Nanostructured, electroactive and bioapplicable materials

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2.2. Experimental ...................................................................................................... 36 2.2.1. Materials.................................................................................................... 36 2.2.2. Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica Materials with Thermal Sensitive Nonsurfactant Templates........................................................................... 36 2.2.3. Instrumentation and Characterization ....................................................... 38 2.3. Results and Discussion....................................................................................... 39 2.4. Conclusions and Remarks .................................................................................. 46 2.5. Acknowledgments.............................................................................................. 47 2.6. References .......................................................................................................... 47 Chapter 3. Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica Nanospheres through a Nonsurfactant Templated Base Catalyzed Sol-Gel Reaction ................................................. 66 3.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 66 3.1.1. Silica Sphere from Sol-Gel Process .......................................................... 67 3.1.2. Porous Spheres from Surfactant Templated Sol-Gel Pathway ................. 68 3.1.3. Morphology Studied of Nonsurfactant Templated Sol-Gel Pathway ....... 70 3.2 Experimental ...................................................................................................... 72 3.2.1. Materials.................................................................................................... 72 3.2.2. Synthesis of Mesoporous Spherical Silica Particles through a Nonsurfactant Templated Pathway ........................................................... 72 3.2.3. Synthesis of Mesoporous Spherical Silica Particles through a Two- Step Water-in-Oil Method......................................................................... 74 3.2.4. Instrumentation and Characterization ....................................................... 74 3.3. Results and Discussion....................................................................................... 75 3.4. Conclusions and Remarks .................................................................................. 82 vi
3.5. Acknowledgments.............................................................................................. 83 3.6. References .......................................................................................................... 83 Chapter 4. Synthesis of Mesoporous Gold-Silica Nanocomposite Materials via Sol-Gel Process with Nonsurfactant Templates.............................................. 96 4.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................ 96 4.1.1. Gold Nanoparticles in Sol-Gel Matrices: Properties................................. 97 4.1.2. Gold Nanoparticles in Sol-Gel Matrices: Synthesis.................................. 99 4.2. Experimental .................................................................................................... 101 4.2.1. Materials.................................................................................................. 101 4.2.2. Synthesis of Mesoporous Gold-Silica Nanocomposites ......................... 101 4.2.3. Instrumentation and Characterization ..................................................... 103 4.3. Results and Discussion..................................................................................... 104 4.4. Conclusions ...................................................................................................... 111 4.5. Acknowledgments............................................................................................ 112 4.6. References ........................................................................................................ 112 Chapter 5. Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposite Thin Films Based on Arrays of Vinyl Modified Silica Nanoparticles............................................................. 125 5.1. Introduction ...................................................................................................... 125 5.1.1. Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposite: Opportunities to Advanced Materials.................................................................................................. 126 5.1.2. Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposite Based on Core-Shell Nanoparticle Arrays ................................................................................ 127 5.2. Experimental .................................................................................................... 129 5.2.1. Materials.................................................................................................. 129 vii
Page 1: Nanostructured, Electroactive and B
Page 4 and 5: Dedications This dissertation is de
Page 6 and 7: School of Biomedical Engineering, S
Page 10 and 11: 5.2.2. Treatment of Substrate Surfa
Page 12 and 13: 8.2. Electroactive, Bioapplicable M
Page 14 and 15: List of Tables Table 2-1. Compositi
Page 16 and 17: Figure 2-9. BJH pore size distribut
Page 18 and 19: xvi pattern of gold nanoparticles i
Page 20 and 21: xviii PANI under culturing conditio
Page 22 and 23: Figure B-8. Cyclic voltammogram (Pt
Page 24: The resultant polyaniline-collagen
Page 27 and 28: Chapter 2 presents a study focused
Page 29 and 30: Chapter 7 is focused on the synthes
Page 31 and 32: surfactant templated method was ext
Page 33 and 34: The porous structure of the silica
Page 35 and 36: Before early 1990s, with a pore or
Page 37 and 38: − Neutral surfactants: the hydrop
Page 39 and 40: The mechanism of nonsurfactant temp
Page 41 and 42: zero in a pore. Structural informat
Page 43 and 44: 1.5.1. Gas Sorption Measurement As
Page 45 and 46: which is usually associated with ca
Page 47 and 48: 16. Iler, R. K. The Chemistry of Si
Page 49 and 50: 52. Sayari, A.; Danumah, C.; Moudra
Page 51 and 52: Figure 1-1. Three structure types p
Page 53 and 54: Figure 1-3. IUPAC classification of
Page 55 and 56: Chapter 2. Mesoporous Sol-Gel Mater
Page 57 and 58: well formed below the isoelectric p
Page 59 and 60:
2.1.2. Nonsurfactant Templates and
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since controllable partial removal
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were ground manually into fine powd
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volatile sol-gel reaction byproduct
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After the thermal treatment at 150
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oiling point of benzoin (i.e., 194
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interconnected pores or channels wi
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6. Huo, Q.; Magargolese, D. I.; Cie
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Table 2-1. Composition and pore par
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Weight (%) 100 80 60 40 20 0 0 100
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Weight (%) 100 90 80 70 60 0 100 20
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Weight (%) 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 0
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Figure 2-7. Representative IR spect
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dV/dD Pore Volume (cm 3 g -1 Å -1
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dv/dD, Pore Volume (cm 3 g -1 Å -1
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Net Pore Volume (cm 3 g -1 ) 0.6 0.
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Chapter 3. Synthesis of Mesoporous
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preparation conditions. In general,
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cubic, as well as vesicular structu
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3.2 Experimental The synthesis appr
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3.2.3. Synthesis of Mesoporous Sphe
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fructose is incorporated into the s
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mainly attributed to the monolayer-
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with nonsurfactant templates at dif
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3.4. Conclusions and Remarks In the
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11. Matijević, E.; Gheradi, P. Tra
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41. Polarz, S.; Smarsly, B.; Bronst
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(a) (b) Figure 3-1. Typical SEM ima
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Volume Adsorbed (cm 3 g -1 , STP) 3
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Figure 3-5. Representative TEM imag
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(a) (b) Figure 3-7. Typical SEM ima
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Chapter 4. Synthesis of Mesoporous
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nm, and the reaction reaches the hi
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microemulsion. 39 Martino et al. re
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the colloidal gold sol was combined
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holders with adhesive carbon tape.
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trapped in the gold-silica matrix,
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108 The Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH
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indicative of a well-defined crysta
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(i.e., 2-50 nm). Combining both hig
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19. Hayashi, T.; Tanaka, K.; Haruta
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53. Qi, L.; Ma, J.; Cheng, H.; Zhao
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Figure 4-1. Representative X-ray en
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Pore Volume (cm 3 g -1 A -1 ) 0.06
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(a) (b) 122 Figure 4-5. (a) Represe
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Absorbance Wavelength (nm) Figure 4
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5.1.1. Organic-Inorganic Nanocompos
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128 We are also interested in the p
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mica and graphite, the top layer wa
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mode. Scanning electron microscopy
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Waal’s forces), the agglomeration
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136 A single glass transition tempe
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5.5. Acknowledgments 138 I want to
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30. Dimitrov, A. S.; Nagayama, K. L
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(a) (b) 142 Figure 5-2. Representat
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144 Figure 5-4. Representative AFM
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Figure 5-6. Representative IR spect
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(a) (b) Figure 5-8. Representative
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the possibility of utilizing conduc
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iocompatibility and water solubilit
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emeraldine salt, the unique conduct
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acid (HCl, 37.3%, Fisher), hydrogen
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the surface of polymer coated cultu
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acidic acid aqueous solution showed
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oxidant, indicating the formation o
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complex was synthesized by pre-alig
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8. Epstein, A. J. Springer Ser. Mat
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45. Liu, J.-M.; Yang, S. Chem. Comm
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Figure 6-1. Schematics of biologica
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172 Figure 6-3. UV-Vis absorption s
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Figure 6-5. FT-IR spectra of (a) co
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176 Figure 6-7. UV-Vis absorption s
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(a) (b) 178 Figure 6-9. Comparison
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prepared and purified as substitute
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greatest advantages of organic mate
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een explored as a direct and effect
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if we could fine-tune the carrier t
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NMR (250 MHz, DCCl3) δ (ppm): 8.95
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7.2.4. Instrumentation and Characte
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The absence of the proton from the
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194 The absorbance at 600 nm is the
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L3Al dissociated to free ligand (L)
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198 State and Integrated Circuit Te
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34. Stossel, M.; Staudigel, J.; Ste
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Table 7-1. The UV absorbance at 600
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Figure 7-2. Schematic cross-section
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Figure 7-4. NMR Spectra of ligand 1
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Figure 7-6. FT-IR spectra of (a) li
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Figure 7-8. During air oxidation: 1
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[A] 1.2E-04 1.0E-04 8.0E-05 6.0E-05
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Figure 7-12. Mass spectrum of alumi
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Chapter 8. Concluding Remarks 216 T
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218 In contrast to the conventional
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properties of gold nanoparticles ma
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222 In an effort to obtain new elec
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as sensor units, the biodegradable
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polyanhydrides, 4 polyorthoesters,
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substitution reaction, several hund
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polyphosphazenes. Obtained material
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polyphosphazene network. Studies in
Page 259 and 260:
matrix is readily formed due to the
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236 The delivery system can be made
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phosphazene main chains. Further in
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9. Allcock, H. R. Adv. Mater. 1994,
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Figure A-1. Repeating unit in polyp
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Figure A-3. Applications of materia
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Figure A-5. Preparation of poly(N-i
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B.3. Acknowledgments 248 I am grate
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Figure B-2. Cyclic voltammogram (Hg
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Figure B-4. Cyclic voltammogram (Pt
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Figure B-6. Cyclic voltammogram (Hg
Page 281 and 282:
Figure B-8. Cyclic voltammogram (Pt
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