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We'll preserve for our children this, the last best hope of man on earth, or we'll sentence them to take the last step into a thousand years of darkness. 475 American and Hungarian Soldiers on a NATO exercise in Lithuania in 2014. (U.S. Army Photo) 140
Endnotes 1 Radio broadcast given by Winston Churchill, October 1, 1939, available online at the following website, http://www.churchill-society-london.org.uk/RusnEnig.html (accessed August 3, 2016) 2 Richard Cavendish, “The Battle of Narva,” accessed February 25, 2015, http://www.historytoday.com/richardcavendish/battle-narva 3 Richard Cavendish, “The Battle of Narva,” accessed February 25, 2015, http://www.historytoday.com/richardcavendish/battle-narva 4 The Three Occupations of Latvia: 1940-1991, (Occupation Museum Foundation, Riga, Latvia; 2005). Available online: http://www.mfa.gov.lv/data/file/e/P/3_okupacijas.pdf (accessed October 3, 2014). 5 Douglas Mastriano, “Defeating Putin’s Ambiguity,” 6 This is section is an expanded version of an article published by The Foreign Policy Research Institute (FPRI). Douglas Mastriano and Jeff Setser, Blunting Putin’s Sword of Damocles over the Baltics, FPRI, June 2016, available online at the following website: http://www.fpri.org/article/2016/06/blunting-moscows-sword-damocles-policy-baltic-region/. More of LTC Setser’s portion of this article is included in the Recommendation and conclusion portion of 1721. 7 Ibid, 40-43 8 Glenn Snyder, Deterrence and Defense: Toward a Theory of National Security (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1961) quoted in Jakub Grygiel, “Arming Our Allies: The Case for Offensive Capabilities,” The US Army War College Quarterly, (Vol. 45 NO.3 Autumn 2015), 42 9 U.S. Army in Europe Home Page, http://www.eur.army.mil/2020/files/USAREUR2020_SignedMemo.pdf (accessed January 25, 2016) 10 U.S. Army in Europe Home Page, http://www.eur.army.mil/2020/files/USAREUR_2020_v1-2_28May2014.pdf (accessed January 25, 2016) 11 Paragraph by Colonel Bob Hamilton. Also see Rand Study, “Unconventional Options for the Defense of the Baltic States.” Available online at the following website: http://www.rand.org/pubs/perspectives/PE179.html (accessed August 1, 2016), and “Countering Russian Aggression in the Baltics and Eastern Europe”, U.S. Army War College Strategy Research Project by LTC Sean Berg, 1 April 2015. 12 Interview with Rasa Jukneviciene by Douglas Mastriano, June 28, 2016. 13 Interview with Rasa Jukneviciene by Douglas Mastriano, June 28, 2016. 14 Interview with Rasa Jukneviciene by Douglas Mastriano, June 28, 2016. 15 Interview with Jonas Ohman by Douglas Mastriano, June 28, 2016. 16 Interview with Lieutenant Colonel Eugenius Lastauskas, Lithuanian Army by Douglas Mastriano, June 27, 2016. 141
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THE UNITED STATES ARMY WAR COLLEGE
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U.S. ARMY WAR COLLEGE (USAWC) CONTR
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INTENTIONALLY BLANK vi
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Page Chapter 7: Adapting Policy to
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The Great Northern War lasted until
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land, sea, cyber and space, and the
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under one supreme leader. It took f
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NATO Image The fighting in 2006 was
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“We know that peace is the condit
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since before the Bolshevik Revoluti
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increase in scale and tempo of Russ
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where the environment was more favo
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y Tokyo, but also a buffer zone to
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INTENTIONALLY BLANK 16
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PUTIN’S COMPLEX APPLICATION OF RU
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complex. However, it is unlikely th
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presence of Russian troops and infl
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24
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EUROPEAN SECURITY, RUSSIAN EXPANSIO
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Ukraine poses several strategic con
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II. UKRAINE CRISIS: TESTING THE SEC
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Ukrainian Marines with a BTR-80 Arm
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IV. THE CONFLICT IN UKRAINE: ITS IM
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to the annexation of Crimea, the UA
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NATO membership is a long-term aspi
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PUTIN’S / RUSSIA’S OBJECTIVES I
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The Russian National Security strat
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territories, which former Tsarist R
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political initiatives, and infuses
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Latvia exists - one that Latvia’s
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BALTIC BASTION!? by Lieutenant Colo
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Land Forces consist of an “Iron W
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or leasing options. And, even if ob
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NATO: UNDERSTANDING AND SUSTAINING
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presence globally. This enables the
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This not only validates the necessi
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Conceptually and practically, in th
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capabilities. 212 This enables info
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multilaterally toward common politi
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proactively addresses the challenge
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NATO’s Cooperative Security pilla
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“essential glue that holds [NATO
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VIII. U.S. and Lithuanian armored f
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esult, NATO implemented immediate a
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the U.S. and Europe. Think tanks in
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X. CAN CYBER TRIGGER ARTICLE 5 OF T
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Russia, if NATO responded quid pro
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DETERRENCE, PROVOCATION, OR ASSURAN
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VJTF is the lead brigade in one of
Page 104 and 105: NATO leadership - a demonstration o
Page 106 and 107: defense in the event of armed attac
Page 108 and 109: ight of individual or collective se
Page 110 and 111: Russia's military transformation. 4
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Page 114 and 115: ADAPTING U.S. POLICY TOWARDS THE NE
Page 116 and 117: (Army Chief of Staff) asserted, “
Page 118 and 119: a little more explanation is how al
Page 120 and 121: [2015], imports have declined by 39
Page 122 and 123: conducting a visible counter action
Page 126 and 127: VANQUISHING THE SPHINX: ANSWERING T
Page 128 and 129: Russian military parade during the
Page 130 and 131: Anti-access/area Denial (A2/AD) Rus
Page 132 and 133: Kremlin Photo Strategy NATO’s Str
Page 134 and 135: have been focused to the southern p
Page 136 and 137: must be able to prevent a fait acco
Page 138 and 139: trained together will not be capabl
Page 142 and 143: FIVE SMOOTH STONES: HOW NATO CAN DE
Page 144 and 145: enefit first from this modernizatio
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Page 148 and 149: Soldiers of the Danish 1st Tank Squ
Page 150 and 151: interoperability, an annual DEFORTI
Page 152 and 153: The saying that freedom requires et
Page 156 and 157: 17 Go to the following for the comp
Page 158 and 159: 49 Ibid. 50 Michael Birnbaum, “A
Page 160 and 161: 80 Signature of a roadmap on NATO-U
Page 162 and 163: 110 Ibid. 111 Anonymous, “Notable
Page 164 and 165: State Defense Concept 2012,” http
Page 166 and 167: 179 Office of the Secretary of Defe
Page 168 and 169: 216 Graves, “Seek, Develop and Sh
Page 170 and 171: 253 Kamp, “From Wales to Warsaw:
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Page 174 and 175: 312 BRICS is a acronym based on the
Page 176 and 177: 346 Ibid., 4. 347 Stoltenberg, “N
Page 178 and 179: 389 Ibid., 4. 390 Wales Summit Decl
Page 180 and 181: 428 Barack Obama, National Security
Page 182: 464 Barack Obama, 2014. Remarks by
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