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CHAPTER ONE<br />

BODHIDHARMA: FIRST PATRIARCH OF ZEN<br />

There is a Zen legend that a bearded Indian monk named<br />

Bodhidharma (ca. 470-532), son of a South Indian Brahmin king,<br />

appeared one day at the southern Chinese port city of Canton,<br />

sometime around the year 520. From there he traveled northeast<br />

to Nanking, near the mouth of the Yangtze River, to honor an<br />

invitation from China's most devout Buddhist, Emperor Wu of the<br />

Liang Dynasty. After a famous interview in which his irreverence<br />

left the emperor dismayed, Bodhidharma pressed onward to the<br />

Buddhist centers of the north, finally settling in at the Shao-lin<br />

monastery on Mt. Sung for nine years of meditation staring at a<br />

wall. He then transmitted his insights and a copy of the<br />

Lankavatara sutra to a successor and passed on—either<br />

physically, spiritually, or both. His devotion to meditation and to<br />

the aforementioned sutra were his legacies to China. He was later

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