Tafseer Usool at-Tafseer

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“Verily, collecting the Qur’aan (for you) and reciting it (to you) is My 21 responsibility, so when I read it to you, listen to it. Then it is upon Me to explain it.” 22 Therefore, it was the Prophet’s job to explain the Qur’aan to his followers by his actions, as well as his statements. Allaah stated this in the Qur’aan: ( öNÍköŽs9Î) tAÌh“çR $tB Ä¨$¨Z=Ï9 tûÎiüt7çFÏ9 t ò2Ïe%!$# y7ø‹s9Î) !$uZø9t“Rr&ur ) “I have revealed the Reminder (Qur’aan) to you (O Muhammad) so that you may explain to people what has been revealed to them.” 23 Consequently, the sahaabah all turned to the Prophet (r) whenever possible during his lifetime for the tafseer (explanation, understanding, interpretation) of the Qur’aan. For example, Ibn Mas‘ood related that when the following verse was revealed: ß`øBF{$# ãNßgs9 y7Í´¯»s9'ré& AOù=ÝàÎ/ OßguZ»yJƒÎ) (#þqÝ¡Î6ù=tƒ óOs9ur (#qãZtB#uä tûïÏ%©!$# ) ( ÇÑËÈ tbrß‰tGôg•B Nèdur “Those who believe and do not obscure their faith with transgression (thulm), for them there is security, and they are rightly guided,” 24 some of the companions became distressed, because the general linguistic meaning of thulm covers any kind of wrong, major or minor, and none of them 21 Literally, ‘Our.’ The ‘royal We’ is barely used in English, but it is a common feature of Arabic speech, used to indicate the importance of the speaker. It is my standard practice to translate this ‘We’ as ‘I,’ since the literal translation is a frequent cause of confusion for English speakers. 22 Soorah al-Qiyaamah (75):17-9. 23 Soorah an-Nahl (16):44. 24 Soorah al-An‘aam (6):82.
were free from error. However, when they approached the Prophet (r) about it, he replied, ل َيس هو ك َما ت َظ ُن ُّون إِن َّما هو ك َما ق َالَ‏ ل ُق ْمان لاِبنِهِ‏ } یَا بُنَي َّ لاَ‏ تُشْرِكْ‏ بِالل َّھِ‏ إِن َّ ({ ) الش ِّرْكَ‏ لَظُلْمٌ‏ عَظِیمٌ‏ “It is not as you all think. It is no more than what Luqmaan said to his son, ‘Verily, shirk (associating partners with God) is the greatest form of thulm.’ 25 ” 26 Thus the Prophet (r) clarified for them that the broader meaning of thulm was not intended in the first verse; rather it was used to refer to shirk. In this incident, the Prophet (r) explained the Qur’aan by the Qur’aan, demonstrating the first step in the divinely ordained method of understanding and interpretation of the Qur’aan that was established for all generations of Muslims until the Day of Resurrection. After the Prophet’s death, the sahaabah turned to those among themselves who were more gifted in understanding the Qur’aan and who had been able to spend more time with the Prophet (r) for interpretation and explanation of the Qur’aan. Among the sahaabah who became the most noted for their ability to make tafseer of the Qur’aan are the following: The four Righteous Caliphs, 27 the Prophet’s wife, ‘Aa’ishah bint Abee Bakr, Ibn Mas‘ood, Ibn ‘Abbaas, Ubayy ibn Ka‘b, Zayd ibn Thaabit, Aboo Moosaa al-Ash‘aree, ‘Abdullaah ibn az-Zubayr, Anas ibn Maalik, ‘Abdullaah ibn ‘Umar, Jaabir ibn ‘Abdullaah, and ‘Abdullaah ibn ‘Amr ibn al-‘Aas. 28 Within the space of twenty-five years after the Prophet’s death, the sahaabah carried Islaam to all corners of the known world, toppling in the process the great empires of Persia and Byzantine. Wherever the Muslim armies stopped their advance, some of the sahaabah would settle and begin teaching those who came into Islaam the recitation and interpretation of the Qur’aan. For this reason, the knowledge of tafseer spread throughout the Muslim realm, and centers of Qur’aanic learning sprung up everywhere. Among the people who gathered around the sahaabah were some outstanding individuals who remained their students and absorbed their knowledge. These students became known as taabi‘oon. Each sahaabee carried with him a portion of 25 Soorah Luqmaan (31):13. 26 Sahih Muslim, vol. 1, p. 72, no. 226. 27 Aboo Bakr as-Siddeeq, ‘Umar ibn al-Khattaab, ‘Uthmaan ibn ‘Affaan, and ‘Alee ibn Abee Taalib. 28 Al-Itqaan fee ‘Uloom al-Qur’aan, vol. 2, p. 239.
Page 1 and 2: T INTRODUCTION he title of this boo
Page 3 and 4: Allaah’s scripture. Imaam ash-Sha
Page 5: 1 _________________________ T TAFSE
Page 9 and 10: asked if Allaah had mentioned him b
Page 11 and 12: tafseers, leaving only the names of
Page 13 and 14: thought. Thus, it should not be sur
Page 15 and 16: 4 4 (yata’awwal) the Qur’aan by
Page 17 and 18: (4 öNÍk‰É‰÷ƒr& s-öqsù «
Page 19 and 20: 4 of the Qur’aan by Qur’aan. Al
Page 21 and 22: “Verily, they will be veiled from
Page 23 and 24: ồ Ibn ’Abbaas explained that th
Page 25 and 26: vocabulary fell into disuse. This n
Page 27 and 28: would be undermined from its base.
Page 29 and 30: ( ÇËËÈ Üc%ỳ ö yJø9$#ur às
Page 31 and 32: lack people were gods and that all
Page 33 and 34: interpretation and application of i
Page 35 and 36: “And do not pursue that of which
Page 37 and 38: editions of this massive work is th
Page 39 and 40: math-hab. He studied hadeeth scienc
Page 41 and 42: author who mentioned it. After pres
Page 43 and 44: settled in Egypt. This tafseer is i
Page 45 and 46: Numerous editions have been printed
Page 47 and 48: students. Many of their early tafse
Page 49 and 50: 3 _________________________ T TRANS
Page 51 and 52: sultanates. Persian was the languag
Page 53 and 54: 1917 by that of the Ahmadee scholar
Page 55 and 56: The orientalists have also been act
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“translations” serve to convey
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The Book has also been referred to
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However, the recitation of hadeeth
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Thus, the miracles which they broug
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( challenged the Arabs to produce a
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in his home by sending armed young
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“O sister of Aaron! Your father w
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“The heaven I created by might, a
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Case One: One critic writes: “Cal
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Ÿ ( ÇÏÐÈ $\«ø‹x© à7tƒ
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( ÇÍÈ ×ûüÎ7•B ÒO‹ÅÁyz
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correct interpretation of the Qur
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2. Wahy is also used in the Qur’a
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( (#qãZtB#uä šúïÏ%©!$# (#qç
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“Allaah does not speak to a perso
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are a reliable source of guidance.
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TYPES OF WAHY Just as the wahy was
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3 4 It should also be noted that th
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earlier prophets. There is no recor
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“Haa Meem. By the Clear Book, ver
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prophethood. The last soorah to be
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4 zO¨Zygy_ 4’n
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the believers. It was not until two
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š š šúïÏ%©!$# s9 tû¨üt6tG
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4 Its source had to be the Lord of
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7 _________________________ THE COL
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on date palm leaves, flat stones, t
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Prophet (r) had ordered them to wri
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head a committee of four Qur’aani
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MEMORIZATION OF THE QUR’AAN Schol
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in its fullness and perfection when
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Babylonians. 108 Thus, the Jews can
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The Prophet (r) also made reference
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(taabooh), ‘Uthmaan said, “Writ
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“Verily, Allaah and His Messenger
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among Muslims of memorizing the who
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3. Makkah stood at the junction of
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1. variations in vowel markings, wh
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“Warn your clan of nearest relati
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same time, some new Muslims also be
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other classical scholars whose meth
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) من ق َرأَ‏ حر ف ً
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10 _________________________ T ASBA
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all divine laws. For example, Ibn
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( “And when Allaah took the solem
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( ( 4 ( ’Îû uä!$|¡ÏiY9$# (#q
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tûüÅ2ÎŽô³ßJù=Ï9 (#rã Ï
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11 _________________________ T MAKK
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described the Hellfire and its torm
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6. The People of Old: The Makkan ve
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Islaamic state. It was during this
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3 ( a new soorah was revealed, he w
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2. Da‘wah: By understanding the o
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12 _________________________ NASKH:
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“Whatever verse I have abrogated
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“I used to forbid you from visiti
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( TYPES OF NASKH There are basicall
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“So turn your face toward al-Masj
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) الش َّيخ ُ والش َّ
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(#qè=yèøÿs? óOs9 øŒÎ*sù 4
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In the case of naskh, it is possibl
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4 some of the soorahs of the Qur’
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“mutashaabihaat.” The Qur’aan
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evolved from the muhkamaat verses.
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14 _________________________ LITERA
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4 4 4 4 ( snatches away their sight
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š ( Ï9ºsŒ šú÷üt/ tb%Ÿ2ur (
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The benefits gained from the use of
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“Certainly I have made all kinds
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( óOßgoY÷ t/ t yfx© $yJŠÏù x
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“Call to the path of your Lord wi
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“And He is the One Who originates
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3 $ZVƒÏ‰tn tb%x. $tB É=»t6ø9
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instance, if one were ordered to fe
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3. An-Nakirah (the indefinite in a
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6. Ismul-jins (a generic noun in th
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( š 4 ( ( Wx‹Î6y Ïmø‹s9Î)
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èp§‹Ï¹uqø9$# #·Žö yz x8t
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This statement includes all categor
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ồ “And from their wool, fur, an
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( óOçFøÿn=ym #sŒÎ) öNä3ÏY
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4 ( çm÷YÏiB Nä3ƒÏ‰÷ƒr&ur
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3 words or expressions are referred
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(#qè=Å¡øî$sù Ío4qn=¢Á9$#
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for you; and eat and drink until th
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4 Ÿ This verse implies that inform
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“And whoever worships another god
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ồ 4 One of the main methods of th
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BIBLIOGRAPHY English Books Ali, Abd
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Lane, Edward W. Arabic-English Lexi
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----------. Saheeh Sunan at-Tirmith
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Shawkaanee, Muhammad Ibn ‘Alee as
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