GineersNow Engineering Magazine Issue 005

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WORLD’S FIRST CHILD EXOSKELETON HELPS DISABLED KIDS TO WALK We have already seen many exoskeletons being developed for quite some time, and most of them have been created especially for elderly workers and for people achieving extraordinary strength. This company however, has developed an exoskeleton made especially for children with disabilities. The Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) has developed the world’s first child exoskeleton which is designed to help children with spinal muscular atrophy. Spinal muscular atrophy is a degenerative illness which affects one in ten thousand babies in Spain. This exoskeleton weighs 12 kilos, and is made of aluminium and titanium. It is designed to help the patients walk—for some, for the first time. This exoskeleton will also be used in physiotherapy in hospitals to prevent secondary effects that are associated with the loss of mobility in this illness. This technology is currently in the preclinical phase and has been patented and licensed by CSIC and its technology-based business unit, Marsi Bionics. 12 JULY 2016 Future Cities & Robotics Photo by: Engadget
TINY ORIGAMI ROBOT REMOVES SWALLOWED BATTERIES AND MARBLES Good news for parents and toddlers everywhere. No need to worry about young kids accidentally swallowing a battery or a marble. Scientists from MIT, the University of Sheffield and Tokyo Institute of Technology have developed a robot that can remove eaten batteries and marbles. It’s an ingestible origami robot that unfolds itself from the capsule as soon as it enters the stomach. It crawls along the stomach wall and detects the small object and wraps itself around it, then remove it. Scientists also makes it possible for the robot to help in healing wounds inside the digestive system. Professor Danial Rus, leader of the group behind this origami robot and director of MIT’s Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory (CSAIL), said: “It’s really exciting to see our small origami robots doing Photo by: MIT News something with potential important applications to health care. For applications inside the body, we need a small, controllable, untethered robot system. It’s really difficult to control and place a robot inside the body if the robot is attached to a tether.” This small robot works without wires since it can be controlled by magnetic waves. It is encased in a piece of ice so that it can be swallowed easily. Every year, around 3,500 small batteries are swallowed by toddlers. If not removed immediately, it can cause stomach lining burns. A ROBOT DID A SURGERY WITHOUT THE HELP OF ANY DOCTOR It’s not new that robots have assisted doctors in medical operations and surgeries, but recent experiment indicates that robots alone can do the job themselves – yup, with the doctor no longer in the operating room. This is what can be derived from an experiment with an autonomous robot named Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot or STAR, who made surgical stitches with pigs. Composed of a robotic arm, a suturing tool and imaging technologies, STAR operates using a computer program which has the intelligence to perform surgical practices, especially stitches. It was found out that the robots were as good as, if not better, than the stitches made by skilled surgeons. Peter Kim, the study’s senior author, believes that if robots can do it on pigs, they can also do it to human patients. He said, “The main message is that by giving surgeons Photo by: Medifit Biologicals tools that are intelligent, whether autonomous or semi-autonomous, you can make outcomes better.” Surgeons have the tendency to have tremors during operations, which robots do not have. This is what autonomous robots can offer far more than the humans: consistency. Having autonomous robots in operating rooms can reduce human errors and improve efficiency, surgical time and access to quality surgeons in some of the 44.5 million soft-tissue surgeries in the United States a year. JULY 2016 Future Cities & Robotics 13
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