Hydroelectric Power Plant

NOVEMBER 2022
N E W S
Transmission &
Distribution (T&D)
Equipment: Worldwide
Market Size, Growth &
Forecast
The switchgear market
is projected to grow at a
CAGR of 6.9% from 2019
to 2024.
The nanofiltration
membrane market to
reach $954.65 million
52 56 60

unvented
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The SCx range
The new Dimplex SCx cylinders supply all
the hot water required for the modern
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and other domestic appliances at the same
time.
For the User
SCx in standard dove grey with
optional immersion cover
SCx in brushed stainless steel
(special order)
• Mains pressure hot water
• Fast filling baths
• Powerful invigorating showers
• Simultaneous supply of water to all
bathrooms
• No cold water storage tank required,
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• Long life low maintenance hot water supply
• Backed by a big name in domestic heating
• Option of a brushed stainless steel outer case
For the Installer
• Duplex steel inner cylinder with 25 years
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• 60mm no anode – reduces service
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• Light-weight for easy handling to site
• Water inlet diffuser prevents cold and hot
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4
SCx cylinder range

2

E D I T O R ‘ S N O T E
In a world where the energy
crisis is a daily topic of
conversation, it’s no surprise
that people are looking for new
and innovative ways to power
our planet. Hydroelectricity has
been around for centuries, but
could it be the answer to our
current energy woes?
Hydroelectricity is a type of
renewable energy that uses
water to generate electricity.
The water is stored in reservoirs
and then released through
turbines, which spin and
generate power.
A hydroelectricity power plant
produces electricity by using
the kinetic energy of flowing
water. The current energy crisis
is a result of the world’s reliance
on fossil fuels, which produce
greenhouse gases that
contribute to climate change.
Hydroelectricity is a renewable
source of energy that does
not produce greenhouse
gases. The construction of
hydroelectric power plants
can help to reduce the world’s
dependence on fossil fuels and
help to solve the current energy
crisis.
Current energy crisis
and renewable energy
The current global energy crisis
is a major problem facing the
world today. With the increasing
demand for energy, and the
limited resources available, it
is becoming more and more
difficult to meet the needs of
the world’s population. The
solution to this problem lies in
finding alternative sources of
energy that are renewable and
environmentally friendly.
Could Hydroelectricity
Power Plant’s Moving
Water Be the Answer to Our
Energy Woes?
Advantages and
Disadvantages of
hydroelectric plants
Hydroelectricity is a renewable
energy source that can be
used to generate electricity.
There are many pros and
cons to using hydroelectricity.
Some of the pros include that
it is a renewable resource, it
does not produce greenhouse
gases, and it is a reliable
source of energy. Some of the
cons include that it requires
a large amount of water to
generate electricity, and it can
have negative impacts on the
environment.
Why haven’t hydro
power plants been
used more?
Despite being one of the
oldest methods of generating
electricity, large hydro power,
and small hydro electric
generation have been
underutilized in recent years.
There are many reasons for
this, including the cost of dam
construction and environmental
concerns. Some believe that
hydroelectricity is not a viable
option for the future because
it is not renewable, but this is
not true. Hydroelectricity is a
renewable resource that has
the potential to provide a large
amount of clean energy.
There are a number of different
renewable energy sources
that can be used to replace
traditional fossil fuels.
4

C O N T E N T S
8
The CBK Hardware
Development Trend for More
Than 100 Years
20
Lg Launches New Virtual
Platform For Air Solution ...
24
Hydropower: How a
Hydroelectric Power ...
52
Transmission & Distribution
(T&D) Equipment: Worldwide
Market Size, ...
56
The switchgear market is
projected to grow ...
60
The nanofiltration membrane
market to reach $954.65
million
64
Urethane vs Plastic: Material of
Strength
68
A Hypercar Beyond
Hypercars: Project Chaos ...
72
Training Engineering Interns to
Be Productive ...
76
The Main Principles To Adhere
To When Moving Abroad
80
Maintenance Tips To Enhance
Productivity ...
84
The Benefits of Having a STEM
Tutor Blog
6

FEATURE STORY
The CBK Hardware
Development Trend for
More Than 100 Years
How CBK Hardware Development Has Changed Over 100 Years
For more than 100 years, Co Ban Kiat (CBK) Hardware Inc. has been the most
reliable distributor of hardware and home improvement items in the Philippines.
Headed by Johnny Cobankiat, the company aims to make the lives of Filipinos
better with a continuous supply of top-of-the-line home and hardware solutions.
Co Ban Kiat Hardware Inc. started as a humble store in 1920 in the heart of
Binondo, Manila’s Chinatown, with the belief to provide Filipinos access to quality
products. Through the years, it transformed into a huge corporation that is now
dubbed the “House of Home Improvements.”
Thanks to CBK Hardware, Filipinos no longer have to settle for cheap and lowquality
products when it comes to meeting their needs at home or in the office.
While the branded items they sell are expensive, the company wants more
Filipinos to add more value to their money with high-quality products from the
world’s most trusted brands. With this, you no longer need to buy the same
product over and over again.
But how did CBK Hardware Inc., who had the modest beginnings turn into one of
the prime suppliers of first-rate, life-improving hardware and home improvement
materials in the Philippines? Let’s look back in the Philippines’ history and how it
molded CBK Hardware’s mission through time.
It was on December 08, 1941, when Japan made a surprise attack in the Philippines
right after 10 hours of Pearl Harbor bombing. Began with an aerial strike, the
arrival, and the attack of Japanese ground troops on the north and south sides
of Manila. Because of the inability of the Philippine and American troops to fight
back and protect the city, the Japanese occupied Manila on January 2, 1942.
8

The war between the Japanese troops and the United States-Philippine forces in
the country lasted for several years until Japan’s formal surrender on September 2,
1945. By the time the fight was over, the Philippines suffered great loss with massive
physical destruction and an estimated million Filipinos were killed during the postwar
era and Manila was severely destroyed.
9

Saving
lives
every day
Part of Blue Ocean Robotics

FEATURE STORY
Despite 3. Lincoln the tremendous Electric damage caused
by World War II, CBK Hardware managed
to recover in 1948, rebuilding a storefront
on Lincoln the exact Electric location is the world where leader it served in the design, development, and
Filipinos manufacture for three of arc decades. welding And products, around robotic arc-welding systems, plasma,
this and time, oxyfuel they cutting introduced equipment a new business and has a leading global market share in the
concept brazing and in the soldering hardware alloys market—the market. Headquartered in Cleveland, Ohio,
retail Lincoln concept, Electric The has Hardware 64 manufacturing Workshop locations, including operations and joint
Store. ventures in 19 countries, and a worldwide network of distributors and sales
offices covering more than 160 countries.
The Hardware Workshop Store was first
introduced in the 1990s with Atilano
Cobankiat’s mission to help Filipinos
rebuild their homes and establishment
Products showcased at Worldbex
with its world-class hardware and home
improvement products to the Filipino Click here to view all products
homes.
• LINK 42731
12
CBK Hardware expanded its distribution
channel with the establishment of Coby’s
Design Center in Edsa Shangri La in
1996. Offering a wide range of innovative
products to meet the trend in interior
design with its luxurious architectural
4. EZSET
hardware can be found products in over 40 for countries. the modern In the
Filipino Philippines, homes. CBK Hardware is the authorized
distributor throughout the country.
With its devoted and innovative team of
professionals, EZSET has been a leader and
Products showcased at Worldbex
pioneer in mechanical locks and electronic
remote access solutions for over 60 years.
Click here to view all products
Spectrum Brands bought EZSET’s parent firm,
A Tong year Lung later, Metal, the in 2012. business Spectrum developed Brands, a further with the leadership of Johnny
publicly traded corporation (NYSE: SPB) and
• Ezset Knobset Entrance Devon Grade 3 Satin
Cobankiat, the son of Atilano Cobankiat. He brought ACE Hardware USA to the
one of the top 500 firms in the United States,
Stainless Steel
Philippines and consigned CBK Hardware as one of its direct suppliers.
offers its products in over 120 countries and
over 1 million retail locations globally.
• Ezset Leverset Entrance Hawthorn Grade 3 Satin
Since then, Co Ban Kiat Hardware Inc. consistently Nickel expanded its products by
partnering Tong Lung Metal with is more pleased global that their brands. EZSET The company is currently the authorized
dealer brand is and a part distributor of Spectrum of Brands’ a total of Hardware 72 renowned • Ezset brands Knobset of Entrance builders’ Bala hardware Grade 3 Satin and
home and Home improvement Improvement products team, in which the world. also Stainless Among Steel them are Lincoln Electric, Yale,
Ridgid, includes Pelican, industry heavyweights Nilfisk, Stanley, like Baldwin, 3M, Interdesign, Shop-Vac, Westinghouse, KEF,
Kwikset, Weiser, Pfister, National Hardware, • Ezset Knobset Entrance Bala Grade 3 Antique
Bosch, Gateman, and Master Lock.
and Fanal. Customers consider Tong Lung Brass
Metal a world leader in mechanical and
These electronic brands door are lock all hardware, being distributed door closers, across • Ezset the Deadbolt Philippines Single Cylinder to meet Zinc the Cylinder needs
of hinges, customers and door in terms accessories. of home Their and goods facility Hous improvement, Satin Stainless Steel D.I.Y projects, energy
conservation, security and safety, cleaning solutions, and others.

At present, CBK Hardware supplies more
than 3,500 corporations, 2,000 partners
in wholesale trade, and some 200 mallbased
modern retail stores offering home
improvement products such as ceiling
fans, drain cleaning machines, and
vacuum cleaners.
Moreover, the company has over 6,000
active SKUs, and a regular client network
• Ezset Combination Set 1c Dbolt Bala Knobset Satin Stainless Steel
of more than 1,500 industrial organizations,
1,600 • Ezset traditional Combination Set community 1 Cylinder Deadbolt hardware Bala Knobset Antique Brass
stores, and 584 home-building specialty
chain • Ezset stores Leverset scattered Entrance Queen in Luzon, Grade Visayas, 3 Antique Brass
and Mindanao.
Today, 5. Yale the emergence of different online selling Products platforms showcased paved at Worldbex the way for CBK
Hardware Inc., a 102-year-old company, to revolutionize the hardware market in
People around the world are actively
the safeguarding digital platform their homes, by strengthening families, personal its presence Click here on to Lazada view all products Lazmall, Shopee Mall,
Facebook, belongings, Instagram, and businesses and with Viber Yale, communities. the Also, they made their products and
brand which is synonymous with quality and • YLHYDM7116
services available with their online website- www.shop.cbkhardware.com with the
safety. This is why Yale is “the most popular • Yale Door Lock Digital Deadlatch Essential
same-day lock in the delivery world.” options in different apps like • Yale Grabmart, Door Lock Digital Pick A Roo and Metromart.
Even after 100 years, Co Ban Kiat Hardware • YLHYR222NR619
Inc. is more than just the “House of
Home Yale began Improvements,” as a mechanical by providing lock company global brands and innovative home solutions
180 years ago and has since driven the
which makes everything better to every Filipino.
growth of connected smart locks and home
security.
In over 125 countries, Yale is the brand behind
locks of every style and function.
Yale, one of the oldest global brands, is the most
well-known and respected name in the door lock
industry, with millions of Yale locks in use across
the world.
Yale door locks are a simple and effective way to
secure your home. It is easy to install and use, and
it provides a high level of security.
13

FEATURE STORY
Co Ban Kiat Hardware, Inc.
Ground Floor, Cobankiat Building II
231 Juan Luna St. Binondo Manila, Philippines.
Phone +632 8243-1931
Phone +632 8242-6925
Phone +632 8894-6561 & +638-272-931-981
Email info@cobankiat.com.ph;
ind@cobankiat.com.ph
Coby’s Design Center
Unit 467 level 4 Shangri-La Plaza
Edsa Corner Shaw Boulevard
Mandaluyong City, Philippines
Phone +632 86364895
CBK Online and Store
For over 100 years, Co Ban Kiat Hardware Inc. has been the most trusted distributor
of home improvement and hardware items in the Philippines.
#StayAtHome and conveniently shop and order online!
Visit us on the following sites and enjoy deals, discounts, and more!
Lazada Store:
Website: https://shop.cbkhardware.com/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/cbkhardware/
Instagram: http://www.instagram.com/cbkhardware
Join our Fast-Growing Viber Community https://bit.ly/39Lngjg
16

About CBK Hardware
For over one hundred years, a family’s surname has become synonymous with the country’s
biggest hardware supply company. Co Ban Kiat Hardware Incorporated of the Cobankiat family
has a regular client network of more than 1,500 industrial organizations, 1,600 traditional
community hardware stores, and 584 home building specialty chains of stores across Luzon
Visayas and Mindanao. This ever-growing conglomerate traces its humble roots to Manila
Chinatown, as a pioneer enterprise started by the family’s patriarch, Mr. Cobankiat, in 1920.
Despite the ruins of World War II, they got back in the business in 1948, rebuilding a storefront
from the very same spot where it was known for three decades.
While the Filipinos continued to rebuild their lives post-war, CBK Hardware saw the opportunity
to introduce the retail concept once unheard of in the hardware industry. Cobankiat Hardware
brought the first DIY business in Asia. The Hardware Workshop Store is the fruit of this endeavor.
CBK Hardware further cemented its legendary distribution channel with the creation of Coby’
Design Center in Edsa Shangri La in 1996, a specialty store that caters to the discriminating taste
of modern Filipinos.
In 1997, Mr. Johnny Cobankiat, the 4th generation Cobankiat leader, set another milestone for
the company when he brought the franchise of Ace Hardware USA to the Philippines and signed
up CBK Hardware as one of its major suppliers. This further expanded into delivering quality
world-class products nearer to families of Filipino overseas workers in the countryside.
A century’s excellence can quickly pass and guided by the vision to be the largest network
supplier of the biggest global brands in the hardware industry, CBK Hardware resolves to source
the best products to supply its customers anytime and every time.
17

FEATURE STORY
LG Launches New Virtual
Platform For Air Solution
Technology
The LG HVAC Virtual Experience Provides Visitors with the Opportunity to Explore a Wide Range of
Residential and Commercial Solutions
As consumers and business have looked to online recourses to help influencer their purchase
decision, virtual experiences have become a key trend. In light of this, LG Electronics
(LG) Home Appliance & Air Solution Company has opened a new online showroom,
LG HVAC Virtual Experience. Utilizing the latest in digital technology, this interactive
online showroom lets visitors get to know LG’s diverse range of residential and commercial indoor
environmental solutions from the comfort and safety of their homes.
The showroom delivers an intuitive, virtual experience that lets visitors view the compa-ny’s latest
solutions in a variety of virtual environments to learn about the benefits they provide, such as greater
comfort, improved indoor air quality and seamless control, all important in helping customers make
informed and important decisions for the family or employees.
20

Upon entering LG HVAC Virtual Experience, visitors can choose from a range of busi-ness and living
space categories: Residential Apartment, Residential Villa, Office Gen-eral, Office High-Rise, Retail
and Hotel. Customers can roam the 3D environments freely using their mouse or touchscreen. Menus
offer additional information on every model, including specifications, features, product videos and case
studies. Simple to use and navigate, LG’s new virtual platform is a great tool for consumers, industry
profes-sionals and partners looking to create healthier and more comfortable indoor spaces.
What’s more, the virtual showroom allows visitors to see the behind-the-scenes details and technologies.
Press the onscreen Airflow and Piping buttons to see how air travels in an air conditioner or air purifier
and how pipes direct water and refrigerant through a system. Virtually switch operational modes and
observe how airflow changes from one air conditioner to another. Beyond the technology and science,
the showroom is also a great place to check out all the products’ stylish designs to see how they match
various virtual interiors.
LG HVAC Virtual Experience is an open, engaging online resource that will give visi-tors a thorough
understanding of LG’s latest, optimized HVAC solutions for all kinds of spaces, helping them figure out
which products are best suited to their specific needs.
Visit LG Virtual HVAC Experience to discover the company’s latest indoor environ-mental comfort
technologies on your PC or smartphone.
About LG Electronics Home Appliance & Air Solution Company
The LG Home Appliance & Air Solution Company is a global leader in home appliances, smart home
solutions, air quality systems as well as visionary products featuring artificial intelligence. The company
is creating total solutions for the home with its industry leading core technologies and is committed
to making life better for consumers around the world by developing thoughtfully designed kitchen
appliances, living appliances and air solution products. Together, these products deliver enhanced
convenience, superb performance, efficient operation and compelling health benefits. For more
information, visit www.LG.com.
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A
hydroelectric power plant harnesses the energy of moving water to
generate electricity. Water is an abundant and renewable resource, making
hydroelectricity a key part of a low-carbon future. Hydroelectric plants
are efficient and have low operating costs. In addition, they have a small
environmental footprint and can provide other benefits to the local community, such
as recreation and flood control.
25

Water treatment

C O V E R
S T O R Y
28
The energy crisis
The global energy crisis is one of
the most pressing issues facing the
world today. With traditional sources
of energy like coal and oil dwindling,
it is becoming increasingly important
to find alternative sources of energy.
Hydroelectric power plants are one
such alternative source of energy.
Hydroelectric power plants work
by harnessing the power of water.
Water is stored in a reservoir behind
a dam. When the water is released,
it spins a turbine which generates
electricity. Hydroelectric power plants
are considered to be one of the most
efficient and environmentally friendly
methods of generating electricity.
Despite their many advantages,
hydroelectric power plants have
some drawbacks. They can be
expensive to build and maintain, and
they can have a negative impact on
local ecosystems. But despite these
drawbacks, hydroelectric power plants
offer a promising solution to the global
energy crisis.
What is Hydroelectric Power
Plant?
Hydroelectric power plants are one of
the most common types of renewable
energy plants. They use the kinetic
energy of flowing water to generate
electricity.
There are three main types of
hydroelectric power plants: run-of-theriver,
storage, and pumped-storage.
Run-of-the-river plants are the most
common type. They use the natural flow
of water to generate electricity. Storage
plants store water in a reservoir and
release it when the demand for electricity
is high. Pumped storage plants pump
water from a lower reservoir to an upper
irrigation reservoir during periods of
low demand. The water is released
from the upper reservoir back into the
lower reservoir when the demand for
electricity is high.
Hydroelectric power plants are a clean
and efficient source of electricity. They
have low operating costs and produce
no air pollution or greenhouse gases.
The three components of a
hydroelectric power plant
A hydroelectric power plant is a facility
that converts the kinetic energy of
flowing water into electricity. There
are three main components of a
hydroelectric power plant: the dam, the
powerhouse, and the penstock.
The dam is perhaps the most important
component of a hydroelectric power
plant. The dam stores water in a
reservoir and releases it when needed
to generate electricity. Without a dam,
there would be no way to store the
water necessary to produce electricity.
The powerhouse is where the magic
happens. The powerhouse contains
the turbines and generators that
convert the kinetic energy of flowing
water into electricity. The layout of the
powerhouse can vary depending on
the specific design of the plant, but
all powerhouses have one thing in
common: they need to be located near
the base of the dam so that they can
access the water stored in the reservoir.
Types of Hydropower Plants
There are three types of hydropower
plants: impoundment, diversion, and
pumped storage.
Impoundment hydropower plants are
the most common type of hydropower

plant. They use a dam to store water in
a reservoir. The water is released from
the reservoir and flows through a turbine,
which spins a generator to produce
electricity.
Diversion hydropower plants (also known
as a run-of-river facility) divert water from
a river or stream into a pipeline (called
a penstock). The water flows through
the penstock and spins a turbine,
which activates a generator to produce
electricity.
Pumped storage hydropower plants
store energy in the form of water in an
upper reservoir. Water is released from
the upper reservoir and flows through a
turbine, which activates a generator to
produce electricity.
How a hydroelectricity plant
works: the water cycle
A hydroelectric power plant uses the force
of moving water to generate electricity.
Here’s how it works:
Water from a river or reservoir flows into
the power plant through a pipe called
a penstock. The water pressure in the
penstock turns a wheel called a turbine,
which activates a generator that produces
electricity.
The turbine and generator are connected
by shafts and gears, and as the turbine
spins, it turns the generator to create an
electric current. The movement of the
water also powers a second wheel called
a governor, which regulates the speed of
the turbine and keeps it from spinning too
fast.
After passing through the turbine, the
water is discharged back into the river
through another pipe called an outlet
works or tailrace.
How Much Power Can Hydroelectric
Power Plant Generate?
A hydroelectric power plant can generate
a lot of power. The potential energy of
water is converted into kinetic energy,
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Standard Pipe

C O V E R
S T O R Y
which then turns a turbine to generate
electricity. Hydroelectric power plants
can generate up to 1,000 megawatts of
power. That’s enough to power a city of
about 500,000 people.
The amount of power that a hydroelectric
power plant can generate depends on
the volume of water flow and the height
of the drop.
Hydroelectric power plants can have a
very high capacity factor, meaning they
can generate a lot of electricity relative
to their size. In fact, hydroelectric power
plants are some of the most efficient
generators of electricity in the world.
The average hydroelectric power plant
in the United States has a capacity of
about 79 megawatts (MW). But there are
some much larger plants, like the Grand
Coulee Dam in Washington state, which
has a capacity of 6809 MW.
How Hydroelectric Power Plant is
transmitted
Hydroelectric power plants are one of
the most commonly used renewable
energy sources. The potential energy of
falling water is converted into electricity,
which is then transmitted to homes and
businesses.
The process begins with water being
diverted from a river or lake into a pipeline,
called a penstock. The water then flows
down the penstock and into the turbine,
causing it to spin. This spinning motion
turns a generator, which produces
electricity.
The electricity produced by the
hydroelectric power plant is then
transmitted through high-voltage power
lines to substations. From there, it is
distributed to homes and businesses.
40
Pros and Cons of Hydroelectric
Power Plants
Hydroelectric power plants have been
used for centuries to generate electricity.
They are a renewable source of energy
that does not produce greenhouse gases
or other pollutants. Hydroelectric power
plants can provide a significant portion of
a country’s electricity needs.
However, hydroelectric power plants
also have some drawbacks. They can
be expensive to build and maintain.
They can also impact local ecosystems,
altering water flows and causing habitat
loss.
The Advantages of hydroelectricity
• Hydroelectricity is renewable and
sustainable
• Hydropower plants are a reliable source
of energy
• Hydroelectricity is efficient and costeffective
• Hydroelectricity has a small
environmental footprint
• The hydroelectric power plant is versatile
and can be used in many different ways
• Hydroelectricity is a clean source of
energy
The Disadvantages of
hydroelectricity
• Hydroelectric stations have high upfront
costs
• Large hydropower plant has a long lead
time
• Hydropower generation plant has high
maintenance costs

C O V E R
S T O R Y
• Hydroelectricity plants have some
social impacts
• Hydropower plants have limited
scalability
Is Hydroelectric Power Plant
Enough to Save the Environment?
Development of the hydroelectric power
plant has been one of the most significant
engineering feats of the 20th century. The
ability to generate electricity from water
has helped to meet the ever-growing
demand for energy while also providing
a cleaner alternative to fossil fuels. But is
hydroelectric power enough to save the
environment?
The hydroelectric power plant is a
renewable resource that does not emit
greenhouse gases or other pollutants into
the atmosphere. In addition, it uses less
water than traditional coal-fired power
plants. However, there are still some
environmental concerns associated with
hydroelectric power plants.
The construction of a hydroelectric power
plant can have a significant impact on the
local ecosystem. The damming of a river
can disrupt the natural flow of water and
affect fish and other aquatic creatures.
In addition, the reservoir created by the
dam can release methane gas, which is
a potent greenhouse gas.
The Cost of Building a
Hydroelectric Power Plant
The cost of building a hydroelectric
power plant can be significant. The initial
investment for the construction of a small
hydroelectric power plant can range
from $4 million to $6 million. The majority
of the cost is for civil works - such as
dam and powerhouse construction - and
equipment. The cost of installing a 1 MW
turbine in a new power plant is about
US$1.5 million. The total capital cost of
a typical large hydroelectric power plant
can be around US$10 million per MW of
installed capacity.
According to International Renewable
Energy Agency, the bulk of large-scale
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C O V E R
S T O R Y
hydropower projects that will be put into
operation between the years 2010 and
2019 will have total installation costs
ranging from a low of approximately
600 USD per kilowatt to a high of
approximately 4,500 USD per kilowatt.
On the other hand, because hydropower
is so dependent on the precise location
where it is installed, it is not unusual for
projects to have costs that fall outside
of this range. For instance, the price
of building hydropower at an existing
dam that was developed for other uses
could be as low as USD 450 per kilowatt.
On the other hand, projects located
in distant areas may be economically
viable despite the additional costs that
are incurred as a result of the absence of
local infrastructure. This is owing to the
fact that the prices of alternative power
generation or grid connection may be
significantly higher.
Hydroelectric Power Plant: The
Reality of “Green Energy”
A hydroelectric power plant is a “green
energy” source that many people believe
to be environmentally friendly. However,
the reality is that these plants can have a
significant impact on the environment.
Hydroelectric power plants use water to
generate electricity. The water is stored
in a reservoir and then released through
turbines to generate power. While the
process of generating electricity from
water is relatively clean, it can have a
significant impact on the environment.
The construction of hydroelectric dams
can alter local ecosystems and disrupt
the natural flow of rivers. In addition, the
release of water from reservoirs can cause
flooding downstream. Furthermore, the
operation of hydroelectric power plants
can affect fish populations by altering
their habitat and blocking their migration
routes.
Despite the potential environmental
impacts, hydroelectric power plants are a
renewable source of energy that can help
to reduce our reliance on fossil fuels.
The Latest Technologies in
Hydroelectric Power Plants
The latest technologies in hydroelectric
power plants are designed to increase
efficiency and reduce the environmental
impact of these plants. One such
technology is the use of high-efficiency
turbines, which can increase the plant’s
power output while reducing its water
consumption. Another promising
technology is the use of air-cooled
condensers, which can reduce the
amount of water required for cooling by
up to 90%.
Hydroelectric Power Plants
Efficiency
Hydroelectric power plants are
considered one of the most efficient
forms of energy production. They have
the ability to generate large amounts
of electricity with little environmental
impact. The efficiency of a hydroelectric
power plant is determined by its capacity
factor. The capacity factor is the ratio of
the actual output of a power plant over a
period of time to the maximum possible
output. For example, a power plant with
a capacity factor of 50% would produce
50% of its maximum possible output over
a given period of time.
The average capacity factor for
hydroelectric power plants in the United
States is about 55%. This means that,
on average, these plants are producing
about 55% of their maximum possible
output. There are several factors that can
affect the efficiency of many hydroelectric
power plants, including the type of turbine
used, the amount and height of water
available, and the size of the dam.

C O V E R
S T O R Y
The future of hydroelectricity
power plants
The future of hydroelectricity power plants
is shrouded in potential but fraught with
uncertainty. The technology to generate
electricity from moving water has been
around for centuries, and hydropower
dams today provide a significant share
of the world’s electricity. But the future
of hydroelectricity is uncertain, as the
costs of construction and environmental
impacts of large dams continue to rise.
In the developed world, many countries
are moving away from large hydroelectric
dams in favor of smaller “run-of-theriver”
plants that have less impact on
the environment. In the developing
world, however, dam construction is still
seen as a way to bring electric power
to rural areas. China, in particular, has
been investing heavily in hydropower
facilities, with plans to more than double
its capacity by 2025.
The future of hydropower will largely be
determined by politics and economics.
Comparison of Hydroelectric
Power Plants with Other Types of
Energy Sources
A hydroelectric power plant uses
the kinetic energy of moving water
to generate renewable electricity.
Compared to other types of electrical
energy sources, hydroelectricity has a
number of advantages.
For one, it is a renewable resource.
Unlike fossil fuels, which are finite, water
is constantly being cycled through the
Earth’s hydrological cycle and can be
used again and again.
Hydroelectricity is also relatively efficient.
In a typical coal-fired power plant, only
about 30% of the energy in the coal is
converted into electricity; the rest is lost
as heat. By contrast, a hydroelectric
plant can convert as much as 90% of the
energy in moving water into electricity.
Finally, hydroelectricity produces no air
pollution or greenhouse gases. Burning
fossil fuels releases harmful pollutants

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C O V E R
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into the atmosphere, contributing to smog
and global warming.
Hydroelectric Power Plant vs. Coal
Power Plant
A hydroelectric power plant uses the force
of moving water to generate electricity. In
contrast, a coal power plant burns coal to
produce heat that turns water into steam,
which then drives turbines that generate
electricity.
Hydroelectric power plants are less
expensive to operate than coal power
plants, and they have a smaller
environmental footprint. Hydroelectric
power plants do not emit greenhouse
gases or other pollutants, and they require
less water than coal power plants.
Hydroelectric power plants are more
efficient than coal power plants, and
they can generate electricity around the
clock. However, hydroelectric power
plants require a reliable source of water,
and they can be impacted by drought
conditions.
Hydroelectric Power Plant vs.
Nuclear Power Plant
The debate over which type of power
plant is better, hydroelectric or nuclear,
has been ongoing for years. Each type of
power plant has its own advantages and
disadvantages. Here is a comparison of
the two types of plants to help you decide
Hydroelectric power plants use the energy
of moving water to generate electricity.
They are usually located in areas where
there is a ready water supply, such as
rivers or dams. Hydroelectric power
plants are less expensive to build than
nuclear power plants, and they have very
low operating costs. They also have a
much smaller environmental impact than
nuclear plants. However, hydroelectric
plants can only generate electricity when
there is enough water flowing through
them, so they are not always reliable.
Nuclear power plants can provide
electricity generation by using the heat
from nuclear reactions to produce steam,
which drives turbines that generate
electricity.
Hydroelectric Power Plant vs.
Tidal Barrage
There are many different types of
renewable energy sources available
today. Two of the most commonly used
are hydroelectric power plants and tidal
barrages. Both have their pros and
cons, so it is important to understand
the difference between the two before
deciding which is best for your needs.
Hydroelectric power plants rely on the
movement of water to generate electricity.
The water is usually stored in a reservoir
and then released through a turbine to
generate power. Tidal barrages use the
natural ebb and flow of tides to generate
electricity. A dam is built across a bay or
estuary, and as the tide comes in, water
is trapped behind the dam. When the tide
goes out, the water is released through
turbines to generate power.
Hydroelectric power plants are generally
more expensive to build than tidal
barrages.
Hydroelectric Power Plant vs.
Solar Power Plant
Hydroelectric power plants use the
energy of moving water to generate
electricity. They are very efficient and
have low operating costs. However, they
require a large amount of land and can
impact the environment.
Solar power plants use the energy of
the sun to generate electricity. They

C O V E R
S T O R Y
are more expensive to build than
hydroelectric power plants, but they
have lower operating costs. Solar power
plants also don’t require as much land as
hydroelectric power plants.
Hydroelectric Power Plant vs.
Geothermal Power Plant
Hydroelectric power plants use water to
generate electricity. The water is stored
in a reservoir and then released through
a turbine. The turbine turns a generator,
which produces electricity. Hydroelectric
power plants can be located near rivers
or dams.
Geothermal power plants use heat from
the Earth’s core to generate electricity. The
heat is used to steam water, which turns
a turbine. The turbine turns a generator,
which produces electricity. Geothermal
power plants are usually located near hot
springs or volcanic areas.
Both hydroelectric and geothermal
power plants have some advantages and
disadvantages.
Hydroelectric Power Plant vs.
Wind Power Plant
Hydroelectric power plants are typically
built near large bodies of water, such
as river flows or lakes. Water is used to
spin turbines, which generate electricity.
Hydroelectric power is considered to be
very efficient and has a low environmental
impact.
Wind power plants rely on the wind to
spin turbines and generate electricity.
Wind power is considered to be a very
clean source of energy with minimal
environmental impact. However,
wind power can be less reliable than
hydroelectric power since it depends on
weather conditions.
Takeaway: Hydroelectric Power
Plant
In conclusion, the potential of a
hydroelectric power plant is great. It is a
renewable source of energy that can help
reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. The
plant can also help to generate electricity
in an environmentally friendly way.
The plant can provide enough power to
meet the needs of a growing population
and help reduce greenhouse gas
emissions. The plant is also flexible and
can be adjusted to meet changing energy
demands. With continued investment and
development, the hydroelectric power
plant could play a major role in meeting
the world’s energy needs.

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NEWS
Transmission & Distribution (T&D)
Equipment: Worldwide Market Size,
Growth & Forecast
Global Transmission & Distribution (T&D) Equipment Market by Value is Projected to
Display a Growth Represented by a CAGR of Over 7.25% During 2019-2024
52
The Global Transmission and Distribution Equipment market has been
assessed for the historical period of 2014-2018 and the forecast period of
2019-2024. The report has covered and analyzed the potential of Global
Transmission and Distribution Equipment market and provides statistics
and information on market size, shares, and growth factors. The report intends to
provide cutting-edge market intelligence and help decision makers take sound
investment evaluation.
Market Insights
Global Transmission & Distribution Equipment market is expected to grow owing
to the increase in the power supply demand, backed with burgeoning demand
of electrical products like switchgear and transformers in order to transmit high
voltages over a long distance.

Power generation capacity is rising
globally to meet the increasing demand
of growing population and emerging
industrialization in various parts of the
world. This rapid growth in power sector
has led to large number of installations
of power plants which is propelling the
market.
Transmission & Distribution Equipment
market is anticipated to lift on account of
growing electricity demand and backed
with rapid urbanization and industrial
activities in developing countries.
The demand is growing from major
developing countries for the installation
of power plants under power projects.
Company
Chint Electric
Schneider Electric
SIEMENS
GE
Mitsubishi Electric
ABB
Eaton Corporation PLC
BHEL
China XD Group
TBEA
Fuji Electric
53

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up to 2300 in-lbs.
Battery Backup
Electric Fail-Safe
Torques up to 2640 in-lbs.
Emergency shutdown applications

NEWS
The switchgear market is
projected to grow at a CAGR
of 6.9% from 2019 to 2024.
The switchgear market is projected to reach USD 143.5 billion by 2024
from an estimated USD 102.6 billion in 2019, at a CAGR of 6.9%. Growing
investments in renewable energy and demand for safe and secure electrical
distribution systems have increased the demand for switchgear. However,
the high cost of equipment and stringent regulations for SF6 switchgears could
act as a restraint for the market.
The gas insulated switchgear segment, by insulation, is expected to be the fastest
growing market from 2019 to 2024.
The Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) segment is expected to hold the largest
market share in 2019 and is projected to be the fastest growing segment during
the forecast period. They are mainly used in industrial areas to fulfill high-energy
demands through a space-saving design of minimum cost.
The gas insulated switchgears are deployed in various industries, serving
different needs at varying voltage levels. Many developed countries have also
started improving their T&D network to ensure safety and security with the help
of switchgears.
56

The indoor segment, by installation, is
expected to be the largest market from
2018 to 2023.
The hardware segment is expected to
hold the largest market share during
the forecast period because of its vast
implementation. The renewable sector
is also assisting the growth of the indoor
switchgear market, with many solar and
wind power plant projects deploying
indoor switchgear as an integral part of
their power generation and distribution
network.
Asia Pacific is expected to hold the
largest market for indoor with rapid
adoption in countries such as China
and India.
Rapid expansion of power plants and
transmission lines to meet the growing
electricity requirements is expected to
drive the T&D utilities segment between
2019 and 2024.
The T&D utilities segment, by end
user, held the largest market share in
2018 and is estimated to be the fastest
growing segment during the forecast
period because the utilities segment
is responsible for the generation,
transmission, and distribution of
electricity. Electric utilities include
investor-owned and publicly-owned
cooperatives and nationalized entities,
which are the major providers of
electricity in most of the countries,
worldwide.
Europe: The second fastest growing
market for switchgear.
The European region is expected to
be the second fastest growing market
for switchgear by 2024.The European
power generation, transmission, and
distribution systems are comparatively
mature.
Therefore, the EU is focusing on
upgrading its aging infrastructure,
integrating renewable energy sources
such as solar and wind power, and
building interconnections to enable
more efficient power and energy trading.
This would also require additions and
replacement of old switchgear.
57

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NEWS
The nanofiltration membrane
market to reach $954.65
million
The global nanofiltration membrane market was valued at $643.22 thousand in 2017, and is
projected to reach $954.65 million by 2025, growing at a CAGR of 5.4% from 2018 to 2025.
Nanofiltration is a pressure-driven membrane process utilized for liquidphase
separations. Nanofiltration membranes allow ions to be separated
through a combination of size & electrical effects of ultrafiltration (UF)
membranes and ion interaction mechanisms of reverse osmosis (RO)
membranes. The pore size of nanofiltration membranes is so small that even
small uncharged solutes are rejected while surface electrostatic properties
allow transmission of monovalent ions. The global nanofiltration membrane
market is driven by its applications and demand from end users, which include
water & wastewater treatment, food & beverages, chemical & petrochemicals,
pharmaceutical & biomedical, textile, and metalworking industry.
Rapid urbanization and industrialization across the emerging economies such
as India and China and increase in demand for water for domestic and industrial
60

purposes drive the growth of the global nanofiltration market. In addition, increase
in water scarcity across Asian and Arabian countries leads to increase in demand
for nanofiltration membrane in the market. Nanofiltration membranes are used
for antibiotic separation process and to enhance synthesis reaction conversion.
Expansion of pharmaceutical industry across developing nations such as India,
China, and Brazil increase the demand for nanofiltration membrane in the market.
However, high installation costs and lack of funds in emerging economies such as
India restrict the market growth. Increase in use of chemical free water treatment
procedures across various industries provide potential growth opportunities for
market expansion.
The nanofiltration membrane market is segmented based on type, application,
and region. Based on type, the market is divided into polymeric, inorganic, and
hybrid. Based on application, the market is classified into water & wastewater
treatment, food & beverages, chemical & petrochemicals, pharmaceutical &
biomedical, and others. Based on region, the global market is analyzed across
North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and LAMEA.
The major key players operating in the nanofiltration membrane market include
Alfa Laval, Applied Membranes, Inc., Argonide Corporation, Danaher, DowDuPont
Inc., GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft, Inopor, Koch Membrane Systems, Inc., Nitto
Denko Corporation, and Toray Industries, Inc. Other players operating in the
global nanofiltration membrane market include the Snyder Filtration, Inc, Culligan,
Linde, Merck, Siemens, SPX Flow, and Shanghai Minipore.
61

Specialty Water Chemicals for
Optimum Plant Performance

N E W S
S T O R I E S
Urethane vs Plastic: Material
of Strength
As finite resources become more expensive, manufacturers are looking for ways
to improve their products with reusable materials. This begs the question about
whether manufacturers should look to urethane or plastic for their products. Plastics
are made of carbon and hydrogen molecules, while urethane is a bit more complex.
Urethanes are often referred to as plastics, but they are not.
How Plastics and Urethanes Differ
Stated by a urethane manufacturer, plastics include commonly used materials like
polyethylene, nylon, and PVC. Meanwhile, urethanes use a flexible polymer molecule that
makes the material an elastomer. This is why plastics must be injection molded, and urethane
can be cast molded or reaction injection molded. Because of their chemical makeup, plastics
will break when pushed beyond their limitations. But, urethanes usually return to their cast or
injected forms.
64

Durability and Flexibility
Urethane is a more durable and flexible product than any plastic. While plastics do last a long
time, products made of plastic will wear out before a urethane product does. They are also
more likely to break, abrade, or deteriorate before urethanes will.
One of the most unique aspects of urethane is the material’s elastomeric ability. This means
that urethanes can be stretched or extended significantly. And when released, they will return
to their present size. Plastics cannot do this. In fact, if you attempt to stretch or extend a plastic
piece, it will remain stretched, or it will break.
Abrasion Resistance
Another impressive quality of urethane is the material’s resistance to abrasion. Urethane wheels
and rollers will last significantly longer than the same parts made of plastic. Manufacturers
who use urethane parts in their machines are satisfied with the lifespan of the urethane parts
because they do not break down when friction breaks down other materials.
Cost Similarities
Making parts from plastic or urethane have relatively similar costs. But, what cost less is making
the casts for urethane products. Most of the casts are made out of silicon, which is inexpensive.
However, plastic injection molding is not expensive, but the parts made this way do not last as
long as urethane ones do. So, in the long run, urethane parts are more cost-effective simply
because they have a longer lifespan than their plastic counterparts.
Load Bearing
Urethanes have incredible load-bearing performances. Plastics tend to break when they are
pushed to their limits, but urethanes often surprise engineers with home much they can tolerate.
Their elastomer quality gives them better shock absorption when impacts reach higher levels.
Temperature and Friction
When urethane is put under the stress of heat and friction, it continues to perform. Of course,
like all products, there are temperature limits. One of those is the low-temperature threshold,
and urethanes will continue to respond in temperatures that reach -60°F and more.
Sound and Noise
Urethanes are frequently used to dampen noise. For example, polyurethane foam is often
injected into car doors to reduce road noise. While plastic isn’t necessarily a noisy material,
urethanes are generally quiet because they absorb noise. Plastic can be noisy, especially
crinkly bags and rigid toys made from the material.
65

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N E W S
S T O R I E S
A Hypercar Beyond
Hypercars: Project Chaos
And The Visionary Engineer
At The Helm
The first hypercar to be made in Greece has been unveiled. Spyros Panopoulos
is preparing to launch Project Chaos, a car so powerful that he claims it goes a
step beyond the hypercar: this, he says, is an ‘ultracar’. Supercars, hypercars,
megacars and ultracars are all impressive feats of engineering that help shape the
future, but what’s special about Panopoulos’ vision, and why is Project Chaos different.
Introducing Project Chaos
Project Chaos will be available in two versions. Both models have a 4 liter V10 engine
made up of 40 valves and 20 injectors, and heavily featuring titanium in their design.
The first variant will contain two 68mm carbon turbos reaching 2000 hp and a limit of
11.000 rpm. The second will be paired with two 78mm carbon turbos, which will reach a
staggering 3000 hp and have a limit of 12.000 rpm. The connecting rods and pistons in
68

the first variant will be made from titanium; in
the second variant, these components will be
carbon fiber. This version is expected to reach
a speed of 500+ kmh, placing it in competition
with the leading models for speed.
Perhaps what’s most surprising about Project
Chaos, however, is that Panopoulos intends it
to be not a racing car, but an everyday city
car. “We want it to be suitable for the everyday
commute and for all categories of drivers,” he
said. This is potentially a game-changer for the
auto industry, and customers could see cars
like this on professional industry analysis
pages and review sites when searching for
everyday vehicles in the future.
A Visionary Engineer
Spyros Panopoulos has an impressive back
catalog, holding records in dragster racing
with his own custom-built cars. He has built
a 2000 hp Lamborghini and, most recently,
completely rebuilt an EVO entirely on his own.
The initial vision behind Project Chaos was to
create a car for himself — he had no intention
of marketing a hypercar. His view that the
term ‘hypercar’ is widely misunderstood and
his belief that current hypercars are lacking,
however, led him to build a car that would show
the world the true potential of the hypercar.
A Dedicated Team
Project Chaos is entirely built by nine engineers,
using parts custom-made in house. The
majority of auto manufacturers use parts from
other companies, but Panopoulos’ company,
Spyros Panopoulos Automotive, prides itself
on its engineering capabilities. Every part, from
the exhaust to the turbos is made in-house.
The entire Spyros Panopoulos Automotive
team is currently just 22 people strong, with
nine engineers entirely dedicated to Project
Chaos. However, once production of the car
begins, it is expected that the company will
expand significantly.
A number of extreme hypercars have been
unveiled in recent years, but Project Chaos
stands out from the crowd. Not only is it
a spectacular feat of engineering, but it
represents a respect for craftsmanship and
design that is rarely seen in the industry, and it
clearly illustrates the ambitious vision of a man
determined to show the world what a hypercar
really is.
69

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N E W S
S T O R I E S
Training Engineering Interns
to Be Productive Members of
Your Company
Internships have long been seen as a way for companies to get cheap labor. Unfortunately,
this abuse of the system has been called out many times and it’s starting to scare away new
recruits that have a lot of potential. Engineering and manufacturing firms of all sizes need to
look for ways to establish a healthy company culture and a team that meshes well together,
and the best way to achieve this level of cooperation is to introduce engineering interns to your
team and have them learn as they meld with the team.
So here are a couple of tips on how to train an engineering intern to be productive member of
your company from the very first day.
Develop a strong internship program
A strong internship program will help attract talented individuals from across the country.
From offering accommodation such as dorms to giving them employee-like benefits, a strong
internship program is a must if you want to attract the best of the best.
72

Transparency is important to gain their trust
During the internship, it’s vital that you remain as transparent as possible to help establish a
sense of trust between you and your engineering interns. You shouldn’t hide things from them
and you should be clear about their position in your workplace and the opportunities that you
can offer them. Hiding anything will remove any sense of trust and will be problematic in the
future.
Invest in their skills and education if they show promise
Investing in your employees is a must for any productive business, but you should also
consider investing in interns that show promise. Online universities such as KUO offer fantastic
technical degrees that can help teach your employees practical skills. Investing in these types
of courses improves the technical skill of your engineering interns while also solidifying their
loyalty to your brand.
Don’t hesitate to give them homework
Homework can sound a little demeaning, but for an engineering or manufacturing-focused
business, it’s important to give interns “homework” to help them understand your workflow and
processes so they can easily integrate with your team.
Understand their skills and what they bring to the table
Engineering interns can come from a variety of different backgrounds and it’s your responsibility
as an employer to understand what they excel at. By understanding their history, you can
assign them a role that best suits their experience, but can also help them grow their skills to
become a productive member of your team.
Focus on both cultural immersion and their technical skills
At the end of the day, skills can be taught to an intern which makes them more valuable to a
company. However, their personality and attitude are two things which cannot easily be altered.
That’s why it’s important to hold on to the engineering interns that you feel can contribute to
your company and teach them skills later on. However, you should also be looking at their
potential and ability to learn new things at an accelerated pace. The perfect intern should
show promise in both fields, not just one.
73

AIR TO WATER
HEAT PUMPS 2012
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H E A T P U M P S

Product Catalog
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N E W S
S T O R I E S
The Main Principles To
Adhere To When Moving
Abroad
If you have made a decision to start a new life elsewhere, your mind may be
spiralling out of control with all the regulations and rules that may come with
finding a new life. Moving to another country often takes thorough checks and
immigration papers. You may want to consider an indefinite leave to remain
application or whatever suits your current situation; again there are always
people who can assist you. Here are some principles that you should adhere to
in order to make your transition a much smoother one.
About a month or two in advance, preparations for the transition
should begin. These preparations include:
Health, life and travel insurance: One of the considerations that arises in
any transition is the issue of health. Medical insurance is different from travel
insurance, it contains extensive and comprehensive coverage in routine and
emergencies. The health services used abroad are usually different from the
public health system used in your own country. The difference is reflected in
the perception of the service, the costs of medical treatments, their availability
and the need to receive service from providers who speak a foreign language
(if needed). They may have different mentalities and priorities than the country
you now live in.
76

Medical examinations and vaccines: There are some countries that require
vaccinations to enter. Of course currently there are no laws that state a Covid-19
vaccine is needed, but vaccinations such as yellow fever and typhoid may occur
in certain countries. The decision is made on the basis of the passenger’s immune
status, destination country, travel conditions and length of stay. It is advisable to
contact a travelers’ clinic as soon as possible at least 6 weeks before the trip. It is
also recommended to perform a comprehensive medical examination before the trip
for the whole family and to keep the test sheet handy.
Passports and residence visas: Make sure that the passports of all family members
are valid and are not likely to run out within the first year abroad. It is worthwhile to
evaluate the renewal of passports whose expiration date is close in order to avoid
running around in the destination country, certainly during the initial adjustment period.
It is also recommended to leave the country when you have legal residence visas for
the whole family - it is not enough to settle for a tourist visa. It is also recommended
to check the location of the renewal of passports and visas in advance and to verify
the existence of all the required documents in advance.
Bank account in the destination country: It is likely that you will be able to open
a bank account upon arrival in the destination country, but you must still have full
access to your money. It is recommended to check this first to ensure you do not
encounter any issues.
Moving abroad can be stressful but if you ensure that you are prepared, then things
should be much smoother running and you can learn to enjoy the change much
quicker, with less fuss.
77

Water Treatment Division Division
innovation > technology > future

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N E W S
S T O R I E S
Maintenance Tips To Enhance
Productivity For Your
Manufacturing Business
80
Regardless of how big or small your manufacturing business is, you
probably already know that even one day of plant unavailability due to
machinery breakdowns can be a massive cost loss. What’s more, you
may even lose substantial sales as customers are likely to go elsewhere,
and they may not return. So, to ensure your business is never down, we have
listed a few essential maintenance tips that will keep your machinery operating
while also boosting overall productivity.
Replace Components With Higher Quality Materials
Regardless of the specific type of machinery, all machinery is built from various
components; you can replace some parts to enhance overall quality and durability.
Therefore, you could consider switching to round carbon fiber tubing in place of
steel as steel is heavier and might weigh down machines, slowing them down
and causing more wear and tear. However, before pulling machinery apart, it
is best to have a professional service evaluate the best approach to upgrading
your machinery to enhance performance and productivity.
Schedule Ongoing Maintenance
Instead of waiting for your machinery to break down and hoping that it doesn’t,
you should create a scheduled maintenance plan. Ongoing maintenance is the

best method of avoiding a breakdown
as a maintenance team will be able to
identify issues that you and your workers
would not be able to. You should also
consider the recommended timeline
for maintenance when creating your
schedule. When creating a maintenance
schedule, you should also be sure to opt
for a reliable maintenance service with an
excellent service rating.
Clean And Lubricate All Equipment
Regularly
The vast majority of heavy machinery
should be cleaned and appropriately
lubricated daily. All the moving parts will
need proper lubrication to work as they
should, so your team of workers should
know that cleaning and lubrication is a
big part of the everyday work schedule.
It is also wise to also invest in quality
lubrication, as quality lubricants will
prevent damage to your machines. Some
machinery requires specific lubricants,
so be sure that you are always using the
right products to keep your machines in
pristine condition.
Maintain Workplace Cleanliness
And Organization
Manufacturing is an industry often noted
as a high-risk work environment due
to the specifics of the workplace. While
maintaining a clean and organized
workplace will reduce injuries and
enhance your health and safety rating,
the effort will also ensure your machinery
is less likely to break down. Because a
messy workplace means that debris and
contagions could become issues for
your machinery, keeping things clean
and organized will protect both your
employees and your machinery while
also enhancing overall productivity.
Workplace layout is also important
for cleanliness, organization, and
productivity.
Preventative and proactive maintenance
measures are the best way to avoid
unplanned downtime that can significantly
cost your business sales and profits.
What’s more, manufacturing machinery
and most heavy-duty machinery is not
exactly the most affordable types of
machines out there. Keeping up with
preventative and proactive maintenance
should be a priority as it will also help you
avoid the costly issue of replacing your
machines if they are damaged beyond
repair.
81

N N O V A T I O N
E F F I C I E N C Y
Q u A L I T Y
DESALINATION
Reverse Osmosis
Multi-Stage Flash Distillation
Multi-Effect Distillation

Generator Welders
[SOUND PROOF] DIESEL ENGINE
GENERATOR/WELDER
DGW Series
[SOUND PROOF] DIESEL ENGINE
GENERATOR/WELDER
DGW Series
Side Service Panel
Large side panels makes for
easy access and quicker
daily inspections.
Optional Extras
• Lockable battery isolator
• Mains power isolator
• Fire extinguisher
• Oil drain extension
• Service record holder
• Service kit
DGW201-220A
Exceptional Welding Performance
Automatic Engine
Exceptional
Idle
Welding Performance
Longer Engine Life, Less
-Unique
Noise
Current
and Fuel
Control
Economy
System
Automatic Engine Idle
-Longer Engine Life, Less Noise and Fuel Economy
Voltage Reduction Dual Device Operator Feature Complies to AS1674.2 -4mm Rod x 2 Persons & 8mm Rod x 1 Person
Voltage Reduction Device
-Simple Switch to check VRD Capability
High Generating Performance
Constant Voltage 3kVA Continuous Output -CV/CC with Power 1 x 15A Single Phase Outlet
Digital Metering
-Reliable Japanese Digital Meters. Volts, Amps & Hz
Complete with Earth Leakage and Overload Protection
High Generating Performance
-15kva, 1 x 20amp 3 phase Outlet, 3 x 15amp 240v Outlets
Super Silenced
58 dB(A) @ Idle -All Auxilliary Outlets are Earth Leakage Protected
Super Silenced
-58 db(a) Quietest in the World
Compact and Lightweight Compact and Light Weight 212kg (L) 998mm x (W) -482 603mm kg 1519 x (D) x 700 773mm x 760mm
Water Proof Construction
-External Drain Plugs easily accessible
Waterproof Construction
External Drain Plugs easily Accessable
Auto Engine Safety Shutdown
-Sensing Oil Pressure,Water Temperature & Battery Charge
Auto Engine Safety Auto Shutdown Output Reduction Sensing Oil Pressure, -Sensing Water Temperature Excessive Rectifier & Battery Temperature Charge & Frequency
Visible Fuel Gauge
-Fuel Gauge With Night Illumination
Visible Fuel Gauge Environmentally Friendly Analogue Fuel Gauge -Complies with EPA-2
Starter Motor Burnout Protection
-Overrun Protection Device
Enviromentally Friendly Complies with EPA 2
Air Arc Gouging
-6.5mm Gouging Capability
Starter Motor Burnout Fine Adjust Protection Voltage Overrun Protection Device -Manual Fine Generator Adjustment
Economical (Eco) Mode (2100 rpm) -Low Noise & Prolonged Engine Life, 10% Less Fuel
-Consumption. Capable of 220amps on Single use, 4mm Rod
Remote Control Facility [SOUND PROOF] -Optional DIESEL ENGINE remote Control on Single Operator
Shinaiwa Generator Diesel Engine Welders Generator Welders
SALES FEATURES
DGW400DM-415A
Unique Current Control System
GENERATOR/WELDER
[SOUND PROOF]
DGW Minimal Series Sound Pollution
SALES FEATURES
More C
More E
More O
[SOUND
Minima
Pollu

N E W S
S T O R I E S
The Benefits of Having
a STEM Tutor Blog
Top-notch bloggers are earning their living by writing on different niches
such as buying guides, health and fitness, gadgets and tech, and whatnot.
Likewise, your passion for teaching can further help you and the students
as well by initiating a tutor blog. Nowadays every single piece of information
is being accessed at the fingertips so why not bridge the gap between tutors and
students in the digital world? Whether you’re a tutor in Melbourne, California,
London, or any part of the world, your very own tutor blog can help you reach a
broader audience.
Thus, the following advantages of blogging in science, engineering, technology
and maths can help clear up your confusion:
Reach an International Audience
Let’s shed a light on the point we just mentioned above, starting up your tutor
blog can help you reach a broader and international audience. You can spread
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your knowledge around the globe and have fun simultaneously. Interacting
with students of different nationalities will give you exposure to their culture,
customs, and values. You can also earn in the international currency which will
benefit you even more if they have a stable economy.
Be the Owner of Your Content
Be it Chemistry, Maths, Physics, and so on, I have seen a plethora of content
of teachers taking a nice journey around the social media platforms without
acknowledging the rights to its owners. You simply lose ownership and control
of your content this way.
Having a tutor blog gives you your personal space where you are the owner,
and you can post however you like. Such kind of platform also allows you to
keep an eye on the analytics such as which of your content performed well in
comparison to the others. This helps you to improve your writing, content and
keep you motivated as well.
Market Your Services and Skills
By using the right and relevant keywords, you can market your services.
Providing valuable and easy-to-read information to the students on different
subjects is also going to give a perspective to them on your teaching methods
and content. Everyone’s first step to their problem is to Google it, especially the
students, and if your tutor blog ranks on Google or any other search engine,
you have the chance to be recognized in the marketplace.
Also, ensure to keep your readers engaged, so they don’t drift away. Use a
simple yet engaging writing style to keep them interested and before posting
the final draft, look out if there’s any room for improvement.
Get Instant and Unfiltered Feedback
Blogging is such a platform that allows different readers to post their comments
to let the writer know about their thoughts. Most blogs also let you post
comments anonymously if a regular reader is too shy to get in the spotlight.
Overall, this allows your readers to give instant and straightforward feedback
on your content quality and writing skills and some of them even ask you to
create content of their choice.
This can also help you to tailor your content according to the needs and
preference of your readers, so they know you care about them, and they can
become your regular students.
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Solutions
for Water, Wastewater and Sludge Treatment
Technologies by passavant ® , geiger ®, noggerath ® and intech – Product Range

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