Biotechnology for Sustainability: Achievements, Challenges and Perspectives

Biotech Sustainability (2017)
A Review on Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles…
Arumugam and Sharma
3.10. Iron nanoparticles
Fe nanoparticles was biologically
synthesiszed using aqueous extract of
sorghum bran at room temperature (Njagi
et al., 2011). According to Pattanayak et
al. (2013), Azadirachta indica (Neem)
were utilized to synthesis Fe nanoparticles
with the size range from 100 nm. Shah et
al. (2014) able to utilize stem extract of
Euphorbia milii and leaf extracts of
Cymbopogon citrates to synthesise Fe
nano particle with the range of 43-42 nm.
Additionally Fe nanoparticle can also synthesized
using Euphorbia milii, Tridax
procumbens, Tinospora cordifolia, Datura
innoxia, Calotropis procera and
Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass tea).
Plant parts like Mango leaves, Clove
buds, Black Tea, Green tea leaves, Coffee
seeds, Rose leaves, Cumin seeds, Origano
leaves, Thymol seeds and Curry leaves
for synthesising Fe nano particle (Monalisa
and Nayak, 2013). Iron nano particle in
association with silver can be able to synthesis
by utilizing aqueous sorghum extract
(Eric et al., 2011).
3.11. Iron oxide nanoparticles
Iron oxide was successfully synthesized
by (Yen et al., 2016) using Seaweed
Kappaphycus alvarezii. Latha and
Gowri, (2014) found that caricaya papaya
leaves extract were able to synthesis
Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles at room temperature.
Eucalyptus globulus leaf extract was utilized
for the synthesis of Iron oxide by
adding the extract into the aqueous solution
of Ferric chloride (Matheswaran, et
al., 2014). Makarov et al. (2014) reported
that aquous extract of monocotyledonous
(Hordeum vulgare) and dicotyledonous
(Rumex acetosa) were utilized for the
synthesis of iron oxide with the size ranging
from 10 to 40 nm. Iron oxide magnetic
nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 -MNPs) were synthesized
using the aqueous extract of
White tea (Camelia sinensis) (Sara and
Mahnaz, 2016). Mahnaz et al. (2013)
work focused on the development of a
biosynthetic method for the production
of Fe 3 O 4 -NPs using brown seaweed
(Sargassum muticum) extract.
3.12. Lead nanoparticles
Spherical shape Pb nanoparticles
with the size of 10 to 12 nm were able by
utilizing the latex from Jatropha curcas
by Joglekar et al. (2011). Delma et al.
2016 tried out the green synthesis of Lead
in association with copper nanoparticles
by utilizing Zingiber officinale stem extract.
3.13. Selenium nanoparticles
Recently, Sasidharan et al. (2014)
were able to synthesise spherically shaped
particles Selenium (Se) nanoparticles using
the extracts taken from the peel of citrus
reticulata to produce with a mean particle
size of 70 nm. Similarly Garima et
al. (2014) approach is to utilize dried Vitis
vinifera (raisin) extracts for biosynthesize
selenium nanoparticles (Se-Nps) using.
Fenugreek seed is used to synthesis selenium
nanoparticle (Ramamurthy et al.,
2013). Various plants are used for synthesis
selenium nano particle such as Vitis
vinifera (raisin) extracts (Sharma et al.,
2014); Clausena dentata (Sowndarya et
al., 2016); Leucas lavandulifolia
(Kirupagaran et al., 2016) and Capsicum
annuum (Shikuo et al., 2007).
4. Antimicrobial properties
In the field of biotechnology, biominearlization,
bioremediation and microbial
corrosion, Metal microbes interaction
plays an important role (Prabhu et al.,
2012). Researchers found that metal oxide
nanoparticles have good antimicrobial
activity against fungi, virus and bacteria.
Antimicrobial NPs have nanosized carrier
for efficient delivery of antibiotics. This
can prove the effectiveness for treating
infectious diseases (Huh and Kwon,
2011). The susceptibility or tolerance of
bacteria against Np differs among gram +
ve and gram –ve. The mechanisms of NP
toxicity depend on composition, surface
modification and intrinsic properties.
ISBN: 978-967-14475-3-6; eISBN: 978-967-14475-2-9 175