Lube Corner will reduce both the exhaust and cooling losses also at the same ratio. By taking advantage of new technology for friction reduction in passenger cars, friction losses could be reduced by 18% in the short term (5-10 years) and by 61% in the long term (15-25 years). This would equal worldwide economic savings of 174,000 million euros and 576,000 million euros, respectively; fuel savings of 117,000 million and 385,000 million litres, respectively; and CO 2 emission reduction of 290 million and 960 million tonnes, respectively. The friction-related energy losses in an electric car are estimated to be only about half those of an internal combustion passenger car. Potential actions to reduce friction in passenger cars include the use of advanced coatings and surface texturing technology on engine and transmission components, new low-viscosity and low-shear lubricants and additives, and tire designs that reduce rolling friction. In passenger cars one-third of the fuel energy is used to overcome friction in the engine, transmission, tires, and brakes. Machine health monitoring Analysis of lubricating oil is an effective approach in judging machine’s health condition and providing early warning of machine’s failure progression. In the paper: Lubricating oil conditioning sensors for online machine health monitoring - A review (Trib Int 109, 2017, 473- 484) a comprehensive review of the state-of-the-art online sensors for measuring lubricant properties (e.g. wear debris, water, viscosity, aeration, soot, corrosion, and sulphur content) is presented. These online sensors include single oil property sensors based on capacitive, inductive, acoustic, and optical sensing and integrated sensors for measuring multiple oil properties. Advantages and disadvantages of each sensing method, as well as the challenges for future developments, are discussed. Research priorities are defined to address the industry needs of machine health monitoring. Wear We also recommend the following, though specific, very interesting and attractive research studies: Development of an interactive friction model for the prediction of lubricant breakdown behaviour during sliding wear (Trib. Int. 110, 2017, 370-377), The influence of surface hardness on the fretting wear of steel pairs - Its role in debris retention in the contact (Trib. Int. 81, 2015, 258-266), Characterisation of soot in oil from a gasoline direct injection engine using Transmission Electron Microscopy (Trib. Int. 86, 2015, 77-84), The Influence of Base Oil Properties on the Friction Behaviour of Lithium Greases in Rolling/Sliding Concentrated Contacts (Trib Lett 65, 2017, 128), Study of Permanent Shear Thinning of VM Polymer Solutions (Trib Lett 65, 2017, 106), A critical assessment of surface texturing for friction and wear improvement (Wear 372-373, 2017, 21-41), On the mechanism of tool crater wear during titanium alloy machining (Wear 374-375, 2017, 15-20), Influence of lubricant formulation on rolling contact fatigue of gears - interaction of lubricant additives with fatigue cracks (Wear 382-383, 2017, 113-122), Improvement of wear resistance of some cold working tool steels (Wear 382-383, 2017, 29-39), Vibration and wear prediction analysis of IC engine bearings by numerical simulation (Wear 384-385, 2017, 15-27).
egida <strong>Fuels</strong>&<strong>Lubricants</strong> No. 1 OCTOBER 2017 41
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