p2

More documents

Recommendations

Info

conditioned on Alice’s measurement outcome. After receiving the classical result from Alice, Bob is able to construct the teleported state via a simple phase-space displacement of the EPR field 2. Quantum teleportation in this scheme is theoretically perfect, yielding an output state which equals the input with a fidelity F = 1. In practice, fidelities less than one are realized due to imperfections in the EPR pair, Alice’s Bell measurement, and Bob’s unitary transformation. By contrast, a sender and receiver who share only a classical communication channel cannot hope to transfer an arbitrary quantum state with a fidelity of one. For coherent states, the classical teleportation limit is F = 0.5, while for light polarization states it is F = 0.67. The quantum nature of the teleportation achieved in this case is demonstrated by the experimentally determined fidelity of F = 0.58, greater than the classical limit of 0.5 for coherent states. The fidelity is an average over all input states and so measures the ability to transfer an arbitrary, unknown superposition from Alice to Bob. This technique achieves the teleportation of continuous quantum state variables, as opposed to the discrete quantum state variables used in the Bennett et al. (1993) teleportation protocol and its variants. The teleportation of a squeezed state of light from one beam of light to another demonstrates the teleportation of a continuous feature (of light) that comes from the superpositions of an infinite number of basic states of the electromagnetic field, such as those found in squeezed states. This line of research also involves the experimental demonstration of the mapping of quantum states from photonic to atomic media via entanglement and teleportation. Hald et al. (1999) reported on the experimental observation of a spin-squeezed macroscopic ensemble of 10 7 cold atoms, whereby the ensemble is generated via quantum state entanglement/teleportation from non-classical light to atoms. Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 42
Figure 8. Quantum Teleportation (From www.aip.org) At the sending station of the quantum teleporter, Alice encodes a “messenger” photon (M) with a specific state: 45 degrees polarization. This travels towards a beam splitter. Meanwhile, two additional entangled photons (A and B) are created. The polarization of each photon is in a fuzzy, undetermined state, yet the two photons have a precisely defined interrelationship. Specifically, they must have complementary polarizations. For example, if photon A is later measured to have horizontal (0 degrees) polarization, then the other photon must collapse into the complementary state of vertical (90 degrees) polarization. Entangled photon A arrives at the beam splitter at the same time as the message photon M. The beam splitter causes each photon to either continue toward detector 1 or change course and travel to detector 2. In 25% of all cases, in which the two photons go off into different detectors, Alice does not know which photon went to which detector. This inability for Alice to distinguish between the two photons causes quantum weirdness to kick in. Just by the very fact that the two photons are now indistinguishable, the M photon loses its original identity and becomes entangled with A. The polarization value for each photon is now indeterminate, but since they travel toward different detectors Alice knows that the two photons must have complementary polarizations. Since message photon M must have complementary polarization to photon A, then the other entangled photon (B) must now attain the same polarization value as M. Therefore, teleportation is successful. Indeed, Bob sees that the polarization value of photon B is 45 degrees: the initial value of the message photon. Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 43
Page 1 and 2: DTIC Copy AFRL-PR-ED-TR-2003-0034 A
Page 3 and 4: NOTICE USING GOVERNMENT DRAWINGS, S
Page 5 and 6: Table of Contents Section Page 1.0
Page 7 and 8: List of Tables Table Page Table 1.
Page 9 and 10: Acknowledgements This study would n
Page 11 and 12: 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction T
Page 13 and 14: 2.0 vm-TELEPORTATION 2.1 Engineerin
Page 15 and 16: Figure 1. Diagram of a Simultaneous
Page 17 and 18: The resulting spacetime is everywhe
Page 19 and 20: It is a standard result of the thin
Page 21 and 22: which is a remarkable result. A fur
Page 23 and 24: Figure 4. A Schematic of Vacuum Qua
Page 25 and 26: Figure 5. A Schematic of the Casimi
Page 27 and 28: where T is the temperature of the v
Page 29 and 30: 2 ∆ c 44 2 ⎛ π c ⎞ 0 1 ⎛
Page 31 and 32: As recently elaborated by Puthoff (
Page 33 and 34: where K (a function of position) is
Page 35 and 36: ∇ 2 K − ( c K) 0 1 2 ∂ K ∂t
Page 37 and 38: tabletop lasers are thus the ideal
Page 39 and 40: characterize and model the negative
Page 41 and 42: information representing them when
Page 43 and 44: should have a definite value even b
Page 45 and 46: Figure 6. Classical Facsimile Trans
Page 47 and 48: We now go one more final step to gi
Page 49 and 50: He showed that his algorithm rises
Page 51: • investigators are still develop
Page 55 and 56: parties want to communicate with on
Page 57 and 58: entanglement/teleportation process,
Page 59 and 60: • FTL Communication: Experiments
Page 61 and 62: membrane called a D-brane (D = Diri
Page 63 and 64: Leshan’s model. Thus, a teleporta
Page 65 and 66: 5.0 p-TELEPORTATION 5.1 PK Phenomen
Page 67 and 68: unaffected by being teleported. The
Page 69 and 70: clairvoyance, i.e., using the mind
Page 71 and 72: Proposition 1 and Fact 2: It has be
Page 73 and 74: 6.0 REFERENCES 1. Aczel, A. D. (200
Page 75 and 76: 51. de Sabbata, V. and Schmutzer, E
Page 77 and 78: 103. Jammer, M. (1974), The Philoso
Page 79 and 80: 155. Pan, J.-W., et al. (1998), “
Page 81 and 82: 210. Swann, I. (1974), “Scientolo
Page 83 and 84: APPENDIX A - A Few Words About Nega
Page 85 and 86: Appendix B - THεµ Methodology In
Page 87 and 88: Dr. Ingrid Wysong (1 CD) EOARD 223-

p2

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?