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Figure 11.4: The categorization of celestial bodies 91
to p F ≈ mc, its energy and pressure can depend on the temperature if this temperature it is high enough. 2 It seems, there is no thermodynamical prohibition to imagine this matter so hot when the neutron gas is non-degenerate. An estimation shows that it can be possible if mass of this body is near to 10 50 g or even to 10 55 g. As it is accepted to think that full mass of the Universe is about 10 53 g, it can be assumed that on an early stage of development of Universe, there was some celestial body with the mass about 10 53 g composed by the neutron matter at the approximately nuclear density with at the temperature above 10 12 K. After some time, with temperature decreased it has lost its stability and decayed into quasars with mass up to 10 12 M Ch , consisting of the non-degenerate relativistic plasma at T > 10 10 K. After next cooling at loosing of stability they was decaying on galaxies of hot stars with mass about M ≈ M Ch and core temperature about T ≈ 10 7 K, composed by non-relativistic hot plasma. A next cooling must leads hot stars to decaying on dwarfs, pulsars, planets or may be on small bodies. The substances of these bodies (in their cores) consists of degenerate plasma (degenerate electron subsystem and cold nuclear subsystem) or cold neutron matter, it makes them stable in expanding and cooling Universe. 3 It is important to emphasize, that the gravity induced electric polarization excludes the possibility of the gravitational collapse as the last stage of the star evolutions. 11.4 About ≪black holes≫ It seems that the idea about the ≪black holes≫ existence is organic related to the suggestion about an inevitable collapse of large cosmic bodies on the last stage of their evolutions. However, the models of collapsing masses were appearing as a consequence of the rejection from attention of the gravity induced electric polarization of the intrastellar plasma, which was considered in previous chapters. If to take into account this mechanism, the possibility of collapse must be excludes. It allows newly to take a look on the ≪black hole≫ problem. In accordance with the standard approach, the Schwarzshield radius of ≪black hole≫ with M is r bh = 2GM c 2 (11.18) and accordingly the average density of ≪black holes≫: γ bh = 3c 6 32πM 2 G 3 . (11.19) The estimations which was made in previous chapters are showing that all large inwardly-galactic objects of all classes - a stars, dwarves, pulsars, giants - possess the mass of the order M Ch (or 10M Ch ). As the density of these objects are small relatively 2 The ultra-relativistic matter with p F ≫ mc is possessed by limiting pressure which is not depending on temperature. 3 The temperature of plasma inside these bodies can be really quite high as electron gas into dwarfs, for example, will be degenerate even at temperature T ≈ 10 9 K. 92
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Boris V.Vasiliev ASTROPHYSICS and a
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5 The main parameters of star 29 5.
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theories of stars that are not purs
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But plasma is an electrically polar
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can be described by definite ration
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But even at so high temperatures, a
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2.2 The energy-preferable state of
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20
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3.2 The equilibrium of a nucleus in
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24
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As a result, the electric force app
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and in accordance with Eq.(4.11), t
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The total kinetic energy of plasma
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we obtain η = 20 = 6.67, (5.24) 3
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40 N 35 30 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 A/Z
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One can show it easily, that in thi
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2.10 log (TR/R o T o ) 1.55 1.00 me
Page 41 and 42: averaged temperature and averaged p
Page 43 and 44: log R/R o 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.9 measured
Page 45 and 46: The Table(6.2). The relations of ma
Page 47 and 48: The Table(6.2)(continuation). N Sta
Page 49 and 50: The Table(6.2)(continuation). N Sta
Page 51 and 52: log T/T o 1.0 0.9 0.8 0.7 0.6 measu
Page 53 and 54: Figure 6.4: The schematic of the st
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Page 57 and 58: Simultaneously, the torque of a bal
Page 59 and 60: At taking into account above obtain
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Page 63 and 64: of periastron rotation of close bin
Page 65 and 66: 8.3 The angular velocity of the aps
Page 67 and 68: N -3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0
Page 69 and 70: Figure 9.1: (a) The power spectrum
Page 71 and 72: Figure 9.2: (a) The measured power
Page 73 and 74: 9.3 The basic elastic oscillation o
Page 75 and 76: 9.5 The spectrum of solar core osci
Page 77 and 78: star mass spectrum. At first, we ca
Page 79 and 80: where ˜ λ C = m ec is the Compto
Page 81 and 82: This energy is many orders of magni
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Page 85 and 86: Figure 11.1: The steady states of s
Page 87 and 88: It opens a way to estimate the mass
Page 89 and 90: N 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1.0 1.1 1.
Page 91: This makes it possible to estimate
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Page 97 and 98: approach to the separation of the E
Page 99 and 100: is evident as soon as in this proce
Page 101 and 102: Figure 12.1: The dependence of the
Page 103 and 104: Figure 12.2: a) The external radius
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Page 107 and 108: It gives a possibility to conclude
Page 109 and 110: This allows us to explain the obser
Page 111 and 112: [14] Landau L.D. and Lifshits E.M.:
Page 113 and 114: N Name of star U P M 1 /M ⊙ M 2 /
Page 115 and 116: [9] Gemenez A. and Clausen J.V., Fo
Page 117 and 118: [30] Hill G. and Holmgern D.E. Stud
Page 119 and 120: [52] Semeniuk I. Apsidal motion in
Page 121: [75] Andersen J. and Gimenes A. Abs
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