The 21st Century Charter Schools Initiative

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Introduction Purpose Charter Schools operate in a different manner than traditional public schools. All charter schools seem to have the same purpose. The main purpose is having an alternative means within the public school system to increase innovation in learning creative ways outside the traditionalism of the public system. Another purpose is having the teachers, both new in the system and ones that have experience, be responsible for their own education program and teaching methods. Teachers and student both get the opportunity to explore new ways of learning through education this system. Charter schools are the fastest growing innovation resulting from education policy to challenge the public schools notion. Chartering sometimes caters to the needs of the community by providing after school activities and programs to keep the student connected to the instructors while increasing their performance in academics and to aid in keeping students out of trouble with authority. For example Drew Charter School in Atlanta, Georgia is attached to their local YMCA program that serves the physical education for the school. Differences in state laws bring wide diversity in the organization, operation, and philosophies of charter schools. Some states give charter schools considerable autonomy, while other states exercise more control. The charter sponsor may be a school district, college or university, state education agency, teachers, parents, or other community members. Operations Charter Schools in the United States offer primary or secondary education without charge to pupils who take state-mandated exams. These charter schools are subject to fewer rules, regulations, and statutes than traditional state schools, but receive less public funding than public schools, typically a fixed amount per pupil. They are non-profit entities, and can receive donations from private sources. The number of American charter schools has grown from 500 in 16 states and the District of Columbia to an estimated 6,400 in 2013-14. Over 600 new public charter schools (7%) opened, serving an additional 288,000 students (13%), totaling 2.5 million students. By contrast, some 200 schools closed, for reasons including low enrollment, financial concerns and low academic performance. Waiting lists grew from an average of 233 in 2009 to 277 in 2012, with places allocated by lottery. They educate the majority of children in New Orleans Public Schools. Charter schools may provide a specialized curriculum (for example in arts, mathematics, or Page 8 of 43
vocational training), however others aim to provide a better and more cost-efficient general education than nearby non-charter public schools. Charter schools are attended by choice. They may be founded by teachers, parents, or activists although state-authorized charters (schools not chartered by local school districts) are often established by non-profit groups, universities, or government entities. School districts may permit corporations to manage multiple charter schools. The first charter school law was in Minnesota in 1991. They sometimes face opposition from local boards, state education agencies, and unions. Public-school advocates assert that charter schools are designed to compete with public schools in a destructive and harmful manner rather than work in harmony with them. of The charter school idea in the United States was originated in 1974 by Ray Budde, a professor at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Albert Shanker, President of the American Federation of Teachers, embraced the concept in 1988, when he called for the reform of the public schools by establishing "charter schools" or "schools choice." Gloria Ladson-Billings called him "the first person to publicly propose charter schools". [12] At the time, a few schools already existed that were not called charter schools but embodied some of their principles, such as H-B Woodlawn. As originally conceived, the ideal model of a charter school was as a legally and financially autonomous public school (without tuition, religious affiliation, or selective student admissions) that would operate much like a private business—free from many state laws and district regulations, and accountable more for student outcomes rather than for processes or inputs (such as Carnegie Units and teacher certification requirements). Minnesota was the first state to pass a charter school law in 1991. California was second, in 1992. As of 2013, 42 states and the District of Columbia have charter school laws. As of 2012 an authorizer other than a local school board has granted over 60 percent of charters across the country. Between 2009 and 2012, the percent of charter schools implementing performance-based compensation increased from 19 percent to 37 percent, while the proportion that is unionized decreased from 12 percent to 7 percent. The most popular educational focus is college preparation (30 percent), while 8 percent focus on Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. Another 16 percent emphasize Core Knowledge. Blended Learning (6 percent) and Virtual/Online learning (2 percent) are in use. When compared to traditional public schools, charters serve a more disadvantaged student population, including more low-income and minority students. Sixty-one percent of charter schools serve a student population where over 60 percent qualify for the federal Free or Page 9 of 43
Page 2 and 3: The Advocacy Foundation, Inc. Helpi
Page 4 and 5: Biblical Authority Deuteronomy 11:1
Page 6 and 7: Table of Contents The 21 st Century
Page 10 and 11: Reduced Lunch Program. Charter scho
Page 12 and 13: Accountability for Student Achievem
Page 14 and 15: The No Child Left Behind Act of 200
Page 16 and 17: State to State Charter school fundi
Page 18 and 19: Page 18 of 43
Page 20 and 21: schools a major part of his No Chil
Page 22 and 23: National Bureau of Economic Researc
Page 24 and 25: asic demographic, regional, or scho
Page 26 and 27: opened had closed, for reasons rang
Page 28 and 29: it, and that the problems of urban
Page 30 and 31: fact, those are the very areas wher
Page 32 and 33: The Obama administration announced
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Page 36 and 37: HOW TO START A CHARTER SCHOOL Culti
Page 38 and 39: BEFORE LAUNCHING INTO BUILDING SUPP
Page 40 and 41: WAIVERS & LEGAL AUTONOMY: Agoodchar
Page 42 and 43: Planning Tip: Divide members of you
Page 44 and 45: participating in the applicant grou
Page 46 and 47: Figure Out The Finances As a charte
Page 48 and 49: Have you Thought About Fundraising
Page 50 and 51: CASE STUDY OF A CHARTER SCHOOL IN B
Page 52 and 53: Notes
Page 54 and 55: Notes
Page 56 and 57: Attachment B No Child Left Behind C
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The Impact of the New Title I Requi
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C-5. Are there Department resources
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The Impact of the New Title I Requi
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• The statute permits the SEA to
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B. Charter Schools and the Title I
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C. Charter Schools and Supplemental
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E. Qualifications of Teachers and P
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LEA have met these requirements, th
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DISCUSSION PAPER 2012-06 | Septembe
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Learning from the Successes and Fai
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Table of Contents Abstract 2 Chapte
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Chapter 1: The Need for Innovation
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Chapter 2: Charter Schools as Incub
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Box 1. What Is a Standard Deviation
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Figure 3. Effects on Student Test S
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Chapter 4: The Proposal The evidenc
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gave benchmark assessments based on
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Chapter 6: Conclusions Notwithstand
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Endnotes 1. For a recent example of
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Advisory Council George A. Akerlof
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Attachment D Charter School FAQ’s
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minority or low-income students tha
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Attachment E Budget Page 39 of 43
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42 Other: Program Evaluation 5,000
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Notes _____________________________
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The 21st Century Charter Schools Initiative

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