O Son !
THE BOOK ‘O SON’ Al-hamdu lillâhi Rabbil ’âlamîn. Wa-s-salâtu wa-s-salâmu ’alâ Rasûlinâ Muhammadin wa Âlihi wa Sahbihi ajma’în. 1– O son! Collecting from books written by the scholars of the Hanafî Madhhab three hundred and sixty hadîth-i-sherîfs and forty-four khabars and also the seven essentials and the five rukns and the seven wâjibs and the fourteen sunnats and the twenty-five mustahabs and the fourteen mufsids of namâz, I have explained them for you. Adapt your acts and deeds to these teachings so that you attain fayz and nejât (salvation)! 2– Also for your information, I have collected a thousand and ninety âdâb (adabs) for you and for other young Muslims like you. If you adapt your actions and acts of worship to these teachings, they will be sufficient for you. If you laze, disobey Allâhu ta’âlâ and cease from these practices and manners, you will be afflicted with slavery and disgrace in the world and subjected to torment in the world to come. If you live up to them and advise your Muslim brothers to do the same, it will be useful for you. They will say blessings over you. And Haqq ta’âlâ will accept their invocations. For, a slave will be pardoned on account of another slave’s invocations for them.
THE BOOK ‘O SON’
Al-hamdu lillâhi Rabbil ’âlamîn. Wa-s-salâtu wa-s-salâmu ’alâ
Rasûlinâ Muhammadin wa Âlihi wa Sahbihi ajma’în.
1– O son! Collecting from books written by the scholars of the
Hanafî Madhhab three hundred and sixty hadîth-i-sherîfs and
forty-four khabars and also the seven essentials and the five rukns
and the seven wâjibs and the fourteen sunnats and the twenty-five
mustahabs and the fourteen mufsids of namâz, I have explained
them for you. Adapt your acts and deeds to these teachings so that
you attain fayz and nejât (salvation)!
2– Also for your information, I have collected a thousand and
ninety âdâb (adabs) for you and for other young Muslims like you.
If you adapt your actions and acts of worship to these teachings,
they will be sufficient for you. If you laze, disobey Allâhu ta’âlâ
and cease from these practices and manners, you will be afflicted
with slavery and disgrace in the world and subjected to torment in
the world to come.
If you live up to them and advise your Muslim brothers to do
the same, it will be useful for you. They will say blessings over you.
And Haqq ta’âlâ will accept their invocations. For, a slave will be
pardoned on account of another slave’s invocations for them.
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announcement will be signs for the qâdî’s verdict. It is not<br />
permissible to derive the commencement of Ramadân from<br />
calendars or calculations. Even if these things are ’âdil, their<br />
calculations have no value concerning the commencement of the<br />
month of Ramadân. Fasting in Ramadân will not begin with their<br />
foretelling the day when the new moon will be sighted. Imâm-i-<br />
Subkî ‘rahimahullâhu ta’âlâ’, an Islamic scholar in the Shâfi’î<br />
Madhhab, states: “Supposing someone said that he had seen the<br />
crescent in the evening on the thirtieth day of Sha’bân and yet the<br />
calculation showed that it would be seen a day later, the<br />
calculation should be believed in this case. For, the date found by<br />
calculation is definite. It is impossible to see the new moon before<br />
it reaches the position to be seen.” Shems-ul-aimma Halwânî<br />
‘rahimahullâhu ta’âlâ’ states: “The blessed month of Ramadân<br />
begins when the crescent is sighted, not when it reaches the<br />
position to be seen. Because calculation foretells the evening<br />
when the crescent will reach the position to be seen,<br />
commencement of the blessed month of Ramadân cannot be<br />
determined by way of calculation. When the blessed month of<br />
Ramadân commences at a certain location upon two ’âdil<br />
Muslims’ informing that they have ‘seen the crescent or upon the<br />
qâdî’s verdict, Muslims the entire world over will have to start<br />
fasting. Not so are the times of (other acts of worship such as)<br />
Hajj, Qurbân and Namâz. When their times are known at a<br />
certain location, other locations will not necessarily have to follow<br />
its example.” Ibni ’Âbidîn ‘rahimahullâhu ta’âlâ’, again, states as<br />
he deals with determining the Qibla direction within the subject<br />
allotted to conditions to be fulfilled concerning namâz: “The<br />
trustable sources to be utilized for determining the times of namâz<br />
and the Qibla direction are calendars and astronomical<br />
calculations [endorsed by ’âdil Muslims]. Although the<br />
information furnished by these sources will not be definitely<br />
correct, they will induce a strong conviction. [However, it will<br />
have to be known that the calendars were prepared by sâlih<br />
Muslims knowledgeable about times of namâzes.] A strong<br />
conviction will suffice in this respect, but doubt or probability will<br />
not be sufficient. On the other hand, astronomical calculations<br />
must not be utilized for determining the commencement of<br />
Ramadân-i-sherîf. For, commencement of the blessed month<br />
takes place when the crescent is sighted in the sky. A hadîth-isherîf<br />
commands: “Start fasting when you see the new moon!”<br />
The crescent’s reaching the phase at which it can be sighted is<br />
– 139 –
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