O Son !

expressed by Muslims in Turkey as) ‘leaving the prayer (namâz) to
qadâ’; they should perform them according to al-Imâm-al-a’zam’s
prescription; and in that case, they should not perform the late
afternoon and the night prayers of that day before the times
prescribed for these prayers by al-Imâm-al-a’zam. A prayer is
accepted as to have been performed within its prescribed time if the
initial takbîr has been uttered, according to the Hanafî Madhhab;
and if one rak’a of the namâz has been completed, according to the
Madhhabs named Mâlikî and Shâfi’î; before the end of the
prescribed time. A. Ziyâ Bey notes in his book ’Ilm-i hey’et:
“The further ahead in the direction of the poles, the farther
apart from each other are the beginning of morning prayer, i.e. the
breaking of morning twilight, and sunrise; and for the same matter,
the beginning of night prayer, i.e. the (end of) evening dusk, and
sunset, and, also incidentally, the closer to each other are the initial
times of (a certain day’s) morning prayer and the night prayer (of
the previous day). Prayer times of a location vary depending on its
distance from the equator, i.e., its degree of latitude, ª, as well as
on the declination, ∞, of the Sun, i.e., on months and days.” [At
locations whose latitudinal value is greater than the complement of
declination, (i.e. when ª>90-∞, or when ª+∞>90,) days and nights
never take place. During the times when the sum of latitude and
declination is 90°-19° = 71° or greater, i.e., 90°-ª71°;
for example, during the summer months when the Sun’s declination
is greater than 5°; fajr (dawn, morning twilight) begins before the
shafaq (evening dusk, evening twilight) turns into complete
darkness. So, for instance, in Paris which is on latitude 48°50', the
times of night and morning prayers do not start from 12 through 30
June. In the Hanafî Madhhab, the time of a certain prayer is the
reason (sabab) for performing that prayer. The prayer does not
become fard unless the reason arises. Therefore, these two prayers
(salâts) do not become fard at such places. However, (as is stated in
Ibni 'Âbidîn, according to some authorized Islamic scholars, [even
in situations wherein times of these two prayers do not virtually
begin, such as during the period between June 12 and 30 in the
exemplified locations,) it is still farz to perform the two prayers
either by using a method called 'aqrab-i-bilâd', which means
'locational proximity', and thereby performing them within the
times they are being performed at the closest location where they
are being performed because it is beyond the exempted zone, or by
using the method termed 'aqrab-i- leyâlî', which means 'proximity
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