O Son !
THE BOOK ‘O SON’ Al-hamdu lillâhi Rabbil ’âlamîn. Wa-s-salâtu wa-s-salâmu ’alâ Rasûlinâ Muhammadin wa Âlihi wa Sahbihi ajma’în. 1– O son! Collecting from books written by the scholars of the Hanafî Madhhab three hundred and sixty hadîth-i-sherîfs and forty-four khabars and also the seven essentials and the five rukns and the seven wâjibs and the fourteen sunnats and the twenty-five mustahabs and the fourteen mufsids of namâz, I have explained them for you. Adapt your acts and deeds to these teachings so that you attain fayz and nejât (salvation)! 2– Also for your information, I have collected a thousand and ninety âdâb (adabs) for you and for other young Muslims like you. If you adapt your actions and acts of worship to these teachings, they will be sufficient for you. If you laze, disobey Allâhu ta’âlâ and cease from these practices and manners, you will be afflicted with slavery and disgrace in the world and subjected to torment in the world to come. If you live up to them and advise your Muslim brothers to do the same, it will be useful for you. They will say blessings over you. And Haqq ta’âlâ will accept their invocations. For, a slave will be pardoned on account of another slave’s invocations for them.
THE BOOK ‘O SON’
Al-hamdu lillâhi Rabbil ’âlamîn. Wa-s-salâtu wa-s-salâmu ’alâ
Rasûlinâ Muhammadin wa Âlihi wa Sahbihi ajma’în.
1– O son! Collecting from books written by the scholars of the
Hanafî Madhhab three hundred and sixty hadîth-i-sherîfs and
forty-four khabars and also the seven essentials and the five rukns
and the seven wâjibs and the fourteen sunnats and the twenty-five
mustahabs and the fourteen mufsids of namâz, I have explained
them for you. Adapt your acts and deeds to these teachings so that
you attain fayz and nejât (salvation)!
2– Also for your information, I have collected a thousand and
ninety âdâb (adabs) for you and for other young Muslims like you.
If you adapt your actions and acts of worship to these teachings,
they will be sufficient for you. If you laze, disobey Allâhu ta’âlâ
and cease from these practices and manners, you will be afflicted
with slavery and disgrace in the world and subjected to torment in
the world to come.
If you live up to them and advise your Muslim brothers to do
the same, it will be useful for you. They will say blessings over you.
And Haqq ta’âlâ will accept their invocations. For, a slave will be
pardoned on account of another slave’s invocations for them.
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1:56=12:42=12.7 hours. The difference in declination for this<br />
interval is (17/24)x12.7=9'. Differences of declination must be<br />
added to the calculation in determining the prayer times.<br />
Accordingly the declination becomes +15°58', since it is on the<br />
increase in May.<br />
There is another formula, more suitable to scientific<br />
calculators, for finding the angle of fadl-i dâir, the hour angle, H:<br />
cos H = _______________________<br />
sin h ± (sin ∞ x sin ª)<br />
(3)<br />
cos ∞ x cos ª<br />
where h is the altitude, ∞ is declination and ª is latitude. Hence<br />
cos H =<br />
______________________________<br />
sin 49°10' -[sin (15°58')x sin (41°)]<br />
cos 15°58' x cos 41°<br />
= 0.7566 ______________________ - (0.2750 x 0.6561) = ______________<br />
0.7566 - 0.1805<br />
0.9614 x 0.7547 0.7256<br />
= _______<br />
0.5762 = 0.7940<br />
0.7256<br />
This gives H=37°26' and, dividing this by 15, we get fadl-i dâir<br />
to be 2 hours 30 minutes, which is in true solar time. To obtain this<br />
result, the following keys of a Privilege calculator are depressed:<br />
CE/C 15.58 µ cos x 41 cos = MS 49.10 µ sin -<br />
15.58 µ sin x 41 sin = ÷ MR = arc cos x 4 = 149.7 minutes<br />
of time, which is the result read on the screen.<br />
Since the equation of time is +3 minutes on May 4, it is 2:31 in<br />
standard time; hence we see that our clock is approximately 7<br />
minutes fast.<br />
In equation (3), the absolute values of the variables were<br />
equated with cos H. If the terrestrial site of the city and the<br />
celestial position of the Sun are on the same hemisphere, i.e., if the<br />
latitude of the city and the declination of the Sun have the same<br />
sign, the (-) sign in the numerator of the formula is used when the<br />
Sun is above the horizon, i.e., for diurnal computations, whereas<br />
the (+) sign is used in nocturnal calculations. If vice versa, the<br />
opposite is done. Fadl-i dâir calculated in this way is the interval<br />
– 83 –
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