The Consequences of Insufficient Household Income

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THE UNITED WAY ALICE PROJECT The United Way ALICE Project provides a framework, language, and tools to measure and understand the struggles of the growing number of households in our communities that do not earn enough to afford basic necessities, a population called ALICE (Asset Limited, Income Constrained, Employed). This research initiative partners with more than 450 United Way organizations across the country to present data that can stimulate meaningful discussion, attract new partners, and ultimately inform strategies that create positive change. Based on the overwhelming success of this research in identifying and articulating the needs of this vulnerable population, the United Way ALICE Project has grown from a pilot in Morris County, New Jersey in 2009, to the entire state of New Jersey in 2012, to the national level with 15 states now participating. This new Consequences of Insufficient Household Income report provides a deeper level of understanding of the choices that ALICE and poverty-level families across the country make when they do not have enough income or assistance to afford basic necessities, and the consequences of those choices. This report is meant to inform a variety of policy solutions that can improve the lives of ALICE families in every state. United Ways along with policymakers, government employees, nonprofits, academics, and community organizations are using the ALICE data to better understand the struggles and needs of their employees, customers, and communities, and to discover innovative approaches that improve life for ALICE and the wider community. To access reports from all states, visit UnitedWayALICE.org States With United Way ALICE Reports Washington Oregon Idaho Nevada California Montana Wyoming Utah Colorado Arizona New Mexico North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas Oklahoma Minnesota Iowa Wisconsin Michigan New York New Hampshire Vermont Maine Massachusetts Pennsylvania Rhode Island Illinois Indiana Ohio Connecticut New Jersey West Delaware Missouri Virginia Kentucky Virginia Maryland District of Arkansas Tennessee North Columbia Carolina Texas Georgia South Carolina Louisiana Alabama Mississippi Florida Alaska Hawaii i UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – THE CONSEQUENCES OF INSUFFICIENT HOUSEHOLD INCOME
THE ALICE RESEARCH TEAM The United Way ALICE Project provides high-quality, research-based information to foster a better understanding of who is struggling in our communities. To produce this Consequences of Insufficient Household Income report, a team of researchers collaborated with a National Research Advisory Committee, composed of 15 representatives from many of the states participating in the Project. This collaborative model ensures that the Report represents the issues and consequences in all of the states included. Lead Researcher Stephanie Hoopes, Ph.D., is the lead researcher and director of the United Way ALICE Project. Dr. Hoopes’ research focuses on the circumstances of low-income households, and has garnered both state and national media attention. She has overseen the expansion of the Project from a pilot study of one county to a broadbased initiative that covers 16 states. Before joining the staff of United Way of Northern New Jersey in 2015, Dr. Hoopes was an assistant professor at the School of Public Affairs and Administration (SPAA), Rutgers University-Newark, from 2011 to 2015. SPAA continues to support the United Way ALICE Project with access to research resources. Dr. Hoopes has a doctorate from the London School of Economics. Research Support and Production Team Andrew Abrahamson • Aliyah Baruchin • Andrea Conway • Helen McGinnis Tracy Sica • Dan Treglia, Ph.D. National ALICE Research Advisory Committee Stuart Anderson, Ph.D. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, Florida Andrew Bradley Indiana Institute for Working Families, Indiana Glennda M. Bivens, M.Ed. Iowa State University, Iowa David Callejo Pérez, Ed.D. Saginaw Valley State University, Michigan Jill Hoiting Supporting Families Together Association, Wisconsin Matthew Krzyzek Connecticut Department of Labor, Connecticut David Lee Feeding Wisconsin, Wisconsin Ali Modarres, Ph.D. University of Washington, Tacoma, Washington Jan Moller Louisiana Budget Project, Louisiana Guillermo Montes, Ph.D. Children’s Institute, New York Robin Perry, Ph.D. Florida A&M University, Florida Brian Pittelko, M.P.A. W.E. Upjohn Institute for Employment Research, Michigan Luke Shaefer, Ph.D. University of Michigan, Michigan Joshua Simons, M.P.A. State University of New York at New Paltz, New York Adrienne C. Slack Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta – New Orleans Branch, Louisiana NATIONAL ALICE ADVISORY COUNCIL The following companies are major funders and supporters of the United Way ALICE Project. Aetna Foundation • AT&T • Atlantic Health System • Deloitte • Entergy Johnson & Johnson • KeyBank • Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation • OneMain Financial RWJBarnabas Health • Thrivent Financial Foundation • Union Bank & Trust • UPS • U.S. Venture UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT – THE CONSEQUENCES OF INSUFFICIENT HOUSEHOLD INCOME ii
Page 1: ALICE: THE CONSEQUENCES OF INSUFFIC
Page 5 and 6: ALICE: BRINGING HARDSHIP INTO FOCUS
Page 7 and 8: TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION ....
Page 9 and 10: ...AND FOR ALL FAMILIES IMPACT ON T
Page 11 and 12: • The ALICE Threshold - a bare-mi
Page 13 and 14: The purpose of this report is to pr
Page 15 and 16: Figure 3. Monthly Housing Costs and
Page 17 and 18: In 2014, the U.S. states with the h
Page 19 and 20: No mother ever envisions finding he
Page 21 and 22: Long-term effects on health and wel
Page 23 and 24: friends grew to 7.7 million people
Page 25 and 26: twice as much as redevelopment of i
Page 27 and 28: UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT - THE CONSE
Page 29 and 30: Figure 5. Monthly Child Care Costs
Page 31 and 32: and accredited child care center fo
Page 33 and 34: Having a child with special needs h
Page 35 and 36: The slow progress in national enrol
Page 37 and 38: Loss of education advancement: Near
Page 39 and 40: Strategy 8: Drop out of High School
Page 41 and 42: time students and 76 percent of par
Page 43 and 44: • Closing the education achieveme
Page 45 and 46: UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT - THE CONSE
Page 47 and 48: Figure 7. Monthly Food Costs and Pe
Page 49 and 50: • For children, lack of sufficien
Page 51 and 52: Stigma: For many families, using pu
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FUTURE TRENDS: FEEDING ALICE More y
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UNITED WAY ALICE REPORT - THE CONSE
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$26,960 annually (if full time, yea
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Difficulty accessing health care: U
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Despite working full time (and havi
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Additional costs of longer commutes
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• Health and financial stability
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of seniors living in poverty have h
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educational consequences of untreat
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survey said cost was the primary re
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had to use their own money or modif
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others, such as caregivers of elder
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the minimum income required to rece
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In the states with the most regress
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children under the age of 18 make u
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• Assistance. Public and nonprofi
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Aron, L., Honberg, R., & Duckworth,
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Carnevale, A., Rose, S., & Cheah, B
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Cunningham, A., & Kienzl, G. (2011)
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Glover, R., Miller, J., & Sadowski,
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Johnson, R. (2015). Housing Costs a
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Mayer, C., & Pence, K. (2008). Subp
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Perez, G. (2016). Latino State of E
Page 107 and 108:
Stetser, M., & Stillwell, R. (2014,
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United Way ALICE Project. (2016). 2
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