RPR_FY2015_08

CO2 emissions from energy consumption (including electricity) per ton
of cement
From an energy efficiency view, the most important indicator is the average
energy consumption per ton of clinker produced. For most countries, the indicator
shows a downward trend in the energy intensity of clinker production between 1990
and 2011 (Figure A3.2). The reason for this downward trend has largely been due to
the shift from wet-process to dry-process cement kilns, coupled with the
replacement of older dry kilns by the latest technology using pre-heaters and precalciners.
Using consistent definitions and boundaries across all countries, it can be
seen that the average energy consumption per ton of clinker in China is currently
about 3.45 GJ per ton whereas the European Union, Canada, and the United States
all use around 3.8–4.0 GJ per ton of clinker.
Figure A3.2 Energy Consumption per Ton of Clinker by Country
Source: IEA (2014), Energy Efficiency Indicators: Essentials for Policy Making. Paris.
Cement companies are investing in low-consumption technologies to be
more competitive as they can reduce energy consumption and thus lower the
production cost. Moreover, legislation in terms of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions
as well as local pollution often pushes industry to be cleaner and more energyconcerned.
Today’s state-of-the-art dry rotary kilns are fairly fuel efficient, using
around 2.9–3.0 GJ per ton of clinker.
76 | Annex 3