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This analysis shows that sodium has only one electron in its outer level. The nearest rare gas is neon<br />
with 8 electron in the outer energy level. Therefore, this electron is lost so that there are now eight<br />
electrons in the outer energy level, and the Bohr diagrams and Lewis symbols for sodium ion and<br />
neon are identical. The octet rule is satisfied.<br />
Ion Charge?<br />
What is the charge on sodium ion as a result of losing one electron? A comparison of the atom and<br />
the ion will yield this answer.<br />
Sodium Atom<br />
Sodium Ion<br />
11 p+ to revert to 11 p + Protons are identical in<br />
12 n an octet 12 n<br />
the atom and ion.<br />
11 e- lose 1 electron 10 e-<br />
Positive charge is<br />
caused by lack of<br />
0 charge + 1 charge<br />
electrons.<br />
Formation of Negative Ions<br />
How will fluorine complete its octet?<br />
First examine the electron arrangement of the atom. The atomic number is nine, therefore, there are<br />
nine electrons and nine protons on the neutral fluorine atom. Here is the Bohr diagram and Lewis<br />
symbol for fluorine:<br />
This analysis shows that fluorine already has seven electrons in its outer level. The nearest rare gas<br />
is neon with 8 electron in the outer energy level. Therefore only one additional electron is needed to<br />
complete the octet in the fluorine atom to make the fluoride ion. If the one electron is added, the Bohr<br />
diagrams and Lewis symbols for fluorine and neon are identical. The octet rule is satisfied.<br />
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