Chalkbrood - Status Today and Hopes for Control' - Golden Rule Honey

fed,-l.cpis.Irrthepresenttest.alltllutntniesfouncrverervhite(unnrated)
to gray (p'obablyi ;",rrliiil""t-"i"i"i "na uttn',ut"d strains)' Othe. than
the :l]uurtuies. onl| i';;;11 and 1-;;t;;;ized.larva inoculated u'ith
" live A. apis ,r-o.i.'JO;;:^;;";if-r a. In thcse 2 lar'ae, A' cpfs
"r "pis.
grerv fronr tt," n,o'itri'ltt'i=' anC th.r;;gh'tho cuticle' None of the other
inoculated insects-fieiCed at'ty grorvth of A' apis'
Eggs, ptpuu,'anC the- snrallest larvae of the honey bee are not
-i,rfection
susceptible to tarJritoi-y r'-ittt ,r- apis- Ilteciurn and larrge larvae
ancl prel:uoo" il;" i;ftu
"'i"t'!"J&'ibl;;';;A
'3f" :h" tnost susceptible'
Also, all three of these age groups *t*ptible natural infections'
"t:" 'to
the colony f.or,.'.uti"t, tfiuri inr'u"tJ'*ete obtained had no visible signs
ofchalkbrooeai*ur"."e"rtupr,a.apisresidesrvithinbeecolonies
withour causing;;;;J.ii.,,
oi disease until the prope. conditions
exist.Itchil}ingisanecessaryprerequisite-fo-rinfectionrvithour
strain(s)ofA-op;sus*'ithEuropeanstrains(BAILEY'1967)'this'conclition
should be rnet b,v our p'ot"J*"t for removal of brood fr:om the
co:t-rb and surface sterillation. Horvever, itt Arizona-rve have noted heavy
year-round infections of larvae' even rvhen the average monthly
tetnperaturu, u'J'z!;C' Strains of a' apis found in Arizona may thus
difter from those ,"p".tJ irom Europe. w" ut. norv investigating this
question'
'- Acknorvledgernent
We thank Dinorah DUNHAI\{ anC Leslie CAPIN for their excellent
technical assistance rvith brooC in the incubator'
REFERENCES
'.'*"L""!;.onlnii; *,fn?".i'ii*1eo'o,:lTg'lfi:i--"??r^::i'::i11i$;tt1it.,ii+#*t'i,+i1";
logy ancl rliccoolat^"'co'itrol;' -;a'- P' A' van der LaarL p' rui
Amsterdan)
records or Ascosphoera aPis rrom North
B-\KER. G. M.'ni;"rT;n,TlFftl?-rl3ot"
- :*"
B.{RT.i{EL, 8., 19lr' auf der spur' c.arten u' ]Kileinllerzucl" c' lmker' t'
-'Jtt-*t'*orut
t'2-13
DE JONG D.' R" A' IIORSE' l9i6' Cha'lk brbo't : a nelv disease' N' Y' Food Lite Sci"
-
9, 12-11
G'{RY''r\.'*aT;'}T'^fi!f;1"1"?.':;' ,'TjX- t161' - Honev be3 (Apis merriterd r''}
'rarvae
ln con-
c,r""*.. -, l.-:*jn":it"ii;'.U; r:."r',?'i9.i5l':s
tinous be3 P':'cou(
r,tcrco"x. {, p,. y;:tigtth{:f ,,1% -
United Statei' Ar
}r.\Tusr, F.. l. ?tF,?,"fr:
an'r diserscs
.encountered
cn"'x brood disease or honev bees in the
d'isease jJl Hungar!')' rrasvat Aua'
t*,"::""-oithalkbrood'
uber die *"':o"". (Poric)'stis-ltvhose) der Bienen' Arch' Btenen'
"";L;
""ntofrl?a"l;i,'r?'r:rr?
RoussY, L., 1962 * Nouvette contributisn a l'€tude du Pericystis apis (Ir'\)' Gaz' Aplcole'
63, r0r-105
T-{*BER. s. III' 196r - Fcrceps design for trsrLsferring honey bee eggs' J' Eeon' Entotnol"
51' 21i-258
T-{BERAS'eII';"1
J' MrI-Ls' tt:t' A possible coitrol lor chalk brood di-se3se'
,:,^ifi"ff'
:
rHNAs.
S;,,*;",i jk:1.ll";J,Sl ,:otif;:uiJ;r:"i::' T"iS'#"":3""?1""J: tli''t"1lii$ff
-in'tir. see i.' rrz' ge-90
458