Chalkbrood - Status Today and Hopes for Control' - Golden Rule Honey
Chalkbrood - Status Today and Hopes for Control' - Golden Rule Honey
Chalkbrood - Status Today and Hopes for Control' - Golden Rule Honey
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TR}}.\'I}II]NT' GROUIJS OF EGGS, L.{R,1/AE, AND PUPAE<br />
ASCOSPTIAER-A APISA<br />
Treatlnent<br />
Eggs<br />
Live A. apis-m:rted<br />
l,ive,4. opis-trnnr;rted<br />
Dead ;1. ripis-mrted<br />
De:rd 11. npis-unrnated<br />
Sntoll lcrt'ae<br />
Live ;1. npis-ntated<br />
LiYe ll. apis-nrated<br />
Live,4. npis-rrnmatecl<br />
Live zt. npis-unnrated<br />
Dea'd A. opis-mated<br />
Dea'C ;1. apis-ntated<br />
Dead ,4. cpis-unmated<br />
Dead .r1. cpis-unntatecl<br />
Medium lartae<br />
Live ;L. apis-mated<br />
Live A. apis-mated<br />
Live ,4. apis-unmated<br />
Lit'e,4. opis-unrnated<br />
Dead ;l. cpis-rnated<br />
Dead rl. crpi.s-nrated<br />
Dead -4. crpis-unrnated<br />
Dead A. cpis-unnr:rted<br />
Large lort:ae<br />
Live A. opis-nratecl<br />
Live ;1. cpis-matecl<br />
Live zt. cpis-trnmated<br />
Live A. opis-r:nmated<br />
DeaC ,4. npis-rnated<br />
a 5 insect.s per tt*rtment<br />
Bociy<br />
ISody<br />
Ilody<br />
Body<br />
INOCUL.{'TED l\'I'rH<br />
Table<br />
Site of<br />
I.nocu lation Treatment Site of<br />
Inocu,lation<br />
Rack<br />
Xloutlrparts<br />
Ilack<br />
Moutlrltarts<br />
Back<br />
Mouthparts<br />
Ilack<br />
Mouthpalts<br />
tslck<br />
Mouthparts<br />
Back<br />
l{outlrparts<br />
Back<br />
Mouthparts<br />
Back<br />
Mouthl;:u.ts<br />
B:rck<br />
IVIoUtlrpar.ts<br />
Ilack<br />
l,{oullrparts<br />
Back<br />
De;r'd l. opis-nratecl<br />
Deircl -,1. cpi.s-unnt:rted<br />
Dead,4. apis-unnr:rted<br />
Prepultae<br />
Live ;1. opis-materd<br />
Lir-e .1. apis-mated<br />
Lite' ;1. cpis-lrnm;rted<br />
Live ;1. cpi;-unntatecl<br />
I)ea:l rl. opis-matecl<br />
Dea,C -.1. apis-nrated<br />
De:rd,4. opis-unn-rated<br />
Dead ,zl. apis-unmated<br />
Pupce-No Eqe Color<br />
Live ,,1. apis-mated<br />
Live -;1. apis-mated<br />
Live .21. cpis-unmated<br />
Live ,4. apis-unntated<br />
I)eacl rI. opis-mated<br />
f)ead -.1. cpis-n-rated<br />
Dead ;1. cpis-unntatecl<br />
f)e:rd A. opis-unrnatecl<br />
Pupae-Eye Color<br />
Live .1. opis-rnated<br />
Live .1. cpis-mated<br />
Live ;1. cpis-unmatecl<br />
Live :1. apis-rrnntatecl<br />
De:rd rl. cpis-mated<br />
Dead .,I. apis-muted<br />
Dead ,4. apis-unmated<br />
De'ad A. cpis-unmated<br />
Motrtlrltarts<br />
llack<br />
Mouthparts<br />
Iiacli<br />
Moutlrlr;rr-ts<br />
llacli<br />
I\{or,r tlrpirrts<br />
Llack<br />
Moutlrparts<br />
tlack<br />
lUoutltparts<br />
Back<br />
1!Ioutl'rparts<br />
Back<br />
N{outhlrarts<br />
Back<br />
l\{outl-rptrrts<br />
Back<br />
Mouthpar.ts<br />
Bacli<br />
Mouthirarts<br />
Back<br />
l\{outhparts<br />
Ba,ck<br />
nlontlrparts<br />
B:l,ck<br />
Mou.tl-rparts<br />
12, 5 $'e|e mecliLur.l-sizeci larvae, 5 u,ere lalge larvae. alrcl 2 1,e1e irle_<br />
puPae. 'lhe|e<strong>for</strong>e, b1' exllerimental inoculation, olle nrunpl)' was lll'ocluced<br />
in the mecliur.n-sizecl larvae, B in the iarge lan.zre. <strong>and</strong> 5 in the<br />
ill'ePlU)iie. Thlts. n-iore lrulltllies were llrodLlceal fronl lar.ge larvae though<br />
fe*r 'u'r.-ries rvere l)rodll(:ed in any ltrr.r-ae on l)rer)aLle. I)e .IoNG a'cl<br />
MORSE (1976) also observecl rvicle val'iation ir-i infec.tion rirlcs oI lar.\-ae<br />
lcd "1. api.s. In.the llresent test. all nrunrr.nies loun(l \\'ere \\.llite (r-rqprtricrl)<br />
to gra)'(pt'obablf il l'ltixtLtre of ,matecl eln(l unn-rirteil strtrins). Othel tlarr<br />
the trrutntrlies, onlr' l srnall ancl l nterliunr-size(i lar'\.lt inocr,rlatcd u.ith<br />
li'e 11.. opis siro\\'ed an' g.o1\'t,h of .1. .pis. ln tlrese 2 la.r,ae. .1. 'pi,s<br />
/i)
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