Chalkbrood - Status Today and Hopes for Control' - Golden Rule Honey

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Figure 5.1 . Chalkbrood in rvorker brood ' (Photo b1' M' V' Snrith)
hktci. Later in 1919 she examined the chalkbrood funSus and noted
that it rvas not identicai to Pericqstis aluei'
subsequently, detailecl mycological observations on Pcricyslis
npis rvere repo;ted by Varitchak (1933) in France, Maurizio (7934,
1g35) in s$,itzerland, and Prokschl (1953) in Austria. Moreover,
N4aurizio (7934,1935) demonstrated that there lYere t1\ro morPhologically
different types of Perinlstis apls. Each lvas heterothallic
and capable of causing chalkbrood disease. The trvo varieties \\,ere
not capable of beir-rg crossed with olle another' One varicty, the
usual one in primary cases of chalkbrood (cases of actual outbreaks
of the clisease in the bee colony), had small cysts. Thc other, more
commonly found in secondary cases (rvhere the fungtls developed
on coml.)s th.-rt had been kept outside the hive), had much larger
c1.sts arrd rvas stalked. This large-fruitecl variety preferred lorv
tcnrpett-rttrres, especialll' during c\'si fornlation' The optimum tenrpurnt,-,r"
for cysi formation in the large'-fruitc'd varicty \vas 20"
-elsius, and irr the small-fruitecl r'ariet;', 30'Celsirrs'
Prirkschl (1953) clesigrrated the snrall-frr,ritercl form, originally
narrred Prrioptis apis, as Pericy-slis c;ris variety 'tlrtor (Maasst-n)
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