Swidden Agriculture: Ancient Systems in Transition Sustaining Food ...

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Soil responses to cultivation: • vary with cultivation and fallow lengths and burn intensities General effects over time include: • < pH, nutrients & organic matter • > weeds � yields decline � land fallowed � vegetation regrowth � nutrient accumulate in biomass, weeds suppressed in San Vicente swiddens Siebert (1987)
Summary attributes of integral swidden systems • adapted to nutrient limited sites (esp. acid, infertile tropical soils) • wide climatic adaptability (seasonally dry � perhumid) • vegetation includes: - crops – highly variable, site-specific, production for hh & market - fallow – bush (3-5 yr) � forest (15-20 yr), site & climate dependent - weeds – minimal if long fallow • native flora, ecosystem processes & regeneration paths maintained • natural/biological control of insects & disease pathogens • high biodiversity conservation value (habitat & connectivity) • use & management: - relatively low capital & labor - knowledge & experience intensive (TEKP) - regulated via social norms, cultural traditions & religious practices
Page 1 and 2: Swidden Agriculture: Ancient System
Page 3 and 4: fallow regrowth planting Swidden Cy
Page 5 and 6: In integral swidden systems farm pa
Page 7 and 8: Men are reportedly responsible for
Page 9 and 10: Planting Planting occurs immediatel
Page 11 and 12: Weed management Weeds rarely establ
Page 13 and 14: Crops Swidden farmers cultivate cro
Page 15: Swidden fallow vegetation includes:
Page 19 and 20: Summary attributes of incipient sla
Page 21 and 22: The many different factors and unde
Page 23 and 24: Integral swidden systems can be tho
Page 25 and 26: Regeneration of biomass following d
Page 27 and 28: Integral swidden practices have bee
Page 29 and 30: Comparison of integral & incipient
Page 31 and 32: Discussion topics and questions: 1)
Page 33 and 34: 5) Swidden and the future a) where
Page 35 and 36: Recommended readings: Belsky, J. 19

Swidden Agriculture: Ancient Systems in Transition Sustaining Food ...

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