Swidden Agriculture: Ancient Systems in Transition Sustaining Food ...

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Incipient slash and burn farming Integral long fallow swidden systems are now largely a memory. Inhabitants of a few remote areas in Amazonia and Southeast Asia may still practice integral swidden, but elsewhere these systems have disappeared as a result of cultural change, lack of available land, emerging market opportunities, destructive logging practices, establishment of large plantations, government policies, and competition with recent migrants who lack the requisite TEKP. Integral swidden practices have been replaced by what Conklin called incipient shifting cultivators, or what others refer to as slash and burn. Incipient slash and burn farming is characterized by: • a lack of knowledge and experience (TEKP), • continuous and/or more intensive cultivation, • large clearings with few/no trees retained, • no or short fallows, and • repeated burning Incipient slash and burn is unsustainable, results in widespread establishment of invasive weeds and often creates a wave or front of forest conversion. Belize
Summary attributes of incipient slash & burn: • destructive & unsustainable, leads to extensive forest conversion • facilitates establishment of exotic invasive species (e.g., Imperata cylindrica) • widespread/global (tropical) phenomena Slash & burn frontier, Sulawesi
Page 1 and 2: Swidden Agriculture: Ancient System
Page 3 and 4: fallow regrowth planting Swidden Cy
Page 5 and 6: In integral swidden systems farm pa
Page 7 and 8: Men are reportedly responsible for
Page 9 and 10: Planting Planting occurs immediatel
Page 11 and 12: Weed management Weeds rarely establ
Page 13 and 14: Crops Swidden farmers cultivate cro
Page 15 and 16: Swidden fallow vegetation includes:
Page 17: Summary attributes of integral swid
Page 21 and 22: The many different factors and unde
Page 23 and 24: Integral swidden systems can be tho
Page 25 and 26: Regeneration of biomass following d
Page 27 and 28: Integral swidden practices have bee
Page 29 and 30: Comparison of integral & incipient
Page 31 and 32: Discussion topics and questions: 1)
Page 33 and 34: 5) Swidden and the future a) where
Page 35 and 36: Recommended readings: Belsky, J. 19

Swidden Agriculture: Ancient Systems in Transition Sustaining Food ...

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