September/October 2017

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SWP range (bars) General Stress Level Baseline consideration Water stress symptoms in almond Higher than –2 None (Likely above typical baseline) -2 to –4 None At or above typical baseline -4 to –6 Minimal May equal or be as much as 2 bars below typical baseline -6 to –8 Mild May equal baseline under hot, dry conditions, but may be 2 to 4 bars below baseline under -8 to –10 Moderate May be 1 to 2 bars below baseline under hot, dry conditions but 4 to 6 bars below baseline under normal or cooler weather -10 to –12 High Likely 3 to 4 bars below baseline under hot, dry conditions and 6 to 8 bars below baseline in normal or cooler weather. -12 to –14 Very High Likely 5 to 6 bars below baseline under hot, dry conditions and 8 to 10 bars below baseline in normal or cooler weather. -14 to –18 Severe Likely 7 to 8 bars below baseline under hot, dry conditions and 10 to 12 bars below baseline in normal or cooler weather. Below -18 Extreme (Substantially below baseline under all conditions) (Not commonly observed) Fully irrigated. Commonly observed when orchards are irrigated according to estimates of real-time evapotranspiration (ETc). If sustained, long term root and tree health may be a concern, especially on California Black rootstock High rate of shoot growth visible, suggested level from leafout until mid-June when nut sizing is completed Shoot growth in non-bearing and bearing trees has been observed to decline. These levels do not appear to affect kernel development or quality. Shoot growth in non-bearing trees may stop, nut sizing may be reduced in bearing trees and bud development for next season may be negatively affected. Temporary wilting of leaves and shrivel of hulls has been observed. New shoot growth may be sparse or absent and some defoliation may be evident. If sustained, nut size will likely be reduced with darker kernel color. Results in moderate defoliation. Should be avoided. Severe defoliation, trees are likely dying. (Trees are probably dead or dying) Table 5. SWP levels in walnut, consideration of how SWP might compare to baseline values under various weather conditions, and the corresponding water stress symptoms to expect. Continued from Page 40 surements might indicate moderate to high tree stress even when soil moisture sensors placed within the wetted pattern of the drip emitter show high soil moisture content. In this case, additional investigation is necessary to determine if roots are healthy and growing, and if the soil moisture sensors accurately represent the root zone and predominant soil types or if the sensors are defective. Acknowledgements Numerous (too many to mention all) University of California faculty and students, extension specialists and farm advisors have invested years of field research to develop the pressure chamber and midday stem water potential as a viable on-farm water management tool for almond, prune, and walnut. This article would not be possible without their contributions and seeks to capture all of the experience as accurately and concisely as possible. Special thanks to Ken Shackel, Bruce Lampinen, and Sam Metcalf of UC Davis Department of Plant Sciences for their career long commitment to seeing the pressure chamber and midday stem water developed into a valuable water management tool. Comments about this article? We want to hear from you. Feel free to email us at article@jcsmarketinginc.com 42 Progressive Crop Consultant September/October 2017
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Page 1 and 2: September/October 2017 The Pressure
Page 3 and 4: 4 UPCOMING EVENTS: South Valley Nut
Page 5 and 6: atmosphere (less than -40 bars). Lo
Page 7 and 8: ADVERTORIAL THE GROWING THREAT OF H
Page 9 and 10: The importance of bagging or coveri
Page 11 and 12: Liquid Nutrients High Phos TM 8-25-
Page 13 and 14: the entire foliar canopy can collap
Page 15 and 16: Symptoms Macrophomina Fusarium Phyt
Page 17 and 18: ADVERTORIAL Higher Almond Yields wi
Page 19 and 20: Table: Active ingredients and trade
Page 21 and 22: site-specific, pre-application reco
Page 23 and 24: need to have the following items:
Page 25 and 26: PUT YOUR ALMONDS TO BED WITH THE RI
Page 27 and 28: Figure 3 (pg. 26) perfectly illustr
Page 29 and 30: ADVERTORIAL NEMATODES: ROOT HEALTH
Page 31 and 32: even if the human eye cannot see th
Page 33 and 34: Please Visit us at the CAPCA Confer
Page 35 and 36: CE Credits Offered CCA: 4 Hours PCA
Page 37 and 38: CE Credits Offered CCA: 4 Hours PCA
Page 39 and 40: and SWP may also assist with minimi
Page 41: ADVERTORIAL Ensure season-long cont

September/October 2017

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