The Asian Independent 16 Oct to 31 Oct 2019

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14 16-10-2019 to 31-10-2019 HEALTH www.theasianindependent.co.uk Healthier diet may reduce depression risk : Study Melbourne : Eating a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, fish, and lean meat is associated with a reduced risk of depression, according to a study. The research, published in the journal PLOS ONE, found that young adults with depression whose diet is Resting after traumatic event may improve mental recovery: Study usually unhealthy showed significantly fewer symptoms of depression after eating a healthy diet for three weeks. Researchers from Macquarie University in Australia, and colleagues studied 76 university students aged between 17 and 35 years. They exhibited moderate-to-high depression symptoms and followed a poor diet based on the Australian Guide to Healthy Eating—high in processed foods, sugar, and saturated fats. The researchers randomised participants into a “diet change” group or a “regular diet” group. The diet change group was given brief instructions on improving their diet, as well as a healthy food hamper and 60 dollars towards future groceries. Each group member also received two subsequent check-ins via phone call. The regular diet group did not get any diet instructions and was simply asked to return after the three weeks were up. Before and after the intervention, the researchers assessed participants’ scores for depression, anxiety and overall mood, and their performance on several learning and reasoning tasks. At the end of the three weeks, the diet change group had successfully maintained a healthy diet and showed significant improvement in mood, with depression scores shifting into the normal range. The regular diet group’s depression scores remained stable in the moderateto-high range. The diet change group also showed significantly lower anxiety scores than the regular diet group, though other measures were not significantly different between the groups. The researchers followed up with 33 of the participants after three months. In this small sample, they found that while only 21 per cent of these participants fully maintained the healthy diet, those that did maintained their improvements in mood. The researchers noted that the findings are derived from a small, specific population of university students. However, they provide preliminary evidence that relatively small, simple diet adjustments can directly improve depression symptoms, and that these effects can last up to three months. Watch your weight before 40, ELSE FACE CANCER RISK LONDON - A period of rest following a traumatic event can boost mental recovery from negative memories, according to a study which may help develop new treatment approaches for Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). The study, published in the journal Scientific Reports, revealed the neurological mechanisms at play when some people develop memory disturbances following trauma, while others do not. The researchers, including those from University College London (UCL) in the UK, presented 85 participants with emotionally negative videos, after which they were either given a period of wakeful rest, or a simple control task requiring them to pay attention to numbers on a screen. The videos had highly emotional content such as badly injured people, or serious accidents, the study noted. According to the researchers, participants who had a period of rest after viewing the videos reported fewer memory intrusions over the following week. On the contrary, there was no difference between rest and the simple control task on a memory test that assessed how much the participants remembered when they wanted to. The researchers mentioned that rest and certain phases of sleep increased processing in the hippocampus—the brain region responsible for memory, which placed memories in context. They suggested that a strengthening of this contextual memory system was beneficial in preventing involuntary memory intrusions following trauma. "The coherence of memories is often compromised when people are exposed to psychological trauma, resulting in emotional memories popping up involuntarily and out of context," said co-author Neil Burgess of UCL. However, Burgess added that the binding of an event memory with its context may be partly restored with rest, facilitating deliberate control of the memory. The researchers mentioned that specific brain systems could be targeted to reduce the development of PTSD, as treatments focusing on re-exposure and integrating the trauma with other information are beneficial. "Our findings contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms that are at play when some people develop memory disturbances following trauma while others do not," said co-author of the study Lone Horlyck from UCL. LONDON : Researchers have found that being overweight before the age of 40 could increase the risk of various cancers in adults. "Obesity is an established risk factor for several cancers. In this study, we have focused on the degree, timing and duration of overweight and obesity in relation to cancer risk," said study author Tone Bjorge, Professor at University of Bergen in Norway. For the findings, published in the International Journal of Epidemiology, the research team wanted to find out how adult overweight (BMI over 25) and obesity (BMI over 30) increase the risk of different types of cancer. The researchers used data for 2,20,000 individuals from the Me-Can study, with participants from Norway, Sweden and Austria. Data from health examinations, including information on height and weight, were linked to data from national cancer registries. According to the researchers, 27,881 Canberra : Researchers from the University of Melbourne have found that rotavirus infection might play a role in the development of type 1 diabetes. Rotavirus remains the major cause of infantile gastroenteritis worldwide, although the advent of vaccination has substantially decreased associated mortality. Following the recent introduction of rotavirus vaccination, there has been a 15 per cent decrease in the incidence of type 1 diabetes in Australian children under four years of age. “Vaccination against rotavirus may have the additional benefit in some children of being a primary prevention for type 1 diabetes,” said the study’s lead author Leonard C. Harrison. The study published in the journal PLOS suggested that rotavirus vaccination could contribute to the primary prevention individuals were diagnosed with cancer during follow-up, of which 9,761 (35 per cent) were obesity-related. The study showed that if you were overweight before age 40, the risk of developing cancer increases by: 70 per cent for endometrial cancer, 58 per cent for male renal-cell cancer, 29 per cent for male colon cancer and 15 per cent for all of this autoimmune disease. This finding complements human and animal studies implicating rotavirus in the development of obesity-related cancers (both sexes). Obese participants (BMI over 30) at the first and second health examination had the highest risk of developing obesity-related cancer, compared to participants with normal BMI. "The risk increased by 64 per cent for male participants and 48 per cent for females," Bjorge added. Rotavirus linked to lower rates of type 1 diabetes type 1 diabetes in genetically susceptible children. In the article, the research team begin by reviewing molecular evidence supporting their hypothesis and point out the association between rotavirus infection and serum islet autoantibodies. The results showed that rotavirus infection-induced pancreatic pathology, as well as environmental factors that promote the rise in the incidence of type 1 diabetes. After reviewing population-level data, the study suggested that rotavirus vaccination might be associated with a decrease in the incidence of type 1 diabetes.According to the researchers, it will be important to identify which children are most likely to be protected by rotavirus vaccination. Moreover, future studies should aim to reveal disease mechanisms and directly demonstrate whether rotavirus infects human pancreas prior to the onset of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes.
www.theasianindependent.co.uk HEALTH 16-10-2019 to 31-10-2019 15 Heart attack and heart failure: Know the difference New Delhi - Heart attack, cardiac arrest, heart failure - all three refer to a health emergency involving the heart. And we often use the terms interchangeably, not knowing the difference between each of them. Dr Ashok Seth, Chairman of Fortis Escorts Heart Institute, and Head of Cardiology Council of Fortis Group of Hospitals explains how a heart attack differs from a heart failure. When the heart is unable to pump blood as well as it should it is called heart failure. Narrowed arteries in your heart or high blood pressure, leave the heart weak, stiff and unable to pump blood efficiently. The term "congestive heart failure" comes from blood backing up into or congesting the liver, abdomen, lower extremities and lungs. The symptoms of heart failure symptoms are shortness of breath (dyspnea) when you exert yourself or when you lie down; fatigue and weakness, swelling of abdomen, legs, ankles and feet, rapid or irregular heartbeat, reduced ability to exercise, persistent cough or wheezing with white or pink blood-tinged phlegm, increased need to urinate at night, sudden weight gain from fluid retention and nausea. Risk factors for heart failure, include coronary heart disease, heart attack, diabetes, high BP, some diabetic medications, irregular heartbeat, congenital heart defect, obesity and substance abuse. A heart attack, on the other hand, occurs when the flow of blood to the heart is blocked by a build-up of fat, cholesterol and other substances, leading to the formation of plaque in arteries, which feed the heart (coronary arteries). A heart attack is also called myocardial infarction. It can be fatal, but treatment has improved dramatically over the years. Some symptoms of a common heart attack include pressure, tightness, pain, or a squeezing or aching sensation in your chest or arms that may spread to your neck, jaw or back; indigestion, heartburn or abdominal pain; shortness of breath, cold sweat, fatigue, lightheadedness or sudden dizziness. The experience of pain may vary from person to person. Some people experience mild pain, others have more severe pain. Some people have no symptoms, while for others, the first sign may be sudden cardiac arrest. The earliest warning may be recurrent chest pain (angina) that's triggered by exertion and relieved by rest. A heart attack differs from a condition in which your heart suddenly stops (sudden cardiac arrest, which occurs when an electrical disturbance disrupts your heart's pumping action and causes blood to stop flowing to the rest of your body). Here are a few measures to be taken before a patient is shifted to a hospital: *Make the person sit down and calm. Loosen his/her clothing. * Transport the patient to the nearest hospital or ambulance service immediately. * Nothing should be given except for sublingual (under the tongue) or any other medication prescribed by the doctor. A tablet of aspirin helps to limit the damage. A 300 mg aspirin tablet chewed at the time of heart attack can reduce the mortality by 15 to 20 per cent. * If there is no breathing or pulse, give cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Immediately place the palm of your hand on the patient's chest just over the lower part of the sternum (breastbone) and press your hand in a pumping motion once or twice by using the other hand. WANT to cut food Light smoking still damages lungs: Study New York, People who smoke fewer than five cigarettes a day cause long-term damage to their lungs, according to a new research. “Many people assume that smoking a few cigarettes a day isn’t so bad, but it turns out that the difference in loss of lung function between someone who smokes five cigarettes a day versus two packs a day is relatively small,” said study lead author Elizabeth Oelsner, Assistant Professor at Columbia University Vagelos College in the US. For the study publsihed in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, the researchers looked specifically at lung function–the amount of air a person can breathe in and out–in smokers, ex-smokers, and neversmokers. Lung function declines naturally with age (starting in one’s 20s), and it’s well-known that smoking accelerates the decline. Because of the large number of people in the study–more than 25,000– researchers could see differences in lung function among light smokers (less than 5 cigarettes per day) and heavy smokers (more than 30 per day) that other studies have been unable to detect. Their analysis found that lung function in light smokers declines at a rate much closer to that of heavy smokers, as compared to non-smokers. This means that a light smoker could lose about the same amount of lung function in one year as a heavy smoker might lose in nine months. The study also tested an assumption, based on a 40-year-old study, that the rate of decline in lung capacity “normalises” within a few years of quitting smoking. The new study shows that although lung capacity declines at a much lower rate in ex-smokers than current smokers, the rate doesn’t normalise for at least 30 years. According to the researchers, light smokers may have a greater risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). intake? Dine alone London-If you are planning to cut down on your daily food intake to get into shape, better dine alone as a new research has found that people tend to eat more with friends and family. Eating "socially" has a powerful effect on increasing food intake relative to dining alone, said the study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. "We found strong evidence that people eat more food when dining with friends and family than when alone," said research leader Helen Ruddock from the University of Birmingham in Britain. Previous studies found that those eating with others ate up to 48 per cent more food than solo diners and women with obesity eating socially consumed up to 29 per cent more than when eating alone. For the study, the researchers evaluated 42 existing studies of research into social dining. social bonds. The researchers called the the social facilitation of eating is less The researchers found that people eat phenomenon of eating more with friends pronounced amongst groups of more with friends and family because and family "social facilitation". strangers," Ruddock said. having food with others is more enjoyable and social eating could increase tion effect on eating was not observed ancient hunter gatherers shared food They found that this social facilita- The researchers explained that consumption. across studies which had looked at food because it ensured equitable food distribution. Social norms might 'permit' overeating in company but sanction it when eat- well acquainted. "People want to convey In the case of social facilitation, we intake amongst people who were not ing alone and providing food becomes positive impressions to strangers. have inherited a mechanism that now associated with praise and recognition Selecting small portions may provide a exerts a powerful influence on unhealthy from friends and family, strengthening means of doing so and this may be why dietary intakes, the researchers said.
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The Asian Independent 16 Oct to 31 Oct 2019

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