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NIRMAL PAINTINGTHE ORIGINS OF NIRMAL toys are namedafter Neemanaik,a village headman,whomanufactured weapons during the 14thcentury.He had a workshop where themanufactured weapons.Among his craftsmenwere artisans who did wood carving andportrait painting.The Nawabs of Hyderabadtapped the skills of these craftsmen andbecame generous patrons of this craft.Interiorsof royal residences were embellished withintricate glided designs that soon grew to beeponymous with Nirmal.For the Nirmalcraftsmen,painting is a hereditaryoccupation.They were traditionally painters ofganjifa playing cardds,and toys.The ganjifacards and the box for the cards are a specialityof the craftsmen.Nirmal designs havedistinctive floral patterns similar to Mughalarabesques.The colour palette is sophisticatedand the forms are bound by goldoutlines.Earlier,the craftsmen usedindigenious mineral and vegetable dyes forcolouring their products.It is believed that they could even produce gold colourfrom herbal extracts.In more recent products,the floral designs are restricted tothe borders.Niramal toys are made from soft,white and seasoned ponikiwood,carved,joined ,finished and made ready for painting.Lappam,made oftamarind seed powder and fine poniki wood dust is applied for shaped andlevelling the surface.Oil colours and watercolours are applied on a coat of whitepaint.colours and details are rendered to give the toys a lifelike quality and thenthey are varnished.Production ClustersAdilabad districts:NirmalProductsPankhas-hand fanPalanquinsGanjifa set of 96cardsDashavatara set of120 cardsFurniturePaintingsFruitsAnimal FigurinesNapkin ringsPaperknivesJewel boxesToolsRampam-axe sawUti-chiselShanam-carving toolBadisa-axeThapey-primerapplying toolPoovu akurai-files
1 Carved and painted toy tiger made in Nirmal2 A paperknife shaped like a bird.Animals,birds,fruits and vegetables are painted naturalistically by Nirmal Craftsmen.3 A traditional hand fan has a wooden handle which is attached separately.It is made from a palm leaf-its stem are laminated with cloth on both sides andtreated with glue,smoothened ,painted and varnished.4,5 Handpainted birds.6 Detail of a panel that makes up a screen.The craftsmanship,the floral pattern and colours are rarely seen in the new products.
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First published in India in 2007 by
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Please enter the name of state or c
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0855.55 Razai - quilt making N/RJ08
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11.183 Brass and bell metalwareE/OR
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18.378 Wood carving S/KA385Belgaum1
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PatnaE/BR1899.169 Stone Carving E/B
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17.337 Natural fibre crafts S/KE351
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21.0 DAMAN AND DIU(Union Territory)
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IntroductionHandmade in India is a
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varandahs and the response was the
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show a creative ability of the craf
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1 Connected by seven bridges, the o
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THE STATE of Jammu and Kashmir cons
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RESOURCESCraft Raw Materials Source
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KALEEN - KNOTTED CARPETSProduction
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KASHIDAKARI - KASHMIRI EMBROIDERYPr
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WALNUT WOOD CARVINGProduction Clust
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COPPER WAREProduction ClustersBaram
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RITUAL CLOTH INSTALLATIONSProductio
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TSUG-DUL AND TSUG-GDAN - WOOLLEN PI
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PAABU - STITCHED BOOTSProduct Clust
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WOOD CARVINGProduction ClustersLeh
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Districts - 12Craftspersons - 0.58
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Crafts of CHAMBALost wax castingSil
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CHAMBA RUMALIn the depiction of the
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Crafts of KangraThangka paintingTha
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Production ClustersKangra district:
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PunjabRESOURCESCraft Raw Materials
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prepared;this is then stuffedwith l
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wool with bold patterns in acrylicd
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Crafts of AmritsarKhunda-bamboostav
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THE DOABA REGION is located in the
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WOODEN INLAY OF HOSHIARPURProductio
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Detail of a bagh, an embroidered wr
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The darshan dwar, a red cloth embro
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Ari-cobbler`s awlKundi-iron contain
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AttireGhaghra-20mt skirtDhunkaniyae
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Subclusters ofHARYANAFaridabad dist
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SARKANDA CRAFTCOME WINTER, THE main
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BRASS WAREProduction ClustersYamuna
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Districts - 32Craftspersons - 3.16L
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Subclusters ofJAIPURJaipur district
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KUNDAN JADAI-GEM SETTINGProduction
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BANDHEJ AND LEHERIYA-TIE-RESIST-DYE
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BLOCK MAKINGProduction ClustersJaip
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MOJARI -LEATHER FOOTWEARProduction
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SANJHI-PAPER STENCILSProduction Clu
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KATPUTLI - PUPPETSProduction Cluste
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CRAFTS OFAJMERPhad paintingMiniatur
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hybrid of thevarious miniaturetradi
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BIKANERFOUNDED IN 1486,Bikaner was
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GANGAUR IDOL MAKINGTRADITIONALLY,du
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BHITTI CHITRA-WALL PAINTINGProducti
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MEENAKARI AND KUNDAN JEWELLERYProdu
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MOJAR-LEATHER FOOTWEARProduction Cl
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DABU-MUD RESIST PRINTINGProduction
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SEEP KA KAAM -MOTHER-OF-PEARL WORKP
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PATTU WEAVINGProduction ClustersJod
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Washed and dyed fabric being sun-dr
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TERRACOTTA OF POKHARANProduction Cl
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KAVAD-MOBILE SHRINESAn antique pich
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DAMASCENINGProductionClustersUdaipu
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MEENAKARI-ENAMEL WORKProductionClus
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CRAFTS-DELHINaqqashi-engravingPapie
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NAQQASHI - ENGRAVINGProduction Clus
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Mask of the Sun God made by skilled
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CHIK MAKINGCHIKS ARE BLINDS OR semi
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Huddled close to a bend in the Gang
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WOOD CARVINGSAHARANPUR IS KNOWNits
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BAREILLYBAREILLY LIES TO THE north
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A craftsperson`s house and workspac
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AGRA FORMS A part of BrajBhoomi,the
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Production ClustersAgra District:Ta
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KNOTTED CARPETSAGRA IS ONE of the e
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rangoli stencils depicting Krishna.
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Production ClustersLucknow district
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ZARDOZI - GOLD EMBROIDERYZARDOZI IN
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1 Black and front of an alam,a shap
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QUITABAT-CALLIGRAPHYQUITABAT,Callig
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CLAY TOYSProduction ClustersLucknow
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Sari-draped clothSari-draped clothT
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BLACKD POTTERY OF NIZAMABADTHE POTT
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Simbi-thin punchHammerChisel
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ProductionClusters:Carpets:Sant Rav
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BLOCK PRINTINGLUCKNOW, Farrukhabad,
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MOONJ BASKETRYCOILING IS A Basketry
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SHAZAR STONE JEWELLERYSHAZAR IN PER
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rhododendron flower
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Hemkund Sahib
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AIPAN-RITUAL FLOOR PAINTINGSAIPAN I
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NETTLE FIBRE CRAFTSTINGING NETTLE,b
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COPPER WAREProduction ClustersAlmor
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RAMBAANDS-NATURAL FIBRE CRAFTProduc
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Physical FeaturesRamnagar DunGanget
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Crafts ofMADHUBANITerracottaMadhuba
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MADHUBANI PAINTINGSnake motif fromt
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SUJUNI EMBROIDERYProduction Cluster
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PAPIER MACHEProduction clustersMadh
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Crafts of PatnaStone carvingWooden
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KHATWA-APPLIQUEKHATWA HAS THE same
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TRIBAL JEWELLERYMANY FACTORSSUCH AS
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HazaribaghISko site, Hazaribagh(anc
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RANCHI IS THE capital city of Jhark
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Kattu-a tool to takeoff the skin of
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MUSICAL INSTRUMENTSMUSICAL AND DANC
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WALL PAINTING OF HAZARIBAGHInset So
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JADUPATUA PAINTINGTHESE ARE RITUALI
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Districts : 30Craftspersons - 0.76
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THE HISTORY OF Orissa,ancient Kalin
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GANJAPPA CARDSONE OF THE legacies o
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BhubanIndipurOkhermaKaramalKala Pan
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View from theLion Gate of theShanti
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PATHAR KAMA - STONE WORKThe rock cu
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PATACHITRA - PAINTINGPatachitra or
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IdolKonark WheelFlower vaseArtifica
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WOOD CARVINGProduction ClustersPuri
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DHOKRA-LOST WAX METAL CASTINGProduc
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BRASS AND BELL METAL WAREProduction
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Production ClustersDhenkanal distri
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BANDHA-YARN TIE-RESIST-DYEINGBANDHA
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The riverine districtof Cuttack is
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HammerSawSandpaper
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BRASS AND BELL METAL WAREProduction
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KOTPAD SARIProducts ClustersKoraput
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4. Ginni maali - necklace made from
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LAC PRODUCTSNawrangpur, adjoining t
Page 293: DHOKRA - LOST WAX METAL CASTINGThe
Page 296 and 297: FestivalsSaga DawaPhang Lhabsolpray
Page 298 and 299: CHOKTSE-TABLESCHOKTSES ARE SMALL WO
Page 300 and 301: CuisineMishti doi-sweetenedcurdMudi
Page 302 and 303: Wooden headboard with Tibetan motif
Page 304 and 305: HILL PAINTINGProduction ClustersDar
Page 306 and 307: TERRACOTTAProduction ClustersSiligu
Page 308: SHEETALPATI-REED MATSProduction Clu
Page 311 and 312: SHOLA PITH CRAFTProduction clusters
Page 313 and 314: Subclusters ofBIRBHUMBirbhum distri
Page 315 and 316: A sujuni, kantha made in Jessore, B
Page 317: DHOKRA - LOST WAX METAL CASTINGProd
Page 320: TERRACOTTA OF BANKURAProduction Clu
Page 323: CONCH SHELL CARVINGProduction Clust
Page 327 and 328: Maslond mat with vertical borders.
Page 329 and 330: Inset : Clay toys diecast in moulds
Page 333 and 334: Districts - 23Craftspersons - 0.87
Page 335 and 336: Subclusters ofHYDERABADRangareddi d
Page 337 and 338: Range of single and double ikat cot
Page 339 and 340: Crafts ofWARANGALDhurrie weavingPai
Page 341: PAINTED SCROLLS OF CHERIYALSProduct
Page 345 and 346: 4. Kishti,bowl,made in silver filig
Page 348 and 349: Subclusters ofVISKHAPATNAMViskhapat
Page 351 and 352: Production clustersSrikakulam distr
Page 353: BLOCK PRINTINGProduction ClustersKr
Page 356 and 357: TELIA RUMAL-YARN-RESIST-DYED TEXTIL
Page 358 and 359: LEATHER PUPPETSProduction clustersG
Page 361 and 362: Subclusters ofCuddapahNellore distr
Page 363: WOODEN CUTLERY OF UDAYAGIRIProducti
Page 366: Subcluster ofCHITTOORSri KalastiChi
Page 370: BRONZE CASTINGProduction clustersCh
Page 373 and 374: Districts - 30Craftspersons - 0.87
Page 375 and 376: Subclusters ofKanniyakumarKanniyaku
Page 377 and 378: KORA MAT WEAVINGProduction Clusters
Page 379 and 380: KAVASAM-SHEET METAL CLADDINGProduct
Page 381 and 382: Subclusters ofCUDDALORECuddalore di
Page 384 and 385: Subclusters ofAUROVILLEViluppuramdi
Page 386 and 387: POTTERYINTERNATIONAL POTTERS AND de
Page 388 and 389: Frontal view of a shallow bowl carv
Page 390 and 391: and stone carvings of the Pallava e
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WOOD CARVINGProduction ClustersKanc
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WOOD CARVINGProduction ClustersChen
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Subclusters ofTiruchirappalliThanja
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VILAKKU-BRASS LAMPSTHE KUTHUVILAKKu
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PALLAGAI PADAM - THANJAVUR PAINTING
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ROOT CARVINGProduction ClustersThan
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The folk deity Nallathangal and her
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according to the economic statusof
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MUTHANGI-PEARL-STUDDED ATTIREMUTHI
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Subclusters ofSALEMSalem district:S
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products is that they have a coolin
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RAYON DHURRIEProduction clustersEro
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TODA EMBROIDERYTHE NILGIRIS ARE HOM
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Chiselling out the design on a Kama
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KORA MAT WEAVINGIn Tamil Nadu and P
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Nestled between the Western Ghats a
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Copper connecting pins are hammered
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The ubiquitous Panayola, palmyra le
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Subclusters ofERNAKULAMErnakulam di
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ARANMULA KANNADI - METAL MIRRORProd
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COIR WORKProduction ClustersAlappuz
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Crafts ofTHRISSURPooram craftsBronz
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BRONZE CASTINGProduction ClustersTh
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WOOD CARVINGAs in most of Kerala, t
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KORA MAT WEAVINGProduction Clusters
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Detail of a Dasavatara lamp depicti
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KATHAKALI AND THEYYAM HEADGEARProdu
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Bamboo trays used by farmers to rea
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1. An elaborately carved image of K
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WOOD AND LAC TURNERY OF CHANNAPATNA
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SANDALWOOD CARVINGSandalwood carvin
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MYSORE PAINTINGThe fall of Vijayana
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TERRACOTTAMadike Beedu village loca
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STONE CARVINGUdipi district is an e
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TERRACOTTA AND POTTERYProduction Cl
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BRONZE CASTINGProduction ClustersUd
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Banjara women at work at the Sandur
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BANJARA EMBROIDERYThe Banjara, also
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SURPUR PAINTINGIn the 17th century,
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BANJARA EMBROIDERY AND QUILTSThe no
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GOLD JEWELLERY AND SILVER WAREAncie
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An artisan embroidering on a silk s
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LanguagesKonkaniMarathiPortugueseEn
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A craved wooden sofafrom a house in
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OTIM KAAM - BRASS WAREBrass ware pr
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Kilnwoman that caters to amodern cl
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Texture detail of a hammered pot,Ma
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MANICHE KAAM-BAMBOO CRAFTA WIDE RAN
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CraftTerracotta andPotteryRESOURCES
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made separately and inserted.2. Wov
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Crafts of Damanand DiuDaman:Embroid
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Crafts ofKACHCHHClay relief workPai
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A craftswoman in Bhuj paints the te
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7 Shown here is the lower section o
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APPLIQUEProduction ClustersBhujKhav
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WOOD AND LAC TURNERYProduction Clus
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AJRAKH PRINTINGPRINTED ON BOTH side
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PATHAR KAAM/SAMPURA KAAM-STONE CARV
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Flocking.
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Kanas/Atedo-filesBekhaniya-woodenpi
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been painted with natural dyesblack
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woven in many areas of the Indiansu
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WOOD CARVINGTHE ANCESTRAL OCCUPATIO
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Cattle wearing basket-like muzzles
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Detail of a painting depicting the
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AGATE STONE WORKProductsMala-neckla
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Sub clusters ofSuratSurat district:
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PATKU WEAVINGProduction ClustersSur
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Intricte carving at the Mahalaxmi t
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1,2,3,4a,4b TheDasavatar onganjifa
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Roadside display of terracotta plan
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TAMBAAT KAAM-COPPER AND BRASS WAREP
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DHURRIE WEAVINGProduction ClustersJ
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TERRAC0TTA AND POTTERYProduction cl
Page 589 and 590:
CRAFTS -MADHYAPRADESHWood carvingPi
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A monument exhibiting finely carved
Page 593 and 594:
WOOD CARVINGVANI GADI,A multiplw pi
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THE BUSTLING CITY OF Indore,in the
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BANDHANI-TIE-RESIST-DYEINGTIE-RESIS
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WOOD CARVINGA FEW FAMILIES in ujjai
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ornamented with a border atthe rim
Page 604 and 605:
ZARDOZI -GOLD EMBROIDERYProduction
Page 606 and 607:
Crafts of BETULLost wax metalcastin
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Crafts ofGWALIORStone carvingSubclu
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Subclusters ofMANDALAJabalpur distr
Page 614 and 615:
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CRAFTS -CHHATTISGARHPainted clay re
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Chhattisgarh, a state shince 2000,u
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PAINTED CLAY RELIEFThe women of the
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5 The cast products are cooled and
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BRASS VESSELSBeaten brass ghagra of
Page 629 and 630:
IRON CRAFTLocated in the steel mini
Page 632:
PATA WEAVINGPaneka, a non tribal we
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Physical FeaturesBrahmaputra Valley
Page 639:
BAMBOO CRAFT OF ASSAMTraditional ba
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BRASS WARESarai, a brass tray (some
Page 645 and 646:
SHEETALPATI - REED MATSheetalpati a
Page 647 and 648:
CANE FURNITUREProduction ClustersCa
Page 650:
CRAFTS -ARUNACHALPRADESHBamboo and
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BAMBOO AND CANE BRIDGESMonpas make
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APA TANI BAMBOO PRODUCTSThe Apa Tan
Page 657 and 658:
CANE HAVERSACKSThe Adi Gallong trib
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A long house of the chief of Wakka
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CRAFTS -NAGALANDWood carvingKophi -
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Dao, broad bladed knives, carving t
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KOPHI - CANE BASKETSProduction Clus
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CRAFTS -MANIPURBamboo basketryBell
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Detail of and enephi, transluscent
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THONGJAO POTTERYThe terracotta pott
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Mizoram is a mountainous region wit
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BAMBOO BASKETRYBamboo that thrives
Page 683 and 684:
GOURD CRAFTThe Mizos cultivated um,
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Subclusters ofAGARTALAWest Tripurad
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1. Polo,fish trap,used in shallowwa
Page 691:
BAMBOO FURNITURE OF KATLAMARAKATLAM
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TRIPURI TEXTILESRIANG,JAMATIA,TRIPU
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Flora:Sacred groves,Bamboo,cane,pin
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BAMBOO RAIN SHIELDSCHERRAPUNJI,WHIC
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Nokpante,a dormitory for young men
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