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27022020 - Insurgency: Depressed soldier shoots 7, kills self

Vanguard Newspaper 27 February 2020

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36— Vanguard, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 27, 2020<br />

Defeating Boko Haram in five easy steps<br />

By OLA BALOGUN<br />

CAN we rely on the Nigerian Armed<br />

Forces as presently constituted?<br />

There is nothing new under the sun! From<br />

time immemorial, the challenge of confronting<br />

and defeating non-state military forces that<br />

engage in guerilla warfare has been met<br />

successfully time and time again. Thus, there<br />

is virtually no need to innovate when it comes<br />

to solving this problem. The strategies and<br />

tactics for defeating guerilla forces have been<br />

abundantly written about and commented on,<br />

both in history books available to the general<br />

public and in specialised textbooks produced<br />

for use in military academies.<br />

Examples of successful anti-guerilla<br />

campaigns range from Alexander’s<br />

campaigns in India to the methods applied by<br />

Julius Caeser against indigenous tribes in<br />

present day France and Germany, as well as to<br />

the ferocious scorched earth tactics employed<br />

by the famous Mongolian Emperor Genghis<br />

Khan, whose military genius has long been<br />

widely acknowledged. African and African<br />

diaspora Generals like Toussaint L’Ouverture<br />

in Haiti and the great Shaka Zulu (Ushaka) in<br />

southern Africa are also known to have evolved<br />

and applied superb tactics for checkmating<br />

and defeating<br />

guerrilla<br />

forces in<br />

varied combat<br />

theatres.<br />

Closer to us in<br />

time, it was not<br />

only because<br />

the British<br />

imperial<br />

military forces<br />

that invaded<br />

the African<br />

continent had<br />

OLA BALOGUN<br />

vastly superior weapons that they easily<br />

defeated several indigenous fighting units in<br />

Nigeria. The British were almost always<br />

victorious because they systematically applied<br />

appropriate strategies and tactics directed at<br />

crushing indigenous forms of warfare,<br />

including guerilla attacks.<br />

Closer to us in<br />

time, the efficient<br />

and ruthless<br />

manner in which<br />

the British army<br />

comprehenively<br />

d e f e a t e d<br />

determined and<br />

well-equipped<br />

guerilla forces in<br />

Malaysia during<br />

the era of the socalled<br />

Malaya<br />

emergency<br />

following the<br />

When it comes<br />

to fighting<br />

against Boko<br />

Haram, the<br />

Nigerian<br />

Armed Forces<br />

are clearly not<br />

doing as much<br />

as they are<br />

capable of<br />

Second World War<br />

continues to be studied in military academies<br />

all over the world. Why then have these timetested<br />

strategies and tactics not been utilized<br />

by the present-day Nigerian army to defeat<br />

the Boko Haram insurgents? The fundamental<br />

reasons for this strange omission are as follows:<br />

•Lack of adequate political leadership at<br />

the Federal Government level. Military<br />

forces generally cannot function efficiently<br />

unless they are under the supervision of wise<br />

and patriotic civilian leaders. The well-known<br />

dictum that warfare is too serious a matter to<br />

be entrusted to military personnel alone has<br />

been illustrated time and time again in the<br />

Nigerian setting, both during the Nigeria-<br />

Biafra civil war and in the context of the fight<br />

(or lack of fight!) against Boko Haram.<br />

For instance, former President Goodluck<br />

Ebelechukwu Jonathan and his entourage<br />

were firmly convinced that Boko Haram was<br />

some kind of hoax, so they never really<br />

mobilised the Nigerian army against the<br />

insurgency until the dying days of the Jonathan<br />

administration. Closer to us in time, the Buhari<br />

administration has turned out to be a weak<br />

and disorganised substitute for government in<br />

which no one is really in charge. How can a<br />

non-existent government be expected to pursue<br />

warfare efficiently? An even more glaring<br />

impediment to the meaningful deployment of<br />

the Nigerian Armed Forces against Boko<br />

Haram is to be found in the fact that several<br />

highly placed individuals and groups in the<br />

Federal Government and in the Nigerian<br />

Army it<strong>self</strong> have converted the alleged “fight<br />

against Boko Haram” into a gigantic multibillion<br />

dollar ‘chop-chop’ industry...<br />

The officially documented stories revealed<br />

by the EFCC in judicial filings about how<br />

shocking amounts of money running into<br />

billions of dollars were allegedly diverted into<br />

private pockets by Sambo Dasuki and a variety<br />

of accomplices under the guise of funding<br />

weapons purchases for the fight against Boko<br />

Haram merely represent the tip of the iceberg:<br />

There is much worse going on at this very<br />

moment! With so many vested interests at the<br />

top levels of the Federal Government and the<br />

Nigerian Armed forces benefitting from the<br />

existence of Boko Haram, why would there be<br />

any serious effort on their part to end the<br />

emergency? The contrary is obviously the case!<br />

It is a well-known fact that there are many<br />

highly placed military and civilian officials in<br />

Nigeria who are working very hard to ensure<br />

the continued existence of Boko Haram. As a<br />

result, when it comes to fighting against Boko<br />

Haram, the Nigerian Armed Forces are clearly<br />

not doing as much as they are capable of.<br />

•Institutional weaknesses in the Nigerian<br />

Armed Forces. The Nigerian Army and<br />

Nigeria’s paramilitary forces as a whole<br />

cannot be said to consist in bulk of highly<br />

patriotic individuals motivated by burning<br />

love for our nation who are willing to gladly<br />

sacrifice their lives in the service of the nation.<br />

The Vietnamese <strong>soldier</strong>s who confronted and<br />

overcame the best <strong>soldier</strong>s that France could<br />

muster during the legendary battle of Dien<br />

Bien Phi are famed for marching forward to<br />

attack day after day, night after night, vying<br />

for the honour and glory of giving up their<br />

lives in the service of a collective national<br />

interest, just as the French <strong>soldier</strong>s themselves<br />

had done in defence of their own fatherland<br />

during the terrible wars that were waged in<br />

the wake of the French Revolution at the end<br />

of the 18th century.<br />

Uneducated<br />

mercenary fighters<br />

There are definitely large numbers of highly<br />

motivated Nigerian patriots who would gladly<br />

give up their lives to defend the lives of their<br />

parents, children and near relatives as well as<br />

for the future glory of our nation, but it is<br />

obvious that there are no adequate<br />

mechanisms in place for motivating and<br />

enrolling this cadre of men and women into<br />

the Nigerian Armed Forces which remain<br />

essentially an outgrowth of the largely<br />

uneducated mercenary fighters recruited from<br />

among remote tribes to serve as adjuncts to<br />

the British imperial officer corps who<br />

murdered and raped tens of thousands of<br />

defenceless individuals in the course of the<br />

relentless military campaigns that were waged<br />

against our people by the British imperialists<br />

under the guise of “pacifying” Nigeria during<br />

the era of colonial conquest of our land.<br />

Thus, though the White British officers have<br />

long since been replaced by an indigenous<br />

Nigerian officer corps, the basic orientation<br />

remains the same. The present-day Nigerian<br />

Armed Forces (both officers and men!) mostly<br />

consist of individuals who have enrolled in the<br />

army to earn a salary and pursue a career. As a<br />

result, the current Nigerian Army is neither<br />

particularly well led nor deeply motivated by<br />

patriotic zeal.<br />

In fact, the finest example of courageous and<br />

skilful military leadership in Nigeria was<br />

provided by the officers of the 3 Commando<br />

Division under the command of Benjamin<br />

Adekunle during the Nigerian civil war, when<br />

the Brigade Commanders were seen to lead<br />

their men into battle from in front in Israeli<br />

army fashion, hence the high rate of casualties<br />

among Adekunle’s officer corps, leading to<br />

the deaths of brave officers like Lt. Col. Shande,<br />

Major Hamman and Lt. Col. Isaac Adaka<br />

Boro. The late General Maxwell Khobe (who<br />

led the Nigerian army contingent during the<br />

ECOMOG operations in Sierra Leone and<br />

Liberia for a while) and the late Lt. Col. Gideon<br />

Orkar (who perished needlessly in an anti-<br />

Babangida coup attemp) are also prime<br />

examples of the kind of highly motivated and<br />

courageous senior officers that are rarely to<br />

be found in the present-day Nigerian Armed<br />

Forces.<br />

To be concluded<br />

*Dr. Balogun is a film maker, author and<br />

musician who currently lives in Lagos<br />

Okowa's efforts at transforming<br />

education in Delta<br />

THROUGH<br />

steadfastness<br />

and a multi-dimensional approach,,<br />

Senator Ifeanyi Okowa of Delta State is running<br />

with a vision of creating a globally competitive<br />

model learning centres in the state.<br />

He has so far given education a new momentum<br />

that has moved the state ahead from<br />

the deteriorating standard of education in<br />

the country.<br />

Nigeria's educational sector has waited for<br />

decades for a major government intervention<br />

needed to rebuild the capacity for high<br />

quality education in the country. In the absence<br />

of the needed intervention, educational<br />

standard has deteriorated from primary<br />

to tertiary levels of learning. Nigeria lacks<br />

the basic requirements for building an excellent<br />

academic community. Funding constitutes<br />

a serious challenge to educational<br />

development in the country and this has been<br />

the case even in the peak of crude oil<br />

earnings.<br />

The poor and deteriorating quality of education<br />

in Nigeria was clearly unacceptable<br />

to Governor Okowa who, at the inception of<br />

his administration, took it upon him<strong>self</strong> to<br />

set an example for the nation, a model of<br />

government intervention in the educational<br />

sector. This he did by convoking an<br />

Educational Summit in the state where all<br />

stakeholders were brought together to discuss<br />

on the challenges facing Education in the<br />

state.<br />

The Okowa-led Delta State government<br />

defined a vision of making the state a model<br />

learning centre in the country and has since<br />

then run with a new zeal unmatched anywhere<br />

else in the country to make it happen.<br />

The task was identified and a clear goal was<br />

set which is to place education at a level that<br />

is competitive worldwide. An effective strategy<br />

for solution normally requires a clear<br />

understanding of the roots of a problem. Like<br />

a master craftsman, Okowa ensured a proper<br />

diagnosis of the problem of deteriorating<br />

standard of education in Nigeria and found<br />

that inadequate funding and lack of essential<br />

facilities are the significant variables.<br />

He then gave the two critical areas the kind<br />

of attention never seen any time in recent<br />

memory and hardly matched anywhere else<br />

in the country.<br />

A reinforcement of the educational foundation,<br />

he discovered, needs to be done at<br />

the primary school level and that became a<br />

key element of the new engagement. Okowa<br />

insists on the need to lay a proper educational<br />

foundation for pupils at that level. This<br />

adult learners who had earlier in life missed<br />

the opportunity of getting such education<br />

while they were children.<br />

"We understand that a quality education<br />

system will undoubtedly foster the socioeconomic<br />

development of the state and by<br />

extension the harmony, respect, discipline<br />

and productiveness needed for a cohesive<br />

society and a prosperous economy. As such<br />

we are sparing no resource and effort in providing<br />

the necessary inputs and processes<br />

inextricably linked to the making of a quality<br />

education system such as qualified teachers,<br />

IT-driven teaching, learning and administrative<br />

platforms, new and improved school<br />

infrastructure, relevant curriculum, appropriate<br />

legislation and an enabling teaching<br />

and learning environment. For us nothing<br />

but the very best is good enough and that is<br />

what you get in every public and recognised<br />

private school in Delta State."<br />

Delta State government, under Okowa has<br />

taken major steps to give primary schools<br />

development the priority accorded it under<br />

the millennium goals. World Bank's grants<br />

are available for the development of primary<br />

schools but most states are not keen about it<br />

because they are not willing or are unable to<br />

provide the counterpart fund. The<br />

government of Delta State ensured that the<br />

problem of funding did not hinder the attainment<br />

of the desired educational quality<br />

standard. The government sourced its<br />

counterpart fund for the UBEC grants for<br />

primary school funding through a term loan<br />

facility. With counterpart funding, the state's<br />

Universal Basic Education Board gained access<br />

to the Universal Basic Education<br />

Commission fund.<br />

This has enabled the state to overcome the<br />

usual problem of lack of funds for primary<br />

schools development. The state government<br />

has therefore been able to sustain effort in<br />

constructing new classroom blocks, reno-<br />

vating dilapidated<br />

Okowa has so structures, recruit-<br />

informed his<br />

administration's<br />

drive to<br />

reposition<br />

primary school<br />

education for<br />

enhanced performance.<br />

This<br />

is a message for<br />

the nation that<br />

for any measure<br />

aimed at<br />

addressing the<br />

problem of declining<br />

standard<br />

of<br />

*Okowa<br />

education to succeed, it has to necessarily<br />

begin at the primary school level. According<br />

to Chief Patrick Ukah, the Commissioner,<br />

Ministry of Basic and Secondary Education<br />

in Delta: "The ministry is charged with the<br />

onerous responsibility of formulating, implementing<br />

and regulating educational policies<br />

and programmes for the State, including<br />

overseeing the general administration<br />

of the Basic and Secondary school system in<br />

accordance with the goals and needs of the<br />

State and in consonance with the National<br />

Policy on Education and other relevant policies/programmes<br />

such as the Education For<br />

All, EFA, Sustainable Development Goals,<br />

SDGs and vision 20:20 goals as well as the<br />

SMART Agenda of the Okowa’s Administration.<br />

"In a nutshell, it is the responsibility of the<br />

Ministry to provide Early Childhood,<br />

Primary and Secondary/Technical Education<br />

for the young ones as well as provide<br />

basic literacy and life skill education for<br />

far sustained the<br />

drive to reposition<br />

primary<br />

schools in the<br />

state with a<br />

view to meeting<br />

current reality<br />

demands<br />

ing new primary<br />

school teachers<br />

and providing essential<br />

instructional<br />

resources, thus<br />

creating an effective<br />

learning system.<br />

It is the desire<br />

of the Okowa-led<br />

administration to<br />

raise the capacity<br />

for quality education<br />

at all levels within the state. Okowa<br />

has so far sustained the drive to reposition<br />

primary schools in the state with a view to<br />

meeting current reality demands. With improved<br />

funding, his government has attained<br />

great landmarks in renovating primary and<br />

secondary schools in the state and in procuring<br />

essential educational facilities, including<br />

computer facilities and electric<br />

power generators for public secondary<br />

schools.<br />

Education is an essential tool for touching<br />

lives and recreating destinies of people<br />

and societies. This is precisely what<br />

Governor Okowa has done with it so far in<br />

Delta State. It is one step forward by the<br />

government that has registered grassroots<br />

impacts in Delta State. A number of schools<br />

in dilapidated conditions have received<br />

facelifts across the state despite the revenue<br />

crisis that has hit government finances generally<br />

in recent years. Government's master<br />

plan for the development of education revolves<br />

around the provision of enabling<br />

learning environment to enhance teaching<br />

and learning at all categories of schools in<br />

the state. It is an integrated approach to lay<br />

a solid foundation at primary school level<br />

and ensure high quality rollout of graduates<br />

at tertiary levels of education.<br />

Teachers' Professional Development<br />

Centre: In line with the broad strategy, the<br />

state's government has embarked on the<br />

construction of Teachers' Professional Development<br />

Centre at Owa-Oyibu in Ika<br />

North East Local Government Area of the<br />

State. The Centre when completed will<br />

ensure proffiency in teaching as it will afford<br />

the state government the opportunity to<br />

train and retrain teachers.<br />

To be concluded

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