NET-Microservices-Architecture-for-Containerized-NET-Applications

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Issue security tokens from an ASP.NET Core service ....................................................................................... 328Consume security tokens ............................................................................................................................................ 329Additional resources .......................................................................................................................................................... 330About authorization in .NET microservices and web applications .................................................................. 331Implement role-based authorization ..................................................................................................................... 331Implement policy-based authorization ................................................................................................................. 332Additional resources ..................................................................................................................................................... 333Store application secrets safely during development .......................................................................................... 333Store secrets in environment variables ................................................................................................................. 334Store secrets with the ASP.NET Core Secret Manager .................................................................................... 334Use Azure Key Vault to protect secrets at production time .............................................................................. 335Additional resources ..................................................................................................................................................... 336Key Takeaways ..................................................................................................................... 337ixContents
CHAPTER 1IntroductionEnterprises are increasingly realizing cost savings, solving deployment problems, and improvingDevOps and production operations by using containers. Microsoft has been releasing containerinnovations for Windows and Linux by creating products like Azure Kubernetes Service and AzureService Fabric, and by partnering with industry leaders like Docker, Mesosphere, and Kubernetes.These products deliver container solutions that help companies build and deploy applications at cloudspeed and scale, whatever their choice of platform or tools.Docker is becoming the de facto standard in the container industry, supported by the most significantvendors in the Windows and Linux ecosystems. (Microsoft is one of the main cloud vendorssupporting Docker.) In the future, Docker will probably be ubiquitous in any datacenter in the cloud oron-premises.In addition, the microservices architecture is emerging as an important approach for distributedmission-critical applications. In a microservice-based architecture, the application is built on acollection of services that can be developed, tested, deployed, and versioned independently.About this guideThis guide is an introduction to developing microservices-based applications and managing themusing containers. It discusses architectural design and implementation approaches using .NET Coreand Docker containers. To make it easier to get started with containers and microservices, the guidefocuses on a reference containerized and microservice-based application that you can explore. Thesample application is available at the eShopOnContainers GitHub repo.This guide provides foundational development and architectural guidance primarily at a developmentenvironment level with a focus on two technologies: Docker and .NET Core. Our intention is that youread this guide when thinking about your application design without focusing on the infrastructure(cloud or on-premises) of your production environment. You will make decisions about yourinfrastructure later, when you create your production-ready applications. Therefore, this guide isintended to be infrastructure agnostic and more development-environment-centric.After you have studied this guide, your next step would be to learn about production-readymicroservices on Microsoft Azure.VersionThis guide has been revised to cover .NET Core 3.1 version along with many additional updatesrelated to the same “wave” of technologies (that is, Azure and additional third-party technologies)1 CHAPTER 1 | Introduction
Page 2 and 3: EDITION v3.1.1 - Updated to ASP.NET
Page 4 and 5: ContentsIntroduction ..............
Page 6 and 7: Communication styles ..............
Page 8 and 9: Using message brokers and services
Page 10 and 11: Additional resources ..............
Page 14 and 15: coinciding in time with the .NET Co
Page 16 and 17: similar to instantiating a process
Page 18 and 19: For VMs, there are three base layer
Page 20 and 21: (heavier), an image containing only
Page 22 and 23: The registry is like a bookshelf wh
Page 24 and 25: • You need to use Windows APIs th
Page 26 and 27: Linux or Windows Nano, you can run
Page 28 and 29: ImportantYour development machines
Page 30 and 31: Imagemcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/
Page 32 and 33: CHAPTER 4Architecting container and
Page 34 and 35: For example, in a typical e-commerc
Page 36 and 37: Figure 4-4. Publishing a single-con
Page 38 and 39: tmpfs mounts are basically virtual
Page 40 and 41: and decentralized data management)
Page 42 and 43: transactional purchase subsystems,
Page 44 and 45: business microservice composed of s
Page 46 and 47: purpose in another context, and mig
Page 48 and 49: Figure 4-9. A microservice can’t
Page 50 and 51: Therefore, in order to enforce micr
Page 52 and 53: entities can be defined, depending
Page 54 and 55: The API gateway pattern versus the
Page 56 and 57: actions impact maintenance pretty b
Page 58 and 59: Figure 4-13.1. Using multiple custo
Page 60 and 61: Azure API ManagementAzure API Manag
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• If the API Gateway is developed
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A microservice-based application wi
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You might use any protocol to commu
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Figure 4-17. One-to-one real-time a
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Note that when the commands come fr
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service-bus features on top of lowe
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Microservices addressability and th
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Figure 4-21. Example of a composite
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the event order is challenging. In
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• Connect Windows computers to th
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Software platforms for container cl
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Figure 4-25. Running Kubernetes in
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This feature is based on URL prefix
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Additional resources• Visual Stud
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Step 1. Start coding and create you
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Figure 5-3. Enabling Docker Support
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FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/
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1 FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/cor
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For the final optimization, it just
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Step 4. Define your services in doc
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Figure 5-7. Adding Docker support i
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Using Docker CLITo run a multi-cont
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Figure 5-14. Example of testing you
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Additional resources• aspnet-dock
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to consume. It should also be able
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Figure 6-1. The eShopOnContainers r
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deployment architecture can bring d
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Figure 6-2. External versus interna
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Multi-architectural pattern and pol
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Figure 6-6. Creating an ASP.NET Cor
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any SQL Server, such as Windows on-
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.Take(pageSize).ToListAsync();items
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# docker-compose.override.yml#catal
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microservice, either data-driven mi
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The Swashbuckle generated Swagger U
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Figure 6-10. Swagger JSON metadataI
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basket-api:image: eshop/basket-apie
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Using docker-compose files to targe
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Figure 6-12. Multiple docker-compos
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#docker-compose.override.yml (Exten
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docker-compose.prod.yml with differ
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Additional resources• Building Op
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Log.Information("Starting web host
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}static IEnumerable<CatalogType> Ge
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Implementing event-based communicat
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}}OldPrice = oldPrice;The integrati
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use the API and abstractions provid
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Implementing a simple publish metho
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Subscribing to eventsThe first step
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Let’s go back to the initial issu
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The approach illustrated in Figure
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After the ProductPriceChangedIntegr
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the system handles the event. Messa
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• Chris Richardson. Event Sourcin
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Integration testing ensures that an
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Unit and integration test per micro
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Since .NET Core 2.0, the framework
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The IHostedService as defined in .N
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public class GracePeriodManagerServ
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• GenericHost Sample using ASP.NE
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Figure 6-30. Sample Web API microse
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This command only runs the catalog-
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The important point here for Ocelot
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Using a single Docker container ima
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- "5203:80"volumes:- ./src/ApiGatew
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Figure 6-38. Zoom in vision of the
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In any case, if the app is secured
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Using Kubernetes Ingress plus Ocelo
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CHAPTER 7Tackle BusinessComplexity
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DDD books• Eric Evans. Domain-Dri
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Figure 7-2. Simplified CQRS- and DD
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There is only one application archi
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Dapper is an open-source project (o
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}}}@"SELECT o.[Id] as ordernumber,o
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https://docs.microsoft.com/archive/
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The three layers in a DDD microserv
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Thus, your layers or class librarie
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has a lot of logic implemented in t
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The Aggregate patternA domain model
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Additional resources• Vaughn Vern
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Figure 7-11. The order aggregate in
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For example, following DDD patterns
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Additional resources• Vaughn Vern
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{if (!_requestedHashCode.HasValue)_
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Figure 7-13. Address value object w
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}{return false;}}return !thisValues
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Just by looking at the domain model
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• The identity (key) of an owned
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public abstract class Enumeration :
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if the validation fails. There are
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• Martin Fowler. Replacing Throwi
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What is a domain event?An event is
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It is important to understand that
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public class OrderStartedDomainEven
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Notice that the only thing that the
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current state of the aggregates. Th
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{}IIdentityService identityService)
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The Repository patternRepositories
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public interface IOrderRepository :
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• Eric Evans. Domain-Driven Desig
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Note that the OrderItems property c
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suggested by this guide have severa
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The repository instance lifetime in
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orderConfiguration.Property<int?>("
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// GENERIC SPECIFICATION IMPLEMENTA
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Use NoSQL databases as a persistenc
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When you use a C# model to implemen
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As shown in the following image, by
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Figure 7-22. MongoDB API NuGet pack
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Retrieve the dataIn C# code, like W
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Design the microservice application
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application’s Startup class. Your
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Use Autofac as an IoC containerYou
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Figure 7-24 shows that the UI app s
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}CardTypeId = cardTypeId;CardExpira
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As an example of a command handler
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Figure 7-25. Using the Mediator pat
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Additionally, async commands are on
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var createOrderCommand = new Create
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// CreateOrderCommandHandler.cspubl
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public class MediatorModule : Autof
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public class CreateOrderCommandVali
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CHAPTER 8Implement resilientapplica
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Figure 8-2. The impact of having an
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certain failure scenarios faster th
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public async Task<IActionResult> Up
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Issues with the original HttpClient
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Figure 8-4. Using IHttpClientFactor
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Implement your Typed Client classes
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Implement HTTP call retries with ex
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complete failure of a service. In t
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One option is to lower the allowed
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Additional resources• Circuit Bre
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CancellationToken cancellationToken
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tags: new string[] { "catalogstorag
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HealthChecksUI is easy to consume w
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CHAPTER 9Make secure .NETMicroservi
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public void ConfigureServices(IServ
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TipAll details are handled by the a
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}});options.Scope.Add("webshoppinga
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The parameters in this usage are:
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In this example, only users in the
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code and making sure not to store s
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ImportantWe recommend that you regi
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CLI versus IDE. With Microsoft tool
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