NET-Microservices-Architecture-for-Containerized-NET-Applications

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The registry is like a bookshelf where images are stored and available to be pulled for buildingcontainers to run services or web apps. There are private Docker registries on-premises and on thepublic cloud. Docker Hub is a public registry maintained by Docker, along the Docker Trusted Registryan enterprise-grade solution, Azure offers the Azure Container Registry. AWS, Google and others alsohave container registries.Putting images in a registry lets you store static and immutable application bits, including all theirdependencies at a framework level. Those images can then be versioned and deployed in multipleenvironments and therefore provide a consistent deployment unit.Private image registries, either hosted on-premises or in the cloud, are recommended when:• Your images must not be shared publicly due to confidentiality.• You want to have minimum network latency between your images and your chosen deploymentenvironment. For example, if your production environment is Azure cloud, you probably want tostore your images in Azure Container Registry so that network latency will be minimal. In asimilar way, if your production environment is on-premises, you might want to have an onpremisesDocker Trusted Registry available within the same local network.10 CHAPTER 2 | Introduction to Containers and Docker
CHAPTER 3Choosing Between .NETCore and .NET Frameworkfor Docker ContainersThere are two supported frameworks for building server-side containerized Docker applications with.NET: .NET Framework and .NET Core. They share many .NET platform components, and you can sharecode across the two. However, there are fundamental differences between them, and whichframework you use will depend on what you want to accomplish. This section provides guidance onwhen to choose each framework.General guidanceThis section provides a summary of when to choose .NET Core or .NET Framework. We provide moredetails about these choices in the sections that follow.You should use .NET Core, with Linux or Windows Containers, for your containerized Docker serverapplication when:• You have cross-platform needs. For example, you want to use both Linux and WindowsContainers.• Your application architecture is based on microservices.• You need to start containers fast and want a small footprint per container to achieve betterdensity or more containers per hardware unit in order to lower your costs.In short, when you create new containerized .NET applications, you should consider .NET Core as thedefault choice. It has many benefits and fits best with the containers philosophy and style of working.An additional benefit of using .NET Core is that you can run side by side .NET versions for applicationswithin the same machine. This benefit is more important for servers or VMs that do not usecontainers, because containers isolate the versions of .NET that the app needs. (As long as they arecompatible with the underlying OS.)You should use .NET Framework for your containerized Docker server application when:• Your application currently uses .NET Framework and has strong dependencies on Windows.11 CHAPTER 3 | Choosing Between .NET Core and .NET Framework for Docker Containers
Page 2 and 3: EDITION v3.1.1 - Updated to ASP.NET
Page 4 and 5: ContentsIntroduction ..............
Page 6 and 7: Communication styles ..............
Page 8 and 9: Using message brokers and services
Page 10 and 11: Additional resources ..............
Page 12 and 13: Issue security tokens from an ASP.N
Page 14 and 15: coinciding in time with the .NET Co
Page 16 and 17: similar to instantiating a process
Page 18 and 19: For VMs, there are three base layer
Page 20 and 21: (heavier), an image containing only
Page 24 and 25: • You need to use Windows APIs th
Page 26 and 27: Linux or Windows Nano, you can run
Page 28 and 29: ImportantYour development machines
Page 30 and 31: Imagemcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/
Page 32 and 33: CHAPTER 4Architecting container and
Page 34 and 35: For example, in a typical e-commerc
Page 36 and 37: Figure 4-4. Publishing a single-con
Page 38 and 39: tmpfs mounts are basically virtual
Page 40 and 41: and decentralized data management)
Page 42 and 43: transactional purchase subsystems,
Page 44 and 45: business microservice composed of s
Page 46 and 47: purpose in another context, and mig
Page 48 and 49: Figure 4-9. A microservice can’t
Page 50 and 51: Therefore, in order to enforce micr
Page 52 and 53: entities can be defined, depending
Page 54 and 55: The API gateway pattern versus the
Page 56 and 57: actions impact maintenance pretty b
Page 58 and 59: Figure 4-13.1. Using multiple custo
Page 60 and 61: Azure API ManagementAzure API Manag
Page 62 and 63: • If the API Gateway is developed
Page 64 and 65: A microservice-based application wi
Page 66 and 67: You might use any protocol to commu
Page 68 and 69: Figure 4-17. One-to-one real-time a
Page 70 and 71: Note that when the commands come fr
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service-bus features on top of lowe
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Microservices addressability and th
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Figure 4-21. Example of a composite
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the event order is challenging. In
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• Connect Windows computers to th
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Software platforms for container cl
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Figure 4-25. Running Kubernetes in
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This feature is based on URL prefix
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Additional resources• Visual Stud
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Step 1. Start coding and create you
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Figure 5-3. Enabling Docker Support
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FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/
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1 FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/cor
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For the final optimization, it just
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Step 4. Define your services in doc
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Figure 5-7. Adding Docker support i
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Using Docker CLITo run a multi-cont
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Figure 5-14. Example of testing you
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Additional resources• aspnet-dock
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to consume. It should also be able
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Figure 6-1. The eShopOnContainers r
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deployment architecture can bring d
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Figure 6-2. External versus interna
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Multi-architectural pattern and pol
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Figure 6-6. Creating an ASP.NET Cor
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any SQL Server, such as Windows on-
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.Take(pageSize).ToListAsync();items
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# docker-compose.override.yml#catal
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microservice, either data-driven mi
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The Swashbuckle generated Swagger U
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Figure 6-10. Swagger JSON metadataI
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basket-api:image: eshop/basket-apie
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Using docker-compose files to targe
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Figure 6-12. Multiple docker-compos
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#docker-compose.override.yml (Exten
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docker-compose.prod.yml with differ
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Additional resources• Building Op
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Log.Information("Starting web host
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}static IEnumerable<CatalogType> Ge
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Implementing event-based communicat
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}}OldPrice = oldPrice;The integrati
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use the API and abstractions provid
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Implementing a simple publish metho
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Subscribing to eventsThe first step
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Let’s go back to the initial issu
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The approach illustrated in Figure
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After the ProductPriceChangedIntegr
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the system handles the event. Messa
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• Chris Richardson. Event Sourcin
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Integration testing ensures that an
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Unit and integration test per micro
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Since .NET Core 2.0, the framework
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The IHostedService as defined in .N
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public class GracePeriodManagerServ
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• GenericHost Sample using ASP.NE
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Figure 6-30. Sample Web API microse
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This command only runs the catalog-
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The important point here for Ocelot
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Using a single Docker container ima
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- "5203:80"volumes:- ./src/ApiGatew
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Figure 6-38. Zoom in vision of the
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In any case, if the app is secured
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Using Kubernetes Ingress plus Ocelo
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CHAPTER 7Tackle BusinessComplexity
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DDD books• Eric Evans. Domain-Dri
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Figure 7-2. Simplified CQRS- and DD
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There is only one application archi
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Dapper is an open-source project (o
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}}}@"SELECT o.[Id] as ordernumber,o
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https://docs.microsoft.com/archive/
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The three layers in a DDD microserv
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Thus, your layers or class librarie
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has a lot of logic implemented in t
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The Aggregate patternA domain model
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Additional resources• Vaughn Vern
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Figure 7-11. The order aggregate in
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For example, following DDD patterns
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Additional resources• Vaughn Vern
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{if (!_requestedHashCode.HasValue)_
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Figure 7-13. Address value object w
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}{return false;}}return !thisValues
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Just by looking at the domain model
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• The identity (key) of an owned
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public abstract class Enumeration :
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if the validation fails. There are
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• Martin Fowler. Replacing Throwi
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What is a domain event?An event is
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It is important to understand that
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public class OrderStartedDomainEven
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Notice that the only thing that the
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current state of the aggregates. Th
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{}IIdentityService identityService)
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The Repository patternRepositories
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public interface IOrderRepository :
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• Eric Evans. Domain-Driven Desig
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Note that the OrderItems property c
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suggested by this guide have severa
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The repository instance lifetime in
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orderConfiguration.Property<int?>("
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// GENERIC SPECIFICATION IMPLEMENTA
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Use NoSQL databases as a persistenc
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When you use a C# model to implemen
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As shown in the following image, by
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Figure 7-22. MongoDB API NuGet pack
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Retrieve the dataIn C# code, like W
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Design the microservice application
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application’s Startup class. Your
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Use Autofac as an IoC containerYou
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Figure 7-24 shows that the UI app s
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}CardTypeId = cardTypeId;CardExpira
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As an example of a command handler
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Figure 7-25. Using the Mediator pat
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Additionally, async commands are on
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var createOrderCommand = new Create
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// CreateOrderCommandHandler.cspubl
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public class MediatorModule : Autof
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public class CreateOrderCommandVali
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CHAPTER 8Implement resilientapplica
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Figure 8-2. The impact of having an
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certain failure scenarios faster th
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public async Task<IActionResult> Up
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Issues with the original HttpClient
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Figure 8-4. Using IHttpClientFactor
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Implement your Typed Client classes
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Implement HTTP call retries with ex
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complete failure of a service. In t
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One option is to lower the allowed
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Additional resources• Circuit Bre
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CancellationToken cancellationToken
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tags: new string[] { "catalogstorag
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HealthChecksUI is easy to consume w
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CHAPTER 9Make secure .NETMicroservi
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public void ConfigureServices(IServ
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TipAll details are handled by the a
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}});options.Scope.Add("webshoppinga
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The parameters in this usage are:
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In this example, only users in the
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code and making sure not to store s
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ImportantWe recommend that you regi
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CLI versus IDE. With Microsoft tool
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