NET-Microservices-Architecture-for-Containerized-NET-Applications

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• You need to use Windows APIs that are not supported by .NET Core.• You need to use third-party .NET libraries or NuGet packages that are not available for .NETCore.Using .NET Framework on Docker can improve your deployment experiences by minimizingdeployment issues. This “lift and shift” scenario is important for containerizing legacy applications thatwere originally developed with the traditional .NET Framework, like ASP.NET WebForms, MVC webapps or WCF (Windows Communication Foundation) services.Additional resources• E-book: Modernize existing .NET Framework applications with Azure and WindowsContainershttps://aka.ms/liftandshiftwithcontainersebook• Sample apps: Modernization of legacy ASP.NET web apps by using Windows Containershttps://aka.ms/eshopmodernizingWhen to choose .NET Core for Docker containersThe modularity and lightweight nature of .NET Core makes it perfect for containers. When you deployand start a container, its image is far smaller with .NET Core than with .NET Framework. In contrast, touse .NET Framework for a container, you must base your image on the Windows Server Core image,which is a lot heavier than the Windows Nano Server or Linux images that you use for .NET Core.Additionally, .NET Core is cross-platform, so you can deploy server apps with Linux or Windowscontainer images. However, if you are using the traditional .NET Framework, you can only deployimages based on Windows Server Core.The following is a more detailed explanation of why to choose .NET Core.Developing and deploying cross platformClearly, if your goal is to have an application (web app or service) that can run on multiple platformssupported by Docker (Linux and Windows), the right choice is .NET Core, because .NET Frameworkonly supports Windows..NET Core also supports macOS as a development platform. However, when you deploy containers toa Docker host, that host must (currently) be based on Linux or Windows. For example, in adevelopment environment, you could use a Linux VM running on a Mac.Visual Studio provides an integrated development environment (IDE) for Windows and supportsDocker development.Visual Studio for Mac is an IDE, evolution of Xamarin Studio, that runs on macOS and supportsDocker-based application development. This should be the preferred choice for developers working inMac machines who also want to use a powerful IDE.12 CHAPTER 3 | Choosing Between .NET Core and .NET Framework for Docker Containers
You can also use Visual Studio Code on macOS, Linux, and Windows. Visual Studio Code fullysupports .NET Core, including IntelliSense and debugging. Because VS Code is a lightweight editor,you can use it to develop containerized apps on the Mac in conjunction with the Docker CLI and the.NET Core CLI. You can also target .NET Core with most third-party editors like Sublime, Emacs, vi, andthe open-source OmniSharp project, which also provides IntelliSense support.In addition to the IDEs and editors, you can use the .NET Core CLI for all supported platforms.Using containers for new (“green-field”) projectsContainers are commonly used in conjunction with a microservices architecture, although they canalso be used to containerize web apps or services that follow any architectural pattern. You can use.NET Framework on Windows Containers, but the modularity and lightweight nature of .NET Coremakes it perfect for containers and microservices architectures. When you create and deploy acontainer, its image is far smaller with .NET Core than with .NET Framework.Create and deploy microservices on containersYou could use the traditional .NET Framework for building microservices-based applications (withoutcontainers) by using plain processes. That way, because the .NET Framework is already installed andshared across processes, processes are light and fast to start. However, if you are using containers, theimage for the traditional .NET Framework is also based on Windows Server Core and that makes it tooheavy for a microservices-on-containers approach. However, teams have been looking foropportunities to improve the experience for .NET Framework users as well. Recently, size of theWindows Server Core container images have been reduced to >40% smaller.On the other hand, .NET Core is the best candidate if you’re embracing a microservices-orientedsystem that is based on containers, because .NET Core is lightweight. In addition, its related containerimages, for either Linux or Windows Nano Server, are lean and small, making containers light and fastto start.A microservice is meant to be as small as possible: to be light when spinning up, to have a smallfootprint, to have a small Bounded Context (check DDD, Domain-Driven Design), to represent a smallarea of concerns, and to be able to start and stop fast. For those requirements, you will want to usesmall and fast-to-instantiate container images like the .NET Core container image.A microservices architecture also allows you to mix technologies across a service boundary. Thisenables a gradual migration to .NET Core for new microservices that work in conjunction with othermicroservices or with services developed with Node.js, Python, Java, GoLang, or other technologies.Deploying high density in scalable systemsWhen your container-based system needs the best possible density, granularity, and performance,.NET Core and ASP.NET Core are your best options. ASP.NET Core is up to ten times faster thanASP.NET in the traditional .NET Framework, and it leads other popular industry technologies formicroservices, such as Java servlets, Go, and Node.js.This is especially relevant for microservices architectures, where you could have hundreds ofmicroservices (containers) running. With ASP.NET Core images (based on the .NET Core runtime) on13 CHAPTER 3 | Choosing Between .NET Core and .NET Framework for Docker Containers
Page 2 and 3: EDITION v3.1.1 - Updated to ASP.NET
Page 4 and 5: ContentsIntroduction ..............
Page 6 and 7: Communication styles ..............
Page 8 and 9: Using message brokers and services
Page 10 and 11: Additional resources ..............
Page 12 and 13: Issue security tokens from an ASP.N
Page 14 and 15: coinciding in time with the .NET Co
Page 16 and 17: similar to instantiating a process
Page 18 and 19: For VMs, there are three base layer
Page 20 and 21: (heavier), an image containing only
Page 22 and 23: The registry is like a bookshelf wh
Page 26 and 27: Linux or Windows Nano, you can run
Page 28 and 29: ImportantYour development machines
Page 30 and 31: Imagemcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/
Page 32 and 33: CHAPTER 4Architecting container and
Page 34 and 35: For example, in a typical e-commerc
Page 36 and 37: Figure 4-4. Publishing a single-con
Page 38 and 39: tmpfs mounts are basically virtual
Page 40 and 41: and decentralized data management)
Page 42 and 43: transactional purchase subsystems,
Page 44 and 45: business microservice composed of s
Page 46 and 47: purpose in another context, and mig
Page 48 and 49: Figure 4-9. A microservice can’t
Page 50 and 51: Therefore, in order to enforce micr
Page 52 and 53: entities can be defined, depending
Page 54 and 55: The API gateway pattern versus the
Page 56 and 57: actions impact maintenance pretty b
Page 58 and 59: Figure 4-13.1. Using multiple custo
Page 60 and 61: Azure API ManagementAzure API Manag
Page 62 and 63: • If the API Gateway is developed
Page 64 and 65: A microservice-based application wi
Page 66 and 67: You might use any protocol to commu
Page 68 and 69: Figure 4-17. One-to-one real-time a
Page 70 and 71: Note that when the commands come fr
Page 72 and 73: service-bus features on top of lowe
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Microservices addressability and th
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Figure 4-21. Example of a composite
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the event order is challenging. In
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• Connect Windows computers to th
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Software platforms for container cl
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Figure 4-25. Running Kubernetes in
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This feature is based on URL prefix
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Additional resources• Visual Stud
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Step 1. Start coding and create you
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Figure 5-3. Enabling Docker Support
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FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/
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1 FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/cor
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For the final optimization, it just
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Step 4. Define your services in doc
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Figure 5-7. Adding Docker support i
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Using Docker CLITo run a multi-cont
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Figure 5-14. Example of testing you
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Additional resources• aspnet-dock
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to consume. It should also be able
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Figure 6-1. The eShopOnContainers r
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deployment architecture can bring d
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Figure 6-2. External versus interna
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Multi-architectural pattern and pol
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Figure 6-6. Creating an ASP.NET Cor
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any SQL Server, such as Windows on-
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.Take(pageSize).ToListAsync();items
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# docker-compose.override.yml#catal
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microservice, either data-driven mi
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The Swashbuckle generated Swagger U
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Figure 6-10. Swagger JSON metadataI
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basket-api:image: eshop/basket-apie
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Using docker-compose files to targe
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Figure 6-12. Multiple docker-compos
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#docker-compose.override.yml (Exten
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docker-compose.prod.yml with differ
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Additional resources• Building Op
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Log.Information("Starting web host
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}static IEnumerable<CatalogType> Ge
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Implementing event-based communicat
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}}OldPrice = oldPrice;The integrati
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use the API and abstractions provid
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Implementing a simple publish metho
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Subscribing to eventsThe first step
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Let’s go back to the initial issu
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The approach illustrated in Figure
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After the ProductPriceChangedIntegr
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the system handles the event. Messa
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• Chris Richardson. Event Sourcin
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Integration testing ensures that an
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Unit and integration test per micro
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Since .NET Core 2.0, the framework
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The IHostedService as defined in .N
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public class GracePeriodManagerServ
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• GenericHost Sample using ASP.NE
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Figure 6-30. Sample Web API microse
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This command only runs the catalog-
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The important point here for Ocelot
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Using a single Docker container ima
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- "5203:80"volumes:- ./src/ApiGatew
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Figure 6-38. Zoom in vision of the
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In any case, if the app is secured
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Using Kubernetes Ingress plus Ocelo
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CHAPTER 7Tackle BusinessComplexity
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DDD books• Eric Evans. Domain-Dri
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Figure 7-2. Simplified CQRS- and DD
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There is only one application archi
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Dapper is an open-source project (o
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}}}@"SELECT o.[Id] as ordernumber,o
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https://docs.microsoft.com/archive/
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The three layers in a DDD microserv
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Thus, your layers or class librarie
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has a lot of logic implemented in t
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The Aggregate patternA domain model
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Additional resources• Vaughn Vern
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Figure 7-11. The order aggregate in
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For example, following DDD patterns
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Additional resources• Vaughn Vern
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{if (!_requestedHashCode.HasValue)_
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Figure 7-13. Address value object w
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}{return false;}}return !thisValues
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Just by looking at the domain model
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• The identity (key) of an owned
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public abstract class Enumeration :
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if the validation fails. There are
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• Martin Fowler. Replacing Throwi
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What is a domain event?An event is
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It is important to understand that
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public class OrderStartedDomainEven
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Notice that the only thing that the
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current state of the aggregates. Th
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{}IIdentityService identityService)
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The Repository patternRepositories
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public interface IOrderRepository :
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• Eric Evans. Domain-Driven Desig
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Note that the OrderItems property c
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suggested by this guide have severa
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The repository instance lifetime in
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orderConfiguration.Property<int?>("
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// GENERIC SPECIFICATION IMPLEMENTA
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Use NoSQL databases as a persistenc
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When you use a C# model to implemen
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As shown in the following image, by
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Figure 7-22. MongoDB API NuGet pack
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Retrieve the dataIn C# code, like W
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Design the microservice application
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application’s Startup class. Your
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Use Autofac as an IoC containerYou
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Figure 7-24 shows that the UI app s
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}CardTypeId = cardTypeId;CardExpira
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As an example of a command handler
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Figure 7-25. Using the Mediator pat
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Additionally, async commands are on
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var createOrderCommand = new Create
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// CreateOrderCommandHandler.cspubl
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public class MediatorModule : Autof
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public class CreateOrderCommandVali
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CHAPTER 8Implement resilientapplica
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Figure 8-2. The impact of having an
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certain failure scenarios faster th
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public async Task<IActionResult> Up
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Issues with the original HttpClient
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Figure 8-4. Using IHttpClientFactor
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Implement your Typed Client classes
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Implement HTTP call retries with ex
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complete failure of a service. In t
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One option is to lower the allowed
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Additional resources• Circuit Bre
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CancellationToken cancellationToken
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tags: new string[] { "catalogstorag
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HealthChecksUI is easy to consume w
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CHAPTER 9Make secure .NETMicroservi
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public void ConfigureServices(IServ
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TipAll details are handled by the a
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}});options.Scope.Add("webshoppinga
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The parameters in this usage are:
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In this example, only users in the
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code and making sure not to store s
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ImportantWe recommend that you regi
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CLI versus IDE. With Microsoft tool
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