NET-Microservices-Architecture-for-Containerized-NET-Applications

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EDITION v3.1.1 - Updated to ASP.NET Core 3.1DOWNLOAD available at: https://aka.ms/microservicesebookPUBLISHED BYMicrosoft Developer Division, .NET and Visual Studio product teamsA division of Microsoft CorporationOne Microsoft WayRedmond, Washington 98052-6399Copyright © 2020 by Microsoft CorporationAll rights reserved. No part of the contents of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means without thewritten permission of the publisher.This book is provided “as-is” and expresses the author’s views and opinions. The views, opinions and information expressed in this book,including URL and other Internet website references, may change without notice.Some examples depicted herein are provided for illustration only and are fictitious. No real association or connection is intended orshould be inferred.Microsoft and the trademarks listed at http://www.microsoft.com on the “Trademarks” webpage are trademarks of the Microsoft groupof companies.Mac and macOS are trademarks of Apple Inc.The Docker whale logo is a registered trademark of Docker, Inc. Used by permission.All other marks and logos are property of their respective owners.Co-Authors:Editors:Cesar de la Torre, Sr. PM, .NET product team, Microsoft Corp.Bill Wagner, Sr. Content Developer, C+E, Microsoft Corp.Mike PopeSteve HoagMike Rousos, Principal Software Engineer, DevDiv CAT team, MicrosoftParticipants and reviewers:Jeffrey Richter, Partner Software Eng, Azure team, MicrosoftJimmy Bogard, Chief Architect at HeadspringUdi Dahan, Founder & CEO, Particular SoftwareJimmy Nilsson, Co-founder and CEO of Factor10Glenn Condron, Sr. Program Manager, ASP.NET teamMark Fussell, Principal PM Lead, Azure Service Fabric team, MicrosoftDiego Vega, PM Lead, Entity Framework team, MicrosoftBarry Dorrans, Sr. Security Program ManagerRowan Miller, Sr. Program Manager, MicrosoftAnkit Asthana, Principal PM Manager, .NET team, MicrosoftScott Hunter, Partner Director PM, .NET team, MicrosoftDylan Reisenberger, Architect and Dev Lead at PollySteve “ardalis” Smith - Software Architect and Trainer - Ardalis.comIan Cooper, Coding Architect at BrighterUnai Zorrilla, Architect and Dev Lead at Plain ConceptsEduard Tomas, Dev Lead at Plain ConceptsRamon Tomas, Developer at Plain ConceptsDavid Sanz, Developer at Plain ConceptsJavier Valero, Chief Operating Officer at Grupo SolutioPierre Millet, Sr. Consultant, MicrosoftMichael Friis, Product Manager, Docker IncCharles Lowell, Software Engineer, VS CAT team, MicrosoftMiguel Veloso, Software Development Engineer at Plain ConceptsNish Anil, Sr. Program Manager, .NET team, Microsoft
Getting startedThis guide is an introduction to developing microservices-based applications and managing themusing containers. It discusses architectural design and implementation approaches using .NET Coreand Docker containers.To make it easier to get started, the guide focuses on a reference containerized and microservicebasedapplication that you can explore. The reference application is available at theeShopOnContainers GitHub repo.Action links• This e-book is also available in a PDF format (English version only) Download• Clone/Fork the reference application eShopOnContainers on GitHub• Watch the introductory video on Channel 9• Get to know the Microservices Architecture right awayRelated microservice and container-based reference application:eShopOnContainersThe eShopOnContainers application is an open-source reference app for .NET Core and microservicesthat is designed to be deployed using Docker containers. The application consists of multiplesubsystems, including several e-store UI front ends (a Web MVC app, a Web SPA, and a native mobileapp). It also includes the back-end microservices and containers for all required server-sideoperations.The purpose of the application is to showcase architectural patterns. IT IS NOT A PRODUCTION-READY TEMPLATE to start real-world applications. In fact, the application is in a permanent betastate, as it’s also used to test new potentially interesting technologies as they show up.Send us your feedback!We wrote this guide to help you understand the architecture of containerized applications andmicroservices in .NET. The guide and related reference application will be evolving, so we welcomeyour feedback! If you have comments about how this guide can be improved, please send them to:dotnet-architecture-ebooks-feedback@service.microsoft.com
Page 4 and 5: ContentsIntroduction ..............
Page 6 and 7: Communication styles ..............
Page 8 and 9: Using message brokers and services
Page 10 and 11: Additional resources ..............
Page 12 and 13: Issue security tokens from an ASP.N
Page 14 and 15: coinciding in time with the .NET Co
Page 16 and 17: similar to instantiating a process
Page 18 and 19: For VMs, there are three base layer
Page 20 and 21: (heavier), an image containing only
Page 22 and 23: The registry is like a bookshelf wh
Page 24 and 25: • You need to use Windows APIs th
Page 26 and 27: Linux or Windows Nano, you can run
Page 28 and 29: ImportantYour development machines
Page 30 and 31: Imagemcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/
Page 32 and 33: CHAPTER 4Architecting container and
Page 34 and 35: For example, in a typical e-commerc
Page 36 and 37: Figure 4-4. Publishing a single-con
Page 38 and 39: tmpfs mounts are basically virtual
Page 40 and 41: and decentralized data management)
Page 42 and 43: transactional purchase subsystems,
Page 44 and 45: business microservice composed of s
Page 46 and 47: purpose in another context, and mig
Page 48 and 49: Figure 4-9. A microservice can’t
Page 50 and 51: Therefore, in order to enforce micr
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entities can be defined, depending
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The API gateway pattern versus the
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actions impact maintenance pretty b
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Figure 4-13.1. Using multiple custo
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Azure API ManagementAzure API Manag
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• If the API Gateway is developed
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A microservice-based application wi
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You might use any protocol to commu
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Figure 4-17. One-to-one real-time a
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Note that when the commands come fr
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service-bus features on top of lowe
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Microservices addressability and th
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Figure 4-21. Example of a composite
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the event order is challenging. In
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• Connect Windows computers to th
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Software platforms for container cl
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Figure 4-25. Running Kubernetes in
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This feature is based on URL prefix
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Additional resources• Visual Stud
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Step 1. Start coding and create you
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Figure 5-3. Enabling Docker Support
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FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/
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1 FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/cor
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For the final optimization, it just
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Step 4. Define your services in doc
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Figure 5-7. Adding Docker support i
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Using Docker CLITo run a multi-cont
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Figure 5-14. Example of testing you
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Additional resources• aspnet-dock
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to consume. It should also be able
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Figure 6-1. The eShopOnContainers r
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deployment architecture can bring d
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Figure 6-2. External versus interna
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Multi-architectural pattern and pol
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Figure 6-6. Creating an ASP.NET Cor
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any SQL Server, such as Windows on-
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.Take(pageSize).ToListAsync();items
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# docker-compose.override.yml#catal
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microservice, either data-driven mi
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The Swashbuckle generated Swagger U
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Figure 6-10. Swagger JSON metadataI
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basket-api:image: eshop/basket-apie
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Using docker-compose files to targe
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Figure 6-12. Multiple docker-compos
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#docker-compose.override.yml (Exten
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docker-compose.prod.yml with differ
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Additional resources• Building Op
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Log.Information("Starting web host
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}static IEnumerable<CatalogType> Ge
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Implementing event-based communicat
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}}OldPrice = oldPrice;The integrati
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use the API and abstractions provid
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Implementing a simple publish metho
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Subscribing to eventsThe first step
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Let’s go back to the initial issu
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The approach illustrated in Figure
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After the ProductPriceChangedIntegr
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the system handles the event. Messa
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• Chris Richardson. Event Sourcin
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Integration testing ensures that an
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Unit and integration test per micro
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Since .NET Core 2.0, the framework
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The IHostedService as defined in .N
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public class GracePeriodManagerServ
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• GenericHost Sample using ASP.NE
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Figure 6-30. Sample Web API microse
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This command only runs the catalog-
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The important point here for Ocelot
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Using a single Docker container ima
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- "5203:80"volumes:- ./src/ApiGatew
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Figure 6-38. Zoom in vision of the
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In any case, if the app is secured
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Using Kubernetes Ingress plus Ocelo
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CHAPTER 7Tackle BusinessComplexity
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DDD books• Eric Evans. Domain-Dri
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Figure 7-2. Simplified CQRS- and DD
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There is only one application archi
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Dapper is an open-source project (o
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}}}@"SELECT o.[Id] as ordernumber,o
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https://docs.microsoft.com/archive/
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The three layers in a DDD microserv
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Thus, your layers or class librarie
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has a lot of logic implemented in t
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The Aggregate patternA domain model
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Additional resources• Vaughn Vern
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Figure 7-11. The order aggregate in
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For example, following DDD patterns
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Additional resources• Vaughn Vern
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{if (!_requestedHashCode.HasValue)_
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Figure 7-13. Address value object w
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}{return false;}}return !thisValues
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Just by looking at the domain model
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• The identity (key) of an owned
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public abstract class Enumeration :
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if the validation fails. There are
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• Martin Fowler. Replacing Throwi
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What is a domain event?An event is
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It is important to understand that
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public class OrderStartedDomainEven
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Notice that the only thing that the
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current state of the aggregates. Th
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{}IIdentityService identityService)
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The Repository patternRepositories
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public interface IOrderRepository :
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• Eric Evans. Domain-Driven Desig
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Note that the OrderItems property c
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suggested by this guide have severa
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The repository instance lifetime in
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orderConfiguration.Property<int?>("
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// GENERIC SPECIFICATION IMPLEMENTA
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Use NoSQL databases as a persistenc
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When you use a C# model to implemen
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As shown in the following image, by
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Figure 7-22. MongoDB API NuGet pack
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Retrieve the dataIn C# code, like W
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Design the microservice application
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application’s Startup class. Your
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Use Autofac as an IoC containerYou
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Figure 7-24 shows that the UI app s
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}CardTypeId = cardTypeId;CardExpira
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As an example of a command handler
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Figure 7-25. Using the Mediator pat
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Additionally, async commands are on
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var createOrderCommand = new Create
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// CreateOrderCommandHandler.cspubl
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public class MediatorModule : Autof
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public class CreateOrderCommandVali
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CHAPTER 8Implement resilientapplica
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Figure 8-2. The impact of having an
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certain failure scenarios faster th
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public async Task<IActionResult> Up
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Issues with the original HttpClient
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Figure 8-4. Using IHttpClientFactor
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Implement your Typed Client classes
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Implement HTTP call retries with ex
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complete failure of a service. In t
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One option is to lower the allowed
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Additional resources• Circuit Bre
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CancellationToken cancellationToken
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tags: new string[] { "catalogstorag
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HealthChecksUI is easy to consume w
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CHAPTER 9Make secure .NETMicroservi
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public void ConfigureServices(IServ
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TipAll details are handled by the a
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}});options.Scope.Add("webshoppinga
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The parameters in this usage are:
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In this example, only users in the
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code and making sure not to store s
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ImportantWe recommend that you regi
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CLI versus IDE. With Microsoft tool
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