NET-Microservices-Architecture-for-Containerized-NET-Applications

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ContentsIntroduction ............................................................................................................................. 1About this guide ....................................................................................................................................................................... 1Version ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 1What this guide does not cover ......................................................................................................................................... 2Additional resources .......................................................................................................................................................... 2Who should use this guide .................................................................................................................................................. 2How to use this guide ....................................................................................................................................................... 2Introduction to Containers and Docker ................................................................................ 3What is Docker? ........................................................................................................................................................................ 4Comparing Docker containers with virtual machines ........................................................................................... 5A simple analogy ................................................................................................................................................................. 6Docker terminology ................................................................................................................................................................ 7Docker containers, images, and registries ..................................................................................................................... 9Choosing Between .NET Core and .NET Framework for Docker Containers ................... 11General guidance .................................................................................................................................................................. 11When to choose .NET Core for Docker containers .................................................................................................. 12Developing and deploying cross platform ............................................................................................................ 12Using containers for new (“green-field”) projects ............................................................................................... 13Create and deploy microservices on containers .................................................................................................. 13Deploying high density in scalable systems .......................................................................................................... 13When to choose .NET Framework for Docker containers ..................................................................................... 14Migrating existing applications directly to a Windows Server container .................................................. 14Using third-party .NET libraries or NuGet packages not available for .NET Core .................................. 14Using .NET technologies not available for .NET Core ........................................................................................ 14Using a platform or API that doesn’t support .NET Core ................................................................................. 15Decision table: .NET frameworks to use for Docker ................................................................................................ 15What OS to target with .NET containers ...................................................................................................................... 16Additional resources ....................................................................................................................................................... 18iContents
Official .NET Docker images ............................................................................................................................................. 18.NET Core and Docker image optimizations for development versus production ................................ 18Architecting container and microservice-based applications .......................................... 20Container design principles .............................................................................................................................................. 20Containerizing monolithic applications ....................................................................................................................... 21Deploying a monolithic application as a container ............................................................................................ 23Publishing a single-container-based application to Azure App Service .................................................... 23State and data in Docker applications.......................................................................................................................... 24Service-oriented architecture ........................................................................................................................................... 27Microservices architecture ................................................................................................................................................. 27Additional resources ....................................................................................................................................................... 29Data sovereignty per microservice ................................................................................................................................ 29The relationship between microservices and the Bounded Context pattern ........................................... 31Logical architecture versus physical architecture ..................................................................................................... 32Challenges and solutions for distributed data management .............................................................................. 33Challenge #1: How to define the boundaries of each microservice ............................................................ 33Challenge #2: How to create queries that retrieve data from several microservices ............................ 34Challenge #3: How to achieve consistency across multiple microservices ............................................... 35Challenge #4: How to design communication across microservice boundaries .................................... 37Additional resources ....................................................................................................................................................... 38Identify domain-model boundaries for each microservice .................................................................................. 38The API gateway pattern versus the Direct client-to-microservice communication .................................. 42Direct client-to-microservice communication ...................................................................................................... 42Why consider API Gateways instead of direct client-to-microservice communication ....................... 43What is the API Gateway pattern? ............................................................................................................................. 44Main features in the API Gateway pattern ............................................................................................................. 46Using products with API Gateway features ............................................................................................................ 47Drawbacks of the API Gateway pattern ................................................................................................................... 49Additional resources ....................................................................................................................................................... 50Communication in a microservice architecture ........................................................................................................ 50Communication types .................................................................................................................................................... 51Asynchronous microservice integration enforces microservice’s autonomy ........................................... 52iiContents
Page 2 and 3: EDITION v3.1.1 - Updated to ASP.NET
Page 6 and 7: Communication styles ..............
Page 8 and 9: Using message brokers and services
Page 10 and 11: Additional resources ..............
Page 12 and 13: Issue security tokens from an ASP.N
Page 14 and 15: coinciding in time with the .NET Co
Page 16 and 17: similar to instantiating a process
Page 18 and 19: For VMs, there are three base layer
Page 20 and 21: (heavier), an image containing only
Page 22 and 23: The registry is like a bookshelf wh
Page 24 and 25: • You need to use Windows APIs th
Page 26 and 27: Linux or Windows Nano, you can run
Page 28 and 29: ImportantYour development machines
Page 30 and 31: Imagemcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/
Page 32 and 33: CHAPTER 4Architecting container and
Page 34 and 35: For example, in a typical e-commerc
Page 36 and 37: Figure 4-4. Publishing a single-con
Page 38 and 39: tmpfs mounts are basically virtual
Page 40 and 41: and decentralized data management)
Page 42 and 43: transactional purchase subsystems,
Page 44 and 45: business microservice composed of s
Page 46 and 47: purpose in another context, and mig
Page 48 and 49: Figure 4-9. A microservice can’t
Page 50 and 51: Therefore, in order to enforce micr
Page 52 and 53: entities can be defined, depending
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The API gateway pattern versus the
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actions impact maintenance pretty b
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Figure 4-13.1. Using multiple custo
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Azure API ManagementAzure API Manag
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• If the API Gateway is developed
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A microservice-based application wi
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You might use any protocol to commu
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Figure 4-17. One-to-one real-time a
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Note that when the commands come fr
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service-bus features on top of lowe
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Microservices addressability and th
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Figure 4-21. Example of a composite
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the event order is challenging. In
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• Connect Windows computers to th
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Software platforms for container cl
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Figure 4-25. Running Kubernetes in
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This feature is based on URL prefix
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Additional resources• Visual Stud
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Step 1. Start coding and create you
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Figure 5-3. Enabling Docker Support
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FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/core/
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1 FROM mcr.microsoft.com/dotnet/cor
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For the final optimization, it just
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Step 4. Define your services in doc
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Figure 5-7. Adding Docker support i
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Using Docker CLITo run a multi-cont
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Figure 5-14. Example of testing you
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Additional resources• aspnet-dock
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to consume. It should also be able
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Figure 6-1. The eShopOnContainers r
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deployment architecture can bring d
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Figure 6-2. External versus interna
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Multi-architectural pattern and pol
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Figure 6-6. Creating an ASP.NET Cor
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any SQL Server, such as Windows on-
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.Take(pageSize).ToListAsync();items
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# docker-compose.override.yml#catal
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microservice, either data-driven mi
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The Swashbuckle generated Swagger U
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Figure 6-10. Swagger JSON metadataI
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basket-api:image: eshop/basket-apie
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Using docker-compose files to targe
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Figure 6-12. Multiple docker-compos
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#docker-compose.override.yml (Exten
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docker-compose.prod.yml with differ
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Additional resources• Building Op
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Log.Information("Starting web host
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}static IEnumerable<CatalogType> Ge
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Implementing event-based communicat
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}}OldPrice = oldPrice;The integrati
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use the API and abstractions provid
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Implementing a simple publish metho
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Subscribing to eventsThe first step
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Let’s go back to the initial issu
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The approach illustrated in Figure
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After the ProductPriceChangedIntegr
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the system handles the event. Messa
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• Chris Richardson. Event Sourcin
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Integration testing ensures that an
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Unit and integration test per micro
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Since .NET Core 2.0, the framework
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The IHostedService as defined in .N
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public class GracePeriodManagerServ
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• GenericHost Sample using ASP.NE
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Figure 6-30. Sample Web API microse
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This command only runs the catalog-
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The important point here for Ocelot
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Using a single Docker container ima
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- "5203:80"volumes:- ./src/ApiGatew
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Figure 6-38. Zoom in vision of the
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In any case, if the app is secured
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Using Kubernetes Ingress plus Ocelo
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CHAPTER 7Tackle BusinessComplexity
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DDD books• Eric Evans. Domain-Dri
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Figure 7-2. Simplified CQRS- and DD
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There is only one application archi
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Dapper is an open-source project (o
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}}}@"SELECT o.[Id] as ordernumber,o
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https://docs.microsoft.com/archive/
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The three layers in a DDD microserv
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Thus, your layers or class librarie
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has a lot of logic implemented in t
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The Aggregate patternA domain model
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Additional resources• Vaughn Vern
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Figure 7-11. The order aggregate in
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For example, following DDD patterns
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Additional resources• Vaughn Vern
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{if (!_requestedHashCode.HasValue)_
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Figure 7-13. Address value object w
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}{return false;}}return !thisValues
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Just by looking at the domain model
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• The identity (key) of an owned
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public abstract class Enumeration :
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if the validation fails. There are
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• Martin Fowler. Replacing Throwi
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What is a domain event?An event is
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It is important to understand that
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public class OrderStartedDomainEven
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Notice that the only thing that the
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current state of the aggregates. Th
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{}IIdentityService identityService)
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The Repository patternRepositories
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public interface IOrderRepository :
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• Eric Evans. Domain-Driven Desig
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Note that the OrderItems property c
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suggested by this guide have severa
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The repository instance lifetime in
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orderConfiguration.Property<int?>("
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// GENERIC SPECIFICATION IMPLEMENTA
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Use NoSQL databases as a persistenc
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When you use a C# model to implemen
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As shown in the following image, by
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Figure 7-22. MongoDB API NuGet pack
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Retrieve the dataIn C# code, like W
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Design the microservice application
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application’s Startup class. Your
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Use Autofac as an IoC containerYou
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Figure 7-24 shows that the UI app s
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}CardTypeId = cardTypeId;CardExpira
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As an example of a command handler
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Figure 7-25. Using the Mediator pat
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Additionally, async commands are on
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var createOrderCommand = new Create
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// CreateOrderCommandHandler.cspubl
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public class MediatorModule : Autof
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public class CreateOrderCommandVali
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CHAPTER 8Implement resilientapplica
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Figure 8-2. The impact of having an
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certain failure scenarios faster th
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public async Task<IActionResult> Up
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Issues with the original HttpClient
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Figure 8-4. Using IHttpClientFactor
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Implement your Typed Client classes
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Implement HTTP call retries with ex
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complete failure of a service. In t
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One option is to lower the allowed
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Additional resources• Circuit Bre
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CancellationToken cancellationToken
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tags: new string[] { "catalogstorag
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HealthChecksUI is easy to consume w
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CHAPTER 9Make secure .NETMicroservi
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public void ConfigureServices(IServ
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TipAll details are handled by the a
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}});options.Scope.Add("webshoppinga
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The parameters in this usage are:
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In this example, only users in the
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code and making sure not to store s
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ImportantWe recommend that you regi
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CLI versus IDE. With Microsoft tool
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