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Water and Wastewater Engineering - Sciences Club
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Dedication<br />
To all the professionals in the water <strong>and</strong> wastewater industry who give of their time <strong>and</strong> wisdom<br />
to the generations that follow, <strong>and</strong> especially to<br />
M yron Erickson, P.E<br />
Thomas C. Gavin, P.E.<br />
Ti mothy D. McNamara, P.E.<br />
Thomas Newhof, P.E., BCEE<br />
Lucy B. Pugh, P.E., BCEE<br />
Carlos A. Sanlley, Ph.D.<br />
J i mmy L. Spangler, P.E.<br />
Jeffrey R. Stollhans, P.G.<br />
for the advice <strong>and</strong> wisdom they shared to make this book possible.
Dedication To all the professionals in the water <strong>and</strong> wastewater industry who give of their time <strong>and</strong> wisdom to the generations that follow, <strong>and</strong> especially to M yron Erickson, P.E Thomas C. Gavin, P.E. Ti mothy D. McNamara, P.E. Thomas Newhof, P.E., BCEE Lucy B. Pugh, P.E., BCEE Carlos A. Sanlley, Ph.D. J i mmy L. Spangler, P.E. Jeffrey R. Stollhans, P.G. for the advice <strong>and</strong> wisdom they shared to make this book possible.
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- Page 2 and 3: List of the elements with their sym
- Page 4 and 5: WATER AND WASTEWATER ENGINEERING
- Page 6 and 7: WATER AND WASTEWATER ENGINEERING De
- Page 10 and 11: ABOUT THE AUTHOR Mackenzie L. Davis
- Page 12 and 13: This book is designed for use by pr
- Page 14 and 15: Larry Sanford, Assistant Supervisor
- Page 16 and 17: PROFESSIONAL ADVISORY BOARD Myron E
- Page 18 and 19: Lucy B. Pugh, P. E., BCEE, Vice Pre
- Page 20 and 21: Preface 1 The Design and Constructi
- Page 22 and 23: 7-10 Problems 7-40 7-11 Discussion
- Page 24 and 25: 15 Water Plant Residuals Management
- Page 26 and 27: 22 Wastewater Microbiology 22-1 22-
- Page 28 and 29: Appendix A A-1 Properties of Air, W
- Page 30 and 31: 1-1 INTRODUCTION 1-2 PROJECT PARTIC
- Page 32 and 33: TABLE 1-1 Some observed professiona
- Page 34 and 35: In alternative approaches such as d
- Page 36 and 37: The client’s view of the project
- Page 38 and 39: eading journal articles, and partic
- Page 40 and 41: Establishment of Design Criteria. D
- Page 42 and 43: TABLE 1-3 Guidance for minimum equi
- Page 44 and 45: S ite limitations. The location and
- Page 46 and 47: In conjunction with the client, the
- Page 48 and 49: equirements because an initial assu
- Page 50 and 51: points in the construction be ident
- Page 52 and 53: documents (EJCDC, 2002). Not withst
- Page 54 and 55: 1-10 1-3. 1-4. 1-1. 1-2. 1-3. The c
- Page 56 and 57: Metcalf & Eddy, Inc. (2003) Wastewa
- Page 58 and 59:
2-1 WATER DEMAND 2-2 WATER SOURCE E
- Page 60 and 61:
TABLE 2-1 Design periods for water
- Page 62 and 63:
TABLE 2-3 Typical wastewater flow r
- Page 64 and 65:
TABLE 2-5 Typical changes in water
- Page 66 and 67:
Population water source Groundwater
- Page 68 and 69:
2-11 TABLE 2-7 Average monthly disc
- Page 70 and 71:
GENERAL WATER SUPPLY DESIGN CONSIDE
- Page 72 and 73:
TABLE 2-9 Theoretical relationship
- Page 74 and 75:
1995 Jan 2.89 0.1445 0.387 0.25 0.6
- Page 76 and 77:
GENERAL WATER SUPPLY DESIGN CONSIDE
- Page 78 and 79:
GENERAL WATER SUPPLY DESIGN CONSIDE
- Page 80 and 81:
3. 4. GENERAL WATER SUPPLY DESIGN C
- Page 82 and 83:
GENERAL WATER SUPPLY DESIGN CONSIDE
- Page 84 and 85:
GENERAL WATER SUPPLY DESIGN CONSIDE
- Page 86 and 87:
TABLE 2-13 Examples of sources to b
- Page 88 and 89:
2-31 Organics Ethylbenzene 0.7 0.7
- Page 90 and 91:
2-33 Microbials Cryptosporidium Zer
- Page 92 and 93:
TABLE 2-16 Maximum contaminant leve
- Page 94 and 95:
TABLE 2-17 Secondary maximum contam
- Page 96 and 97:
GENERAL WATER SUPPLY DESIGN CONSIDE
- Page 98 and 99:
2-41 Squannacook River near West Gr
- Page 100 and 101:
2-8. GENERAL WATER SUPPLY DESIGN CO
- Page 102 and 103:
a plot on probability paper. Using
- Page 104 and 105:
3-1 INTRODUCTION 3-2 DESIGN ELEMENT
- Page 106 and 107:
3-3 Max w.s. 4-vertical mixed flow
- Page 108 and 109:
TABLE 3-2 Types of intake structure
- Page 110 and 111:
Perforated pipe Perforated pipe Col
- Page 112 and 113:
TABLE 3-4 Intake port design criter
- Page 114 and 115:
The unit space occupied by a bar an
- Page 116 and 117:
75 m diameter piping Water surface
- Page 118 and 119:
Slope. To avoid air blockage, the c
- Page 120 and 121:
Pump Criteria Pump Type. The most c
- Page 122 and 123:
The AFD allows changes in the flow
- Page 124 and 125:
v 2 d /2g Datum EGL HGL H baronetri
- Page 126 and 127:
1 2 �h s �h s Datum h a FIGURE
- Page 128 and 129:
Total dynamic head, m 20 19 18 17 1
- Page 130 and 131:
P umps are selected from those comm
- Page 132 and 133:
e. From Figure 3-16 , the maximum T
- Page 134 and 135:
Slope. The gallery can be horizonta
- Page 136 and 137:
Heating the water at the intake por
- Page 138 and 139:
Hints from the Field. Operation and
- Page 140 and 141:
3-2. 3-3. 3-4. Design a shore river
- Page 142 and 143:
Elev. = 335.1 m FIGURE P-3-6 Condui
- Page 144 and 145:
3-8 3-9 3-1. 3-2. (3) efficiency at
- Page 146 and 147:
4-1 INTRODUCTION 4-2 DESIGN ELEMENT
- Page 148 and 149:
quality standards, the strata that
- Page 150 and 151:
TABLE 4-1 Typical isolation distanc
- Page 152 and 153:
Pump discharge Large diameter sucti
- Page 154 and 155:
Grout overflow Drilled hole diamete
- Page 156 and 157:
Minimum of 4 m of water at start of
- Page 158 and 159:
pressure, the vent is essential to
- Page 160 and 161:
Protective casing Ventilation To wa
- Page 162 and 163:
In either instance, the degree of i
- Page 164 and 165:
TABLE 4 -3 (continued) Values of W(
- Page 166 and 167:
Drawdown, m 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 t o
- Page 168 and 169:
In addition, because each well is i
- Page 170 and 171:
Surface of seepage h iw 2r w h w Tr
- Page 172 and 173:
motor and pump are in the water in
- Page 174 and 175:
located by hydraulic analysis to lo
- Page 176 and 177:
Cumulative percent retained 100 90
- Page 178 and 179:
Screen Diameter The selection of a
- Page 180 and 181:
An analysis of the water indicates
- Page 182 and 183:
3 × − ( 225 . )( 2. 818 10 m/s)(
- Page 184 and 185:
The open area of the screen is The
- Page 186 and 187:
NPSH A � 9.6 m 38.7 m NPSH R �
- Page 188 and 189:
4-3. 4-4. 4-5. 4-6. 4-7. 4-8. 4-9.
- Page 190 and 191:
N 4-19. 002 004 FIGURE P-4-18 50 m
- Page 192 and 193:
2 137.5 m Plant Proposed new well 6
- Page 194 and 195:
4-24. EXTRACT FROM WELL LOG Locatio
- Page 196 and 197:
4-7 4-8 4-1. 4-2. 4-3. 4-4. 40.0 60
- Page 198 and 199:
5-1 INTRODUCTION 5-2 REDUNDANCY AND
- Page 200 and 201:
Unloading may be accomplished by pn
- Page 202 and 203:
c. From Table 5-1 , an interruptibl
- Page 204 and 205:
Liquified Gases. Gases are normally
- Page 206 and 207:
TABLE 5-2 Dry feeder characteristic
- Page 208 and 209:
5-11 5 cm schedule 80 pvc fill line
- Page 210 and 211:
Chlorine gas feeder Remote from con
- Page 212 and 213:
5-15 TABLE 5-5 Recommended material
- Page 214 and 215:
⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ 3 ( 4750 , kg/d
- Page 216 and 217:
5-19 Chemical (D = dry; L = liquid;
- Page 218 and 219:
5-9 CHAPTER REVIEW When you have co
- Page 220 and 221:
5-5. 5-6. 5-7. chlorine gas cylinde
- Page 222 and 223:
5-12 REFERENCES Anderson, J. L. (20
- Page 224 and 225:
6-1 INTRODUCTION 6-2 CHARACTERISTIC
- Page 226 and 227:
condition the small particles for s
- Page 228 and 229:
� Anode Negatively charged ion Pa
- Page 230 and 231:
TABLE 6-1 Frequently used inorganic
- Page 232 and 233:
As shown in Figure 6-5 b, the charg
- Page 234 and 235:
Case I Acid is added to carbonate b
- Page 236 and 237:
pH 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
- Page 238 and 239:
educed and is generally not an oper
- Page 240 and 241:
Log [Fe], mol/L �2 �3 �4 �5
- Page 242 and 243:
Jar test II Jar numbers 1 2 3 4 5 6
- Page 244 and 245:
Example 6-4 illustrates the impact
- Page 246 and 247:
Polymer. In rare instances, usually
- Page 248 and 249:
The velocity gradient may be though
- Page 250 and 251:
The focus of this discussion is on
- Page 252 and 253:
Example 6-5. Using Table 6-4 select
- Page 254 and 255:
Pressure drop per element, kPa 1000
- Page 256 and 257:
i. Estimate Gt. �1 Gt �( 241. 9
- Page 258 and 259:
n � rotational speed, revolutions
- Page 260 and 261:
Flocculation Mixing Design Criteria
- Page 262 and 263:
A B C 3 Q � 10000 m3 /d 4 0.116 m
- Page 264 and 265:
n. Execute solve to find the number
- Page 266 and 267:
d. Each basin is divided into three
- Page 268 and 269:
TABLE 6-7 Design recommendations fo
- Page 270 and 271:
�3 j. Each paddle wheel is then 6
- Page 272 and 273:
Comments: 1. Because G i s tapered,
- Page 274 and 275:
6-4. 6-5. 6-6. 6-7. Calculate the
- Page 276 and 277:
6-14. 6-15. at 175 rpm has been shi
- Page 278 and 279:
6-20. 6-21. 4. Compartment length
- Page 280 and 281:
6-23. For each compartment L � W
- Page 282 and 283:
Packham, R. F. (1965) “Some Studi
- Page 284 and 285:
7-1 HARDNESS 7-2 LIME-SODA SOFTENIN
- Page 286 and 287:
Extremely soft Very soft Soft to mo
- Page 288 and 289:
discrepancy between the cation and
- Page 290 and 291:
The product of the activity of the
- Page 292 and 293:
4. Removal of noncarbonate hardness
- Page 294 and 295:
log[Ca 2+ ] 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 -10 2 FIG
- Page 296 and 297:
(a) (b) (c) CO 2 CO 2 CO 2 Ca 2�
- Page 298 and 299:
Five reactions that are employed in
- Page 300 and 301:
c. With p K a 1 � 6.35, solve Equ
- Page 302 and 303:
179.0 mg/L as CaCO 3 � 20 mg/L as
- Page 304 and 305:
21.9 CO 2 0 238 293.6 349.8 HCO 3
- Page 306 and 307:
Raw water Q Mgr Aeration Lime/soda
- Page 308 and 309:
emoved. Removal of the calcium equi
- Page 310 and 311:
log[species] log[species] 0 �2
- Page 312 and 313:
7-29 Lime Raw water CaCO 3 sludge L
- Page 314 and 315:
Although rapid mixing may be provid
- Page 316 and 317:
The GLUMRB design guidance is less
- Page 318 and 319:
where pH is in the actual hydrogen
- Page 320 and 321:
From Table 7-5 at a temperature of
- Page 322 and 323:
CO 2 that is not dissolved. Exposur
- Page 324 and 325:
7-6. 7-7. 7-8. 7-9. Well No. 1, Lab
- Page 326 and 327:
7-13. Using K sp , show why magnesi
- Page 328 and 329:
7-24. Determine the lime and soda a
- Page 330 and 331:
7-12 REFERENCES AWWA (1978) Corrosi
- Page 332 and 333:
8-1 INTRODUCTION 8-2 FUNDAMENTAL CO
- Page 334 and 335:
Polymer chain (a) (b) � � SO
- Page 336 and 337:
Properties of Ion Exchange Resins E
- Page 338 and 339:
and Y j qj � q where q T � tota
- Page 340 and 341:
Example 8-1. Estimate the maximum v
- Page 342 and 343:
Water outlet Water inlet Meter Back
- Page 344 and 345:
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 FIGURE 8
- Page 346 and 347:
The larger the laboratory or pilot
- Page 348 and 349:
The column should be operated long
- Page 350 and 351:
volume should be estimated in the t
- Page 352 and 353:
TABLE 8-3 Typical range of design c
- Page 354 and 355:
d. Compute the the area in [B17]. 3
- Page 356 and 357:
8-6 CHAPTER REVIEW When you have co
- Page 358 and 359:
8-3. Repeat Problem 8-2 assuming co
- Page 360 and 361:
(a) C, meq/L C, meq/L (b) 12 10 8 6
- Page 362 and 363:
CHAPTER 9 REVERSE OSMOSIS AND NANOF
- Page 364 and 365:
Bacteria, protozoa, algae, particie
- Page 366 and 367:
Flux Several models have been devel
- Page 368 and 369:
Permeate water Source water & flow
- Page 370 and 371:
Permeate water Concentrate outlet P
- Page 372 and 373:
TABLE 9-1 Typical NF/RO membrane pr
- Page 374 and 375:
d. This indicates that the solubili
- Page 376 and 377:
In mg/L this is �3 ( 2. 58 �10
- Page 378 and 379:
Solution: a. The saturation value o
- Page 380 and 381:
9-7 15. Design a membrane array to
- Page 382 and 383:
Masters, G. M. (1998) Introduction
- Page 384 and 385:
10-1 INTRODUCTION 10-2 SEDIMENTATIO
- Page 386 and 387:
g � acceleration due to gravity,
- Page 388 and 389:
Newton’s coefficient of drag, C D
- Page 390 and 391:
A B C D E F G 3 Input data 4 5 Diam
- Page 392 and 393:
In the upflow clarifier, particle-l
- Page 394 and 395:
50% 50% v 0 /2 perspective, this im
- Page 396 and 397:
Depth, m 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 0 41 5
- Page 398 and 399:
Suspended solids removal, % 80 70 6
- Page 400 and 401:
about 60 � . The configurations a
- Page 402 and 403:
For cocurrent settling, the settlin
- Page 404 and 405:
TABLE 10-1 Alternative settling tan
- Page 406 and 407:
24 m max Influent channel 0.05L to
- Page 408 and 409:
second stage. These flocculate with
- Page 410 and 411:
Recommended values for the settling
- Page 412 and 413:
Horizontal-Flow Rectangular Sedimen
- Page 414 and 415:
If the sludge zone is not counted,
- Page 416 and 417:
TABLE 10-5 Typical design criteria
- Page 418 and 419:
Operation and Maintenance. To facil
- Page 420 and 421:
f. Check the approach velocity. v a
- Page 422 and 423:
• Use lower mixer speed (80 to 85
- Page 424 and 425:
10-14. 10-15. 10-16. Depths, a Time
- Page 426 and 427:
10-19. W idth of each tank Length o
- Page 428 and 429:
11-1 INTRODUCTION 11-2 AN OVERVIEW
- Page 430 and 431:
conventional depth filter. The bott
- Page 432 and 433:
In the mid-1980s, deep-bed, monomed
- Page 434 and 435:
TABLE 11-1 Typical properties of fi
- Page 436 and 437:
11-4 GRANULAR FILTRATION THEORY Mec
- Page 438 and 439:
Depth, m 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 0.
- Page 440 and 441:
TABLE 11-2 Formulas used to compute
- Page 442 and 443:
Solution. The computations are show
- Page 444 and 445:
where v b is the backwash velocity
- Page 446 and 447:
The expanded bed porosity (next to
- Page 448 and 449:
design when the raw water is improp
- Page 450 and 451:
Example 11-5. In continuing the des
- Page 452 and 453:
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
- Page 454 and 455:
(a) (b) (c) Intel main Wash water o
- Page 456 and 457:
Backwash rate, m/min 2 1.8 1.6 1.4
- Page 458 and 459:
“Y”, cm 50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15
- Page 460 and 461:
e. The volume of backwash water for
- Page 462 and 463:
e. Check depth using height of back
- Page 464 and 465:
Influent Effluent 2 where v 1 , v 2
- Page 466 and 467:
In addition to providing for a mini
- Page 468 and 469:
TABLE 11-8 Design criteria for sing
- Page 470 and 471:
TABLE 11-10 Design criteria for tri
- Page 472 and 473:
TABLE 11-13 Approximate flow veloci
- Page 474 and 475:
With the use of this text, you shou
- Page 476 and 477:
11-9. 11-10. b. Anthracite coal E
- Page 478 and 479:
11-15. 11-16. 11-17. What effect do
- Page 480 and 481:
G ullet dimensions B a ckwash water
- Page 482 and 483:
11-3. 11-4. Explain what air bindin
- Page 484 and 485:
12-1 INTRODUCTION 12-2 MEMBRANE FIL
- Page 486 and 487:
Operating pressures (kPa) Size (mic
- Page 488 and 489:
Ferry (1936) developed a model for
- Page 490 and 491:
Transmembrane flux Transmembrane pr
- Page 492 and 493:
Pore sealing with superposition (in
- Page 494 and 495:
TABLE 12-4 Comparison of hollow-fib
- Page 496 and 497:
12-4 MF AND UF PRACTICE Process Des
- Page 498 and 499:
Process Design Membrane Process Sel
- Page 500 and 501:
Example 12-2. Determine the number
- Page 502 and 503:
• Prudent design suggests install
- Page 504 and 505:
12-8. 12-9. Determine the number of
- Page 506 and 507:
13-1 INTRODUCTION 13-2 DISINFECTION
- Page 508 and 509:
Chlorine existing in the form of HO
- Page 510 and 511:
The distribution of the reaction pr
- Page 512 and 513:
Example 13-2. Estimate the percent
- Page 514 and 515:
Chlorine dioxide and ozone can oxid
- Page 516 and 517:
The transformed data are ⎛ 1 1
- Page 518 and 519:
Chlorine. The chlorine must penetra
- Page 520 and 521:
Example 13-4. The data for HOCl dis
- Page 522 and 523:
Time, min 1000 100 10 Hom-Haas Mode
- Page 524 and 525:
Regulatory Context. Selection of an
- Page 526 and 527:
Water that spends a long time in th
- Page 528 and 529:
Iron, manganese, and sulfides exert
- Page 530 and 531:
Weight Percent Chlorine. Chlorine i
- Page 532 and 533:
it is delivered at a pH of about 12
- Page 534 and 535:
The American Water Works Associatio
- Page 536 and 537:
(a) (b) (c) Plan Section Rectangula
- Page 538 and 539:
. From the definition of hydraulic
- Page 540 and 541:
solution is 40 mg/L (U.S. EPA, 1986
- Page 542 and 543:
TABLE 13-9 Log-removal/inactivation
- Page 544 and 545:
a n d if the ozone concentration re
- Page 546 and 547:
Multiple Contact Reactors. When seq
- Page 548 and 549:
• AWWA Standard B702 for sodium f
- Page 550 and 551:
Pump suction line Overflow line Mix
- Page 552 and 553:
• Corrective action drills and ma
- Page 554 and 555:
13-9. Because of high TOC in the ra
- Page 556 and 557:
13-15. by ion exchange. The time fo
- Page 558 and 559:
13-21. The town of Wallowa has aske
- Page 560 and 561:
13-26. Determine the chemical feed
- Page 562 and 563:
LaGrega, M. D., P. L. Buckingham, a
- Page 564 and 565:
REMOVAL OF SPECIFIC CONSTITUENTS 14
- Page 566 and 567:
The oxidation-reduction reaction wi
- Page 568 and 569:
Comment. According to Ghurye and Cl
- Page 570 and 571:
SO 4 2� � 50 mg/L NO 3 � �
- Page 572 and 573:
14-9 TABLE 14-2 Arsenic treatment t
- Page 574 and 575:
TABLE 14-3 Typical sorption treatme
- Page 576 and 577:
2MnSO4 �2Ca( HCO3) 2�O2 → 2Mn
- Page 578 and 579:
NF Yes Start Is No water aerobic ?
- Page 580 and 581:
Treatment Strategies The primary me
- Page 582 and 583:
In each of these instances, the reg
- Page 584 and 585:
(Drewes et al., 2005; Nghiem et al.
- Page 586 and 587:
Liquid in Shell Random packing Gas
- Page 588 and 589:
G 2 0.1 m Fp � rg (rw -rg ) 0.4 0
- Page 590 and 591:
Raw water TCE � 72.0 � g/L Te m
- Page 592 and 593:
3. A spreadsheet was used to perfor
- Page 594 and 595:
Solution: a. From the Freundlich eq
- Page 596 and 597:
TABLE 14-10 Guide to selection of G
- Page 598 and 599:
Geosmin concentration ng/L 140 120
- Page 600 and 601:
16. Evaluate a preliminary design o
- Page 602 and 603:
14-10. 14-11. 14-12. Packing � 90
- Page 604 and 605:
Djebbar, Y. and R. M. Narbaitz (199
- Page 606 and 607:
U.S. EPA (2005) A Regulator’s Gui
- Page 608 and 609:
WATER PLANT RESIDUALS MANAGEMENT 15
- Page 610 and 611:
TABLE 15-1 Major water treatment pl
- Page 612 and 613:
Volume Reduction Relationships In t
- Page 614 and 615:
Thus, on a theoretical basis, each
- Page 616 and 617:
solution, 1.5 to 2 mg/L of sludge i
- Page 618 and 619:
Solution. The mass balance diagram
- Page 620 and 621:
5. Sludge lagoon overflow. 6. Dewat
- Page 622 and 623:
the Mg(OH) 2 . The carbonated sludg
- Page 624 and 625:
Influent pipe FIGURE 15-2 Continuou
- Page 626 and 627:
Solids flux, kg/d·m 2 1,200 1,000
- Page 628 and 629:
the supernatant must be returned to
- Page 630 and 631:
. Estimate the height of the thicke
- Page 632 and 633:
Lagoon Design. The required area an
- Page 634 and 635:
Solids dewatered Coagulant 7 to 10%
- Page 636 and 637:
The filtrate from the sand drying b
- Page 638 and 639:
L � ( Di)( Psinitial )( �) A M
- Page 640 and 641:
c. The data in column 5 is a conver
- Page 642 and 643:
is low as shown in this example. A
- Page 644 and 645:
TABLE 15-8 Typical selection of cen
- Page 646 and 647:
of rotary drum vacuum filters are u
- Page 648 and 649:
Follower Back-up plate Polypropylen
- Page 650 and 651:
Example 15-8. A lime softening wate
- Page 652 and 653:
Surface discharge (as permitted) Tr
- Page 654 and 655:
No pretreatment - Disposable AA - F
- Page 656 and 657:
Direct discharge to river Inject be
- Page 658 and 659:
Commercial producers of topsoil use
- Page 660 and 661:
15-4. If the mass of dry solids in
- Page 662 and 663:
15-18. The reject from the MF membr
- Page 664 and 665:
15-25. 15-26. 15-27. 15-28. 15-29.
- Page 666 and 667:
Kawamura, S. (2000) Integrated Desi
- Page 668 and 669:
DRINKING WATER PLANT PROCESS SELECT
- Page 670 and 671:
DRINKING WATER PLANT PROCESS SELECT
- Page 672 and 673:
Contaminant categories Reverse osmo
- Page 674 and 675:
Contaminant categories Processes Re
- Page 676 and 677:
DRINKING WATER PLANT PROCESS SELECT
- Page 678 and 679:
Collector well DRINKING WATER PLANT
- Page 680 and 681:
DRINKING WATER PLANT PROCESS SELECT
- Page 682 and 683:
DRINKING WATER PLANT PROCESS SELECT
- Page 684 and 685:
16-17 Reservoir FIGURE 16-6 E xampl
- Page 686 and 687:
DRINKING WATER PLANT PROCESS SELECT
- Page 688 and 689:
DRINKING WATER PLANT PROCESS SELECT
- Page 690 and 691:
DRINKING WATER PLANT PROCESS SELECT
- Page 692 and 693:
DRINKING WATER PLANT PROCESS SELECT
- Page 694 and 695:
DRINKING WATER PLANT PROCESS SELECT
- Page 696 and 697:
Influent value (automatic process)
- Page 698 and 699:
DRINKING WATER PLANT PROCESS SELECT
- Page 700 and 701:
16-33 Checklist Asset categorizatio
- Page 702 and 703:
TABLE 16-10 Water system—layered
- Page 704 and 705:
Feedwater from wells 42,000 m 3 /d
- Page 706 and 707:
Mississippi River FIGURE P-16-4 MWW
- Page 708 and 709:
16-9. 16-10. DRINKING WATER PLANT P
- Page 710 and 711:
16-11. Primary recovery trains Reje
- Page 712 and 713:
B A Lagoon system Racoon River Cont
- Page 714 and 715:
16-7 16-8 16-1. 16-2. 16-3. 16-4. 1
- Page 716 and 717:
17-1 INTRODUCTION 17-2 DEMAND ESTIM
- Page 718 and 719:
the additional requirement of provi
- Page 720 and 721:
In designing the water system, the
- Page 722 and 723:
TABLE 17-4 Needed fire flow (NFF) f
- Page 724 and 725:
c. The peak hour demand is then est
- Page 726 and 727:
Pipe Material Selection Standards a
- Page 728 and 729:
where p 1 , p 2 � pressure at poi
- Page 730 and 731:
Solution: a. The hydraulic analysis
- Page 732 and 733:
Four basic closure methods are used
- Page 734 and 735:
Spring Pressure relief FIGURE 17-5
- Page 736 and 737:
1. Run of standard tee 2. Run of te
- Page 738 and 739:
Pressure control, high and low pres
- Page 740 and 741:
Pump station (a) Pump station (b) P
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TABLE 17-9 Required duration for fi
- Page 744 and 745:
Riser Pipe. This pipe is connected
- Page 746 and 747:
Side view Side view Top view Top vi
- Page 748 and 749:
FIGURE 17-14 Horizontal pump with a
- Page 750 and 751:
TABLE 17-10 Typical minor loss fact
- Page 752 and 753:
increased reliability of service an
- Page 754 and 755:
Sanitary Protection of Water Mains
- Page 756 and 757:
17. On a pipe network, locate the p
- Page 758 and 759:
17-8. 17-9. 17-10. 100 mm 100 mm 10
- Page 760 and 761:
17-16. 17-17. 17-18. 17-19. 17-20.
- Page 762 and 763:
17-24. 17-25. g. System pressure is
- Page 764 and 765:
128 m 120 m N Bacon Road 120 m FIGU
- Page 766 and 767:
17-3. 17-12 You have been asked to
- Page 768 and 769:
GENERAL WASTEWATER COLLECTION AND T
- Page 770 and 771:
GENERAL WASTEWATER COLLECTION AND T
- Page 772 and 773:
TABLE 18-2 Principal flow rate term
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GENERAL WASTEWATER COLLECTION AND T
- Page 776 and 777:
TABLE 18-5 Typical composition of u
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GENERAL WASTEWATER COLLECTION AND T
- Page 780 and 781:
GENERAL WASTEWATER COLLECTION AND T
- Page 782 and 783:
Final Use or Disposal Practice LAND
- Page 784 and 785:
GENERAL WASTEWATER COLLECTION AND T
- Page 786 and 787:
GENERAL WASTEWATER COLLECTION AND T
- Page 788 and 789:
TABLE 18-17 Summary of requirements
- Page 790 and 791:
GENERAL WASTEWATER COLLECTION AND T
- Page 792 and 793:
18-7. 18-8. 18-9. 18-10. GENERAL WA
- Page 794 and 795:
128 18-12. 120 120 128 MLD 1 MAR 20
- Page 796 and 797:
19-1 INTRODUCTION 19-2 PREDESIGN AC
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Street Main Wye Connection to main
- Page 800 and 801:
Spigot FIGURE 19-3 Nomenclature of
- Page 802 and 803:
Elevation HHA (Start pumps & sound
- Page 804 and 805:
Because the sewer is under pressure
- Page 806 and 807:
The pipe is manufactured with integ
- Page 808 and 809:
Slope. All sewers shall be designed
- Page 810 and 811:
• A drop manhole may be used to m
- Page 812 and 813:
TABLE 19-5 Typical values of n that
- Page 814 and 815:
Note that cos 1/2 q � 1 � 2 d /
- Page 816 and 817:
4 Increase slope Start Compute flow
- Page 818 and 819:
and 14.5 L/s, respectively. Infiltr
- Page 820 and 821:
Q full, m 3 /s Q/Q full v/v full j.
- Page 822 and 823:
w. Column 10, line 3: The slope of
- Page 824 and 825:
Drop manhole 150 mm water main FIGU
- Page 826 and 827:
piping system should be designed ba
- Page 828 and 829:
and the size of solid that can pass
- Page 830 and 831:
The ground floor must be set above
- Page 832 and 833:
TABLE 19-8 Submergence depth requir
- Page 834 and 835:
station is located at a low point,
- Page 836 and 837:
TABLE 19-9 Personal protective equi
- Page 838 and 839:
19-3. 19-4. Write an equation that
- Page 840 and 841:
an inverted siphon that will carry
- Page 842 and 843:
20.82 Harrison Ave. 19.96 19.55 19.
- Page 844 and 845:
Peters, J., E. G. Malter, and B. Sc
- Page 846 and 847:
HEADWORKS AND PRELIMINARY TREATMENT
- Page 848 and 849:
TABLE 20-1 Typical screw pump selec
- Page 850 and 851:
h. To meet the redundancy requireme
- Page 852 and 853:
c 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0.01 FIG
- Page 854 and 855:
(a) 5 pipe diameters (b) Magnet coi
- Page 856 and 857:
Deck Deck (a) (c) Continous chain s
- Page 858 and 859:
Location. In nearly all cases, scre
- Page 860 and 861:
(a) (b) A B C D E 4 Average Q 5 n
- Page 862 and 863:
HEADWORKS AND PRELIMINARY TREATMENT
- Page 864 and 865:
5. Differential headloss for activa
- Page 866 and 867:
2. Sensors for headloss should have
- Page 868 and 869:
HEADWORKS AND PRELIMINARY TREATMENT
- Page 870 and 871:
Grinders Grinders pulverize the sol
- Page 872 and 873:
Cumulative percent passing 100 90 8
- Page 874 and 875:
ate of velocity of the roll. The pa
- Page 876 and 877:
ulb shape to provide this geometry
- Page 878 and 879:
TABLE 20-11 Typical design criteria
- Page 880 and 881:
. Using the peak hour flow rate fro
- Page 882 and 883:
Wastewater flow Average daily flow
- Page 884 and 885:
Example 20-6. Determine the equaliz
- Page 886 and 887:
h. The mass of BOD 5 entering the e
- Page 888 and 889:
The basins may also be made out of
- Page 890 and 891:
f. Assume each aerator is placed in
- Page 892 and 893:
Visit the text website at www.mhpro
- Page 894 and 895:
HEADWORKS AND PRELIMINARY TREATMENT
- Page 896 and 897:
20-20. 20-21. 20-22. 20-23. 20-24.
- Page 898 and 899:
Parshall, R. L. (1926a) Bulletin 33
- Page 900 and 901:
21-1 INTRODUCTION 21-2 SEDIMENTATIO
- Page 902 and 903:
number of particles decreases with
- Page 904 and 905:
Scum trough Scum pit Scum pipe Brid
- Page 906 and 907:
or by sizing of the primary clarifi
- Page 908 and 909:
If the hydraulic gradient is such t
- Page 910 and 911:
c. The elevation of the bottom of t
- Page 912 and 913:
Solution: a. Note that the clarifie
- Page 914 and 915:
The feedwell can promote flocculati
- Page 916 and 917:
Circular baffle Influent FIGURE 21-
- Page 918 and 919:
d. After another iteration, the fee
- Page 920 and 921:
are too low, the orifice may not be
- Page 922 and 923:
A single sludge hopper with a cross
- Page 924 and 925:
Hose bibs should be provided at eac
- Page 926 and 927:
4. Discuss the proposed design phil
- Page 928 and 929:
21-12. Design a splitting box for t
- Page 930 and 931:
U.S. EPA (1975) Process Design Manu
- Page 932 and 933:
22-1 INTRODUCTION 22 -2 ROLE OF MIC
- Page 934 and 935:
Obligate anaerobes are microorganis
- Page 936 and 937:
1 O2�2H �2e H2O 2 � � ⇌ 1
- Page 938 and 939:
HO H : O : H HO H + HO H HS R CH 2
- Page 940 and 941:
NADH Flavoprotein Quinone Cytochrom
- Page 942 and 943:
Bacterial numbers 10 6 10 5 10 4 10
- Page 944 and 945:
FIGURE 22-9 Population dynamics in
- Page 946 and 947:
E q uations 22-16 and 22-19 are a f
- Page 948 and 949:
The microbiology, stoichiometry, gr
- Page 950 and 951:
The � nm values for nitrifying or
- Page 952 and 953:
Growth Kinetics. The substrate util
- Page 954 and 955:
TABLE 22-2 Volatile fatty acids and
- Page 956 and 957:
pH, low nitrogen, low oxygen, and h
- Page 958 and 959:
22 -3. 22 -4. 22-5. 22-6. 22 -7. De
- Page 960 and 961:
Monod, J. (1949) “The Growth of B
- Page 962 and 963:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 964 and 965:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 966 and 967:
TABLE 23-1 Selected activated sludg
- Page 968 and 969:
DO uptake (mg ⁄ L·d) Substrate (
- Page 970 and 971:
Preanoxic Influent Postanoxic Anoxi
- Page 972 and 973:
Influent Influent Anaerobic Aerobic
- Page 974 and 975:
(a) (b) Air Influent Air Influent B
- Page 976 and 977:
Aeration tank (Q + Qr ) Q, S0 , X0
- Page 978 and 979:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 980 and 981:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 982 and 983:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 984 and 985:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 986 and 987:
Using Equation 23-12 , this may be
- Page 988 and 989:
j. Add the following constraint in
- Page 990 and 991:
where NO x � concentration of NH
- Page 992 and 993:
. Estimate the mass of O 2 as �3
- Page 994 and 995:
TABLE 23-6 Typical clean water oxyg
- Page 996 and 997:
h. The required air flow rate is fo
- Page 998 and 999:
SDNR, g NO 3 -N/g biomass . d 0.4 0
- Page 1000 and 1001:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 1002 and 1003:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 1004 and 1005:
TABLE 23-10 U.S. EPA’s recommende
- Page 1006 and 1007:
Minimum 1.2 m Dia precast manhole s
- Page 1008 and 1009:
. For three cells of equal size, th
- Page 1010 and 1011:
Grit chamber Raw sewage pumps Wet w
- Page 1012 and 1013:
Effluent NH 4 �N concentrtion, mg
- Page 1014 and 1015:
2 W Influent Rotor 6m L Brush rotor
- Page 1016 and 1017:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 1018 and 1019:
j. As in step (g), estimate � nit
- Page 1020 and 1021:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 1022 and 1023:
c. The cross-sectional area of the
- Page 1024 and 1025:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 1026 and 1027:
A suggested design approach is as f
- Page 1028 and 1029:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 1030 and 1031:
Recognizing that V F � V S = V T
- Page 1032 and 1033:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 1034 and 1035:
At a fill time of 2.25 h 1233 , , 4
- Page 1036 and 1037:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 1038 and 1039:
TABLE 23-17 BOD/P and COD/P ratios
- Page 1040 and 1041:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 1042 and 1043:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 1044 and 1045:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 1046 and 1047:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 1048 and 1049:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 1050 and 1051:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 1052 and 1053:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 1054 and 1055:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 1056 and 1057:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 1058 and 1059:
Return Activated Sludge (RAS) RAS r
- Page 1060 and 1061:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 1062 and 1063:
23-12. 23-13. 23-14. SECONDARY TREA
- Page 1064 and 1065:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 1066 and 1067:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 1068 and 1069:
23-46. SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPE
- Page 1070 and 1071:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 1072 and 1073:
23-7. Influent Q SECONDARY TREATMEN
- Page 1074 and 1075:
23-12 REFERENCES SECONDARY TREATMEN
- Page 1076 and 1077:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY SUSPENDED GR
- Page 1078 and 1079:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY ATTACHED GRO
- Page 1080 and 1081:
( a ) ( b ) SECONDARY TREATMENT BY
- Page 1082 and 1083:
z z � dz L 0 SECONDARY TREATMENT
- Page 1084 and 1085:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY ATTACHED GRO
- Page 1086 and 1087:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY ATTACHED GRO
- Page 1088 and 1089:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY ATTACHED GRO
- Page 1090 and 1091:
Inlet from primary Raw wastewater D
- Page 1092 and 1093:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY ATTACHED GRO
- Page 1094 and 1095:
SECONDARY TREATMENT BY ATTACHED GRO
- Page 1096 and 1097:
25 -1 INTRODUCTION 25 -2 SECONDARY
- Page 1098 and 1099:
Solids flux, kg/m 2 � h 10 8 6 4
- Page 1100 and 1101:
Suspended solids concentration, kg/
- Page 1102 and 1103:
SECONDARY SETTLING, DISINFECTION, A
- Page 1104 and 1105:
d. The clarifier overflow rate (OFR
- Page 1106 and 1107:
TABLE 25-4 Secondary clarifier over
- Page 1108 and 1109:
TABLE 25-5 Ranges of loading rate f
- Page 1110 and 1111:
SECONDARY SETTLING, DISINFECTION, A
- Page 1112 and 1113:
TABLE 25-7 Typical chlorine dosages
- Page 1114 and 1115:
SECONDARY SETTLING, DISINFECTION, A
- Page 1116 and 1117:
SECONDARY SETTLING, DISINFECTION, A
- Page 1118 and 1119:
With the aid of this text, you shou
- Page 1120 and 1121:
25 -4. 25 -5. SECONDARY SETTLING, D
- Page 1122 and 1123:
26-1 INTRODUCTION 26-2 CHEMICAL PRE
- Page 1124 and 1125:
The removal of phosphorus to preven
- Page 1126 and 1127:
Hints from the Field. Experience fr
- Page 1128 and 1129:
Sand on bottom Effective size Unifo
- Page 1130 and 1131:
Denitrification Filters. Coarse-med
- Page 1132 and 1133:
TABLE 26-7 Typical filtrate water q
- Page 1134 and 1135:
Carbon Selection The critical eleme
- Page 1136 and 1137:
Visit the text website at www.mhpro
- Page 1138 and 1139:
26-6. 26-7. A dual media denitrific
- Page 1140 and 1141:
WASTEWATER PLANT RESIDUALS MANAGEME
- Page 1142 and 1143:
WASTEWATER PLANT RESIDUALS MANAGEME
- Page 1144 and 1145:
TABLE 27-1 Typical design propertie
- Page 1146 and 1147:
M N Supernatant P Filtrate Degritte
- Page 1148 and 1149:
TABLE 27-2 Mass balance equations f
- Page 1150 and 1151:
TABLE 27-3 Mass balance equations f
- Page 1152 and 1153:
TABLE 27-5 Advantages and disadvant
- Page 1154 and 1155:
Multiplication factor, K 14 12 10 8
- Page 1156 and 1157:
This is less than 1.5 m/s so the pi
- Page 1158 and 1159:
TABLE 27-6 Occurrence of thickening
- Page 1160 and 1161:
Air bubble formation WASTEWATER PLA
- Page 1162 and 1163:
WASTEWATER PLANT RESIDUALS MANAGEME
- Page 1164 and 1165:
TABLE 27-9 Example lime dosages for
- Page 1166 and 1167:
Ms Vsl � ( �)( Ssl )( Ps) 3 Ms
- Page 1168 and 1169:
WASTEWATER PLANT RESIDUALS MANAGEME
- Page 1170 and 1171:
TABLE 27-11 Characteristics of supe
- Page 1172 and 1173:
3 3 3 270 m /d[ 38, 000 g/m �( 0.
- Page 1174 and 1175:
Stage 1: Hydrolysis and fermentatio
- Page 1176 and 1177:
c. Solve the mass balance for COD .
- Page 1178 and 1179:
WASTEWATER PLANT RESIDUALS MANAGEME
- Page 1180 and 1181:
With a safety factor of 5, the esti
- Page 1182 and 1183:
The remainder of the discussion on
- Page 1184 and 1185:
WASTEWATER PLANT RESIDUALS MANAGEME
- Page 1186 and 1187:
WASTEWATER PLANT RESIDUALS MANAGEME
- Page 1188 and 1189:
c. Compute the heat loss by conduct
- Page 1190 and 1191:
CO 2 in digester gas, % 50 40 30 20
- Page 1192 and 1193:
WASTEWATER PLANT RESIDUALS MANAGEME
- Page 1194 and 1195:
WASTEWATER PLANT RESIDUALS MANAGEME
- Page 1196 and 1197:
Hydraulic: Solids loading: 3 10. 7
- Page 1198 and 1199:
WASTEWATER PLANT RESIDUALS MANAGEME
- Page 1200 and 1201:
2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Des
- Page 1202 and 1203:
WASTEWATER PLANT RESIDUALS MANAGEME
- Page 1204 and 1205:
WASTEWATER PLANT RESIDUALS MANAGEME
- Page 1206 and 1207:
27-26. 27-27. 27-28. 27-29. 25 mm i
- Page 1208 and 1209:
Task Committee (1988) “Belt Filte
- Page 1210 and 1211:
CLEAN WATER PLANT PROCESS SELECTION
- Page 1212 and 1213:
9. It is essential that residuals m
- Page 1214 and 1215:
TABLE 28-1 (continued) Important fa
- Page 1216 and 1217:
CLEAN WATER PLANT PROCESS SELECTION
- Page 1218 and 1219:
28-9 TABLE 28-6 Conceptual process
- Page 1220 and 1221:
TABLE 28-7 (continued) Process Adva
- Page 1222 and 1223:
TABLE 28-8 (continued) Process Adva
- Page 1224 and 1225:
CLEAN WATER PLANT PROCESS SELECTION
- Page 1226 and 1227:
TABLE 28-13 Advantages and disadvan
- Page 1228 and 1229:
TABLE 28-14 (continued) Process Adv
- Page 1230 and 1231:
Inffluent Carbon source Anoxic 0.5-
- Page 1232 and 1233:
CLEAN WATER PLANT PROCESS SELECTION
- Page 1234 and 1235:
CLEAN WATER PLANT PROCESS SELECTION
- Page 1236 and 1237:
CLEAN WATER PLANT PROCESS SELECTION
- Page 1238 and 1239:
Bioreactor distribution channel 27.
- Page 1240 and 1241:
CLEAN WATER PLANT PROCESS SELECTION
- Page 1242 and 1243:
28-33 TABLE 28-18 (continued) Unit
- Page 1244 and 1245:
Elevation, m 26 24 22 20 18 16 Maxi
- Page 1246 and 1247:
TABLE A-1 Physical properties of wa
- Page 1248 and 1249:
TABLE A-3 Properties of saturated w
- Page 1250 and 1251:
TABLE A-7 Properties of air at stan
- Page 1252 and 1253:
TABLE A-9 Properties of selected or
- Page 1254 and 1255:
A-9 TABLE A-11 Characteristics of c
- Page 1256 and 1257:
U.S. sieve designation Size of open
- Page 1258 and 1259:
TABLE C-1 Hazen-Williams friction c
- Page 1260 and 1261:
C-3 TABLE C-4 SI-based velocity and
- Page 1262 and 1263:
C-5 TABLE C-4 (continued) SI-based
- Page 1264 and 1265:
C-7 TABLE C-5 (continued) Hydraulic
- Page 1266 and 1267:
APPENDIX D U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTE
- Page 1268 and 1269:
TABLE D-1 (continued) Ct values (mg
- Page 1270 and 1271:
TABLE D-3 (continued) Ct values (mg
- Page 1272 and 1273:
TABLE D-5 (continued) Ct values (mg
- Page 1274 and 1275:
TABLE D-10 Ct values (mg · min/L)
- Page 1276 and 1277:
A/O, 23-10, 23-11 A 2 /O, 23-11, 23
- Page 1278 and 1279:
Beta (β) factor in aeration, 23-32
- Page 1280 and 1281:
Concentrate, RO/NF, 9-9 Conceptual
- Page 1282 and 1283:
Dissociation: table of constants, A
- Page 1284 and 1285:
Freundlich equation, 14-29 Froude n
- Page 1286 and 1287:
esins, 8-2 backbone, 8-2, 8-3 matri
- Page 1288 and 1289:
Microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltr
- Page 1290 and 1291:
Pathogens, in drinking water, 2-25,
- Page 1292 and 1293:
Radium-226, removal of, 14-21 Radon
- Page 1294 and 1295:
Settling velocity, 10-3-10-7 and So
- Page 1296 and 1297:
levels, 17-26 location, 17-23-17-25
- Page 1298 and 1299:
stabilization, 28-18 thickening, 28
- Page 1300 and 1301:
Useful conversion factors Multiply
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