lichens of the lower ozark region of missouri and arkansas

Caloplaca chrysophthalma Degel. [CALCH] - crustose
Occasional on lightly shaded tree boles, usually in open wooded uplands or along the edges of glades.
Although it grows on a variety of hardwoods as well as Juniperus virginiana, Quercus stellata is
overwhelmingly the most common substrate.
Caloplaca citrina (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. [CALCIT] - crustose
Occasional and local, in sheltered areas on massive rock formations that are subject to relatively high
light intensities. Most populations are from carbonate rocks, but it also grows on sandstone when
there is overlying dolomite, and presumably, carbonate mineralization of the sandstone. This species
grows on overhung vertical faces and under shallow ledges where there is little exposure to rain or
runoff. Typical forms of C. citrina are entirely granular sorediate, although the soredia are largely
corticate and can appear to be almost i sidiate. Some populations in the region have marginally
sorediate areoles; these have been segregated as variety flavocitrina (Nyl.) A. E. Wade, but this
element intergrades completely w ith the typical morphology.
Caloplaca conversa (Kremp.) Jatta [CALCO] - crustose
Known only from a single collection on exposed rhyolite along a permanent stream. This species has
immersed black apothecia and appears more like an Aspicilia than a Caloplaca.
[Caloplaca feracissima H. Magn.] [CALFEA] - crustose
Although not yet documented from the Lower Ozarks, this lichen is ubiquitous on disturbed carbonate
substrates in the Midwest and undoubtedly occurs here. It is a common species of limestone, concrete,
and mortar, and usually occurs in anthropogenically disrupted areas, although occasionally it can be
found in glades.
[Caloplaca ferruginea (Huds.) Th. Fr.] [CALFEU] - crustose
This species occurs elsewhere in the Ozarks, and appears to have a predilection for lightly shaded
boles and branches of Juniperus virginiana. The pale thallus and relatively large, orange apothecia,
typically with crenulate margins, are diagnostic.
Caloplaca flavorubescens (Huds.) J. R. Laundon [CALFLR] - crustose
In the Ozar ks, this is an uncommon but widely distributed species of the lower boles of trees,
particularly Quercus velutina, in open situations, such as along glade margins and on open ridgetops.
Caloplaca flavovirescens (Wulfen) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. [CALFLV] - crustose
Very common on shaded rocks, occurring on both carbonate and siliceous substrates. This species
also colonizes old concrete and stone work in lightly shaded areas.
Apothecia of C. flavovirescens are o ccasio nally parasitized by Muellerella lichenicola (Somme rf. ex Fr.) D. Hawksw.,
a peritheciate fungus with polysporous asci and septate, brown ascospores.
[Caloplaca microphyllina (Tuck.) Hasse] [CALMI] - crustose
Uncommon in woodland areas. Although known from adjacent portions of the Ozarks, this is primarily
a species of decorticate wood, and occasionally exposed bark, in prairie regions. Weathered,
exposed decorticate fenceposts made from Juniperus virginiana or Maclura pomifera are typical
substrates, and it may occur on fence posts in pasture districts of the Lower Ozarks.
Caloplaca pollinii (A. Massal.) Jatta [CALPO] - crustose
Frequent on lightly shaded twigs, and occasionally on tree boles. This species occurs on a variety of
hardwoods, as well as on Juniperus virginiana.
Caloplaca "squamosa" (de Lesd.) Zahlbr. [CALSQ] - crustose
This species is local on chert fragments associated with weathered dolomite exposures in glades. It
usually grows in close association with other lichens, and sometimes appears to be somewhat
parasitic. Caloplaca squamosa may not be the correct name for this distinctive, subsquamulose lichen
— it also matches fairly well the description for C. inconnexa (Nyl.) Zahlbr. The apothecia are