lichens of the lower ozark region of missouri and arkansas

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essentially concolorous with the thallus, with the thalline margins of the apothecia slightly lighter. The spores are relatively small, ranging to ca. 12 �m long, with a broad isthmus typically exceeding 4.5 �m. Caloplaca subsoluta (Nyl.) Zahlbr. [CALSU] - crustose Common on exposed dolomite on glades and bluffs, and occasionally on lightly shaded carbonate substrates and rarely on siliceous rocks. As used here, this is a variable species, ranging from a well developed areolate thallus to scattered apothecia and scant areoles. __________ CANDELARIA A. Massal. (Candelariaceae) Small, lemon yellow foliose lichens with a pale, rhizinate lower cortex, and sessile apothecia with a well-developed thalline margin, photobiont Trebouxia, asci Candelaria-type, with 16-32 hyaline, ellipsoid, simple (rarely 1-septate) spores; 2 species in the region. Thallus sorediate, individual thalli small and irregular; apothecia lacking ................. C. concolor Thallus esorediate, individual thalli round and well-delimited; apothecia common ........... C. fibrosa Candelaria concolor (Dicks.) Stein [CANCO] - foliose Very common on a wi de variety of corticolous substrates, as well as lignum, shaded rocks, and anthropogenic substrates such as concrete, rusted iron, asphalt shingles, and even old tires and vinyl. This species is especially common in sheltered areas and crevices of tree boles where saturation from rainfall is infrequent. The lichen may be more common in wooded uplands than would first appear; often there are only minute, scattered, individual thalli of 2 mm or less on a tree bole, and these thalli are pervasively distributed through the woodland, although not initially apparent. Forms that are almost totally composed of masses of soredia have been referred to as var. effusa (Tuck.) Burnham, but there appears to be a full range of intergrading morphologies. [calycin] Candelaria fibrosa (Fr.) Müll. Arg. [CANFI] - foliose Occasional on exposed upper branches of canopy trees in mature woodlands, and less commonly on younger trees in light shade. This species also occurs rarely on lightly shaded rocks. [calycin] __________ CANDELARIELLA Müll. Arg. (Candelariaceae) Granulose to minutely subsquamulose, lemon yellow crustose lichens with small, sessile, concave, yellow apothecia with a thalline margin, photobiont Trebouxia, asci Candelaria-type, with 8-32 small, hyaline, ellipsoid, simple (occasionally 1-septate) spores; 3 species in the region. 1. Thallus sorediate, sometimes consisting of discrete patches of soredia with no apparent thallus; spores 8 per ascus ................................................................. C. reflexa 1. Thallus esorediate, although sometimes consisting of aggregations of minute, corticate, spheroid granules; spores 12-32 per ascus. 2. Thallus saxicolous, subsquamulose ...................................... C. vitellina 2. Thallus corticolous, of minute, corticate, spheroid granules .................C. xanthostigma Candelariella reflexa (Nyl.) Lettau [CANRE] - crustose Infrequent on exposed to lightly shaded corticolous substrates, especially twigs of small trees on glades. Sterile sorediate corticolous Candelariella thalli are occasional throughout the region, and vastly outnumber fertile material. Sterile material of C. reflexa appears identical to C. efflorescens R. C. Harris & Buck, an eastern species with 32 spores per ascus, but since all fertile material known from the Interior Highlands has eight spores per ascus, sterile material is defaulted to C. reflexa. [calycin]
Candelariella vit ellina (Hoffm.) Müll. Arg. [CANVI] - crustose Local on exposed, massive siliceous substrates, including sandstone and chert in glades and on bluffs; infrequently found on lightly shaded sandstone. [calycin] Candelariella xanthostigma (Ach.) Lettau [CANXA] - crustose Occasional on exposed to lightly shaded, hardwoods, typically on mid boles of larger trees in wooded uplands. This species is never dominant, but occurs as diffuse or solitary patches, typically among other lichens on furrowed or irregular, bark. [calycin] __________ CANOMACULINA Elix & Hale (Parmeliaceae) Broad lobed, light gray foliose lichens with pale to dark, rhizinate lower cortex, usually with fine short rhizines intermixed with longer rhizines, apothecia sessile, with a thalline margin, photobiont Trebouxia, asci Lecanora-type, with 8 simple, hyaline, ellipsoid spores; 3 species in the region. See key to Parmotrema. References: Elix (1997), Hale (1977), Kurokawa (1991). 1. T hallus sorediate .................................................... C. conferenda 2. Thallus isidiate. 2. Medulla K+ red (salazinic acid) ..................................... C. subtinctoria 2. Medulla K- ..................................................... C. haitiensis Canomaculina conferenda (Hale) Elix [CAMCO] - foliose Rare on lightly shaded boles of hardwoods in uplands, typically on trees in or bordering glades. [atranorin, norlobaridone] Canomaculina haitiensis (Hale) Elix [CAMHA] - foliose Locally frequent in habitats similar to those of the C. subtinctoria, with which it is considered conspecific by some. [atranorin, norlobaridone] Canomaculina subtinctoria (Zahlbr.) Elix [CAMSUBT] - foliose Frequent on mid and lower boles of hardwood trees in mature woodlands, as well as on Juniperus virginiana. Locally, this species is more common than the closely related C. haitiensis. [atranorin, norlobaridone, salazinic acid] __________ CANOPARMELIA Elix & Hale (Parmeliaceae) Gray foliose lichens with moderate to broad lobes, sorediate or isidiate, with a dark, rhizinate lower cortex, apothecia usually absent, sessile, brown, with a thal line margin, photobiont Trebouxia, asci Lecanora-type, with 8 simple, hyaline, ellipsoid spores; 3 species in the region. 1. Thallus isidiate, the upper cortex smooth, but with fine white reticulate marks; substrate almost always Pinus or Juniperus .........................................................C. caroliniana 1. Thallus sorediate, upper cortex sometimes ridged but lacking reticulate white marks; substrate various. 2. Upper cortex smooth, not notably ridged; soralia more or less rounded; medulla K- .....C. texana 2. Upper cortex strongly reticulate ridged, the ridges often sorediate; medulla K+ yellow .......... ..............................................................C. crozalsiana Canoparmelia caroliniana (Nyl.) Elix & Hale [CANCA] - foliose Infrequent on lower boles of Juniperus virginiana and Pinus echinata in lightly shaded situations, including open wooded uplands and on Juniperus along bluffs. Despite the proliferation of Juniperus in the area during the last century, this lichen appears to be confined to sites with remnant natural integrity, and a cohort of old growth conifers. [atranorin, perlatolic acid]
Page 1: LICHENS OF THE LOWER OZARK REGION O
Page 4 and 5: In this treatment, a general key is
Page 6 and 7: Key to sec tions (continued) 7. Apo
Page 8 and 9: Key B: Foliose lichens (continued)
Page 14 and 15: KEY C: SQUAMULOSE LICHENS 1. Perith
Page 16 and 17: Key D : Sterile crustose lichens (c
Page 18 and 19: KEY E: CRUSTOSE LICHENS WITH STALKE
Page 20 and 21: Key F: Crustose lichens with perith
Page 22 and 23: KEY H: CRUSTOSE LICHENS WITH ROUND
Page 24 and 25: Key H : Crustose lichens with round
Page 30 and 31: AGONIMIA Zahlbr. (Verrucariaceae) C
Page 32 and 33: with evident apical dome, with 8 hy
Page 34 and 35: BACIDIA De Not. (Lecanoraceae) Crus
Page 36 and 37: 5. Thallus of thick areoles; norsti
Page 38 and 39: 8. Thallus absent, or consisting of
Page 42 and 43: Canoparmelia crozalsiana (de Lesd.
Page 44 and 45: a thickened I+ blue apical dome, wi
Page 46 and 47: 2. Cu ps no t proliferating from th
Page 48 and 49: Uncommon, on exposed, well-drained
Page 50 and 51: Very common on well-drained soil, l
Page 52 and 53: Gelatinous lichens with dull, brown
Page 54 and 55: Infrequent in lightly shaded dry me
Page 56 and 57: Diploschistes actinostomus (Ach.) Z
Page 58 and 59: Broad lobed, yellow-green foliose l
Page 60 and 61: Uncommon, in habitats similar to th
Page 62 and 63: Small green to brown squamulose lic
Page 64 and 65: Crustose lichens with powdery, gran
Page 66 and 67: fragments in dolomite glades. More
Page 68 and 69: convenience, some morphologically s
Page 70 and 71: Infrequent in shaded mesic habitats
Page 72 and 73: 3. Apothecia pale to orange brown;
Page 74 and 75: Myelochroa aurulenta (Tuck.) Elix &
Page 76 and 77: Ochrolechia yasudae Vain. [OCHYA] -
Page 78 and 79: Occasional on shaded tree boles and
Page 80 and 81: Parmotrema margaritatum (Hue) Hale
Page 82 and 83: 4. Wart C+ red (lecanoric acid), wi
Page 84 and 85: which has four ornamented spores pe
Page 86 and 87: 1. Thallus sorediate. 2. Medulla pr
Page 88 and 89: photobiont Trebouxia, asci Bacidia-
Page 90 and 91:
1. Medulla C- (gyrophoric acid abse
Page 92 and 93:
Porpidia tahawasiana Gowan [PORTA]
Page 94 and 95:
correlation between habitat ecology
Page 96 and 97:
1. Upper cortex UV+ yellow, K- (lic
Page 98 and 99:
Rimelia subisidiosa (Müll. Arg.) H
Page 100 and 101:
__________ SCOLICIOSPORUM A. Massal
Page 102 and 103:
Known from a single site at the bas
Page 104 and 105:
TRAPELIA M. Choisy (Trapeliaceae) S
Page 106 and 107:
3. Medulla K+ yellow or red. 5. Usu
Page 108 and 109:
Verrucaria faye ttensis Servít [VE
Page 110 and 111:
north of the Lower Ozarks. [fumarpr
Page 112 and 113:
Hale, M.E. 1957. Corticolous lichen
Page 114 and 115:
abietinum (Calicium) 39 ABSCONDITEL
Page 116 and 117:
scripta 21, 66, 87 grayi (Cladonia)
Page 118 and 119:
praetextata (Peltigera) 93 prasina
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lichens of the lower ozark region of missouri and arkansas

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