DeBeer, E., 1948. "Settlement Records of Bridges Founded on Sand." Proceedings of the 2ndInternational Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 2, pp. 111-121.DeBeer, E.E., 1965. "Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Shallow Foundations on Sand,"Proceedings of the Symposium on Bearing Capacity and Settlement of Foundations, DukeUniversity, pp. 15-33.DeBeer, E.E., 1970. "Experimental Determination of the Shape Factors and The Bearing CapacityFactors of Sand." Geotechnique, Vol. 20, No.4, pp. 387-411.Denver. H., 1982. "Modulus of Elasticity for Sand Determined by SPT and CPT." Proceedings ofthe 2nd European Symposium on Penetration Testing, Vol. I, pp. 35-40.Douglas, B.J. and Olsen, R.S., 1981. "Soil Classification Using Electric Cone Penetrometer."Symposuim on Cone Penetration Testing and Experience, ASCE, pp. 209-227.Douglas, B.J., 1984. 'The Electric Cone Penetrometer Test: A User's Guide to Contracting forServices, Quality Assurance, Data Analysis." The Earth Technology Corporation, Long Beach,Calif.Durgunoglu, H.T. and Mitchell, J.K., 1975. "Static Penetration Resistance of Soils: I- Analysis."In Situ Measurement of Soil Properties, ASCE, Vol. I, pp. 151-171.Eisenstein, Z. and Morrison, N.A., 1973. "Prediction of Foundation Deformation in EdmontonUsing an In Situ Pressure Probe." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 10, No.2, pp. 193-210.Parrent, T.A., 1963. "The Prediction and Field Verification of Settlements on Cohesionless Soils."Proceedings of the 4th Australian-New Zealand Conference on Soil Mechanics and FoundationEngineering, pp. 11-17.Felio, G. and Bauer, G., 1994. "Settlement and Deformation Response of a Bridge Footing on aSloped Fill." Vertical and Horizontal Deformations of Foundations and Embankments, ASCE, Vol.2, pp. 1071-1081.FHWA Unpublished Reports, 1994,1995.Fletcher, G.F.A., 1965. "Standard Penetration Test: It's Uses and Abuses." Journal of the SoilMechanicsand Foundation Division, ASCE, Vol. 91, No. SM4, pp. 67-75.Fox, E.N., 1948. "The Mean Elastic Settlement of a Uniformly Loaded Area at a Depth Below theGround Surface." Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Soil Mechanics andFoundation Engineering, Vol. I, pp. 129-132.211
Garga, V.K., and Quin, J.T., 1974. "An Investigation on Settlements of Direct Foundations onSand." Settlement of Structures, BGS, pp. 22-36.Ghionna, V.N., Jamiolkowski, M., lancellotta, R., and Pedroni, S., 1993. "Base Capacity of BoredPiles in Sands from In Situ Tests." Proceedings of the 2nd International Geotechnical Seminar onDeep Foundations on Bored and Auger Piles, pp. 67-75.Ghionna, V.N., Manassero, M. and Peisino, V., 1991. "Settlement of Large Shallow Foundationson a Partially Cemented Gravelly Sand Deposit Using PLT Data." Proceedings of the lOthEuropean Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. I, pp. 417-422.Ghionna, V.N., Manassero, M., and Peisino, V., 1991. "Settlements of Large Shallow Foundationson a Partially Cemented Gravelly Sand Deposit Using PLT Data." Proceedings of the 1OthEuropean Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 417-422.Ghionna, V.N., Jamiolkowski, M., Pedroni, S., and Salgado, R., 1994. "The Tip Displacement ofDrilled Shafts in Sands." Vertical And Horizontal Deformations of Foundations and Embankments,ASCE, Vol. 2, pp. 1039-1057.Gibbs, H.J., and Holtz, W.G., 1957. "Research on Determining the Density of Sands by SpoonPenetration Testing." Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Soil Mechanics andFoundation Engineering, Vol. 1, pp. 35-39.Gifford, D.G., Kraemer, S.R., Wheeler, J.R. and McKown, A.F., 1987. "Spread Footings forHighway Bridges." Federal Highway Administration, Report No. FHW AIRD- 86/185.Giroud, J.P., 1972. "Settlement of Rectangular Foundation on Soil Layer." Journal of the SoilMechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 98, No. SM1, pp. 149-154.Goel, M.C., 1982. Correlation of Static Cone Resistance with Bearing Capacity. Proceedings ofthe 2nd European Symposium on Penetration Testing, Vol. 1, pp. 575-580.Hanna, A.W., Ambrosii, G., and McConnell, A.D., 1986. "Investigation of a Coarse AlluvialFoundation for an Embankment Dam." Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol. 23, pp. 203-215.Hansbo, S. and Pramborg, B., 1990. "Experience of the Menard Pressuremeter in FoundationDesign." Proceedings of the 3rd International Symposium on Pressuremeters, pp. 361-370.Harr, M.E., 1966. Mechanics of Particulate Media. McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.Hayes, J.A., 1986. "Comparison ofDilatometer Test Results with Observed Settlement of Structuresand Earthwork." Proceedings of the 39th Canadian Geotechnical Conference, pp. 311-316.212
- Page 1 and 2:
SETTLEMENT OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONSON
- Page 3 and 4:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis study was fund
- Page 5 and 6:
5.2.6 Alpan (1964) ................
- Page 7 and 8:
LIST OF TABLESTable 2.1 Previous In
- Page 9 and 10:
Figure 5.9 Schultze and Sherif(l973
- Page 11 and 12:
Figure B.8 Updated Douglas Chart (O
- Page 13 and 14:
2.0 BACKGROUND - SETTLEMENT OF SHAL
- Page 15 and 16:
HORIZONTAL DISPLACEMENT, mm10. 0Not
- Page 17 and 18:
3.1 Introduction3.0 DESIGN APPROACH
- Page 19 and 20:
4.0 ELASTIC SOLUTIONS FOR ESTIMATIN
- Page 21 and 22:
"o2.8-2.4t2.01.61.2(a)iII-~10520.80
- Page 23 and 24:
- 0 2:::::>0a::- (!)-Q.1.5 H.......
- Page 25 and 26:
2.52.0fl-1 1.5Figure 4.5 Janbu et a
- Page 27 and 28:
thus underestimate settlement. A co
- Page 29 and 30:
1.00.9 ~--~~~ ~t::$:::"--+-----+---
- Page 31 and 32:
1.0~'-o0.90.80.70.60.5~~~-BURLAND\~
- Page 33 and 34:
settlement of each layer. The layer
- Page 35 and 36:
ifa.=JO" S=Q867xplbxC 80 02 .Cs04 0
- Page 37 and 38:
0. I 00. 150.20m'-.NJ:>-~w0w>....<-
- Page 39 and 40:
I2IIfvEDG~- ~,..=.33~vc/-""CENTERJL
- Page 41 and 42:
" ~...,I...,"~~....."'w 0-~'z z1.0~
- Page 43 and 44:
2 - Compute the settlement of one c
- Page 45 and 46:
s = settlementq = foundation stress
- Page 47 and 48:
4.8 Wahls and Gupta (1994)A method
- Page 49 and 50:
Corrections to the SPT blowcount sh
- Page 51 and 52:
4.9.1 Standard Penetration TestNume
- Page 53 and 54:
there are several techniques that h
- Page 55 and 56:
Overconsolidation ratio, OCRFigure
- Page 57 and 58:
Table 4.3 Soil Modulus from Standar
- Page 59 and 60:
Table 4.5 Soil Modulus from Cone Pe
- Page 61 and 62:
Table 4.5 Cont'dReference Relations
- Page 63 and 64:
Table 4.6 Other Expressions for Soi
- Page 65 and 66:
Table 5.1 Methods to Evaluate Settl
- Page 67 and 68:
19. Stroud (1989)20. Berardi eta!.
- Page 69 and 70:
-100.-----~-----------------,~-----
- Page 71 and 72:
the compression of the layer is cal
- Page 73 and 74:
20 40 60 dO 100Std. Penetration Res
- Page 75 and 76:
40 60 80 100RELATIVE DENSITY, PER C
- Page 77 and 78:
VIa..LLI0::JVIS P T- NUMBERS OF BLO
- Page 79 and 80:
Alp an suggested that the correctio
- Page 81 and 82:
y = soil total unit weightCw = wate
- Page 83 and 84:
1000~-------r----~~--------~-------
- Page 85 and 86:
00 0·5 1·0 1·5·Ye2•0Figure 5,
- Page 87 and 88:
s M~87 !1•D.U/B)p~<=::!::':'"'e11
- Page 89 and 90:
N = uncorrected blowcountC, = embed
- Page 91 and 92:
I 2 3UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGT
- Page 93 and 94:
~-~LU-LU~ eJ:.:t::\:!W~~k-----4----
- Page 95 and 96:
5.2.19 Stroud (1989)Stroud (1989) s
- Page 97 and 98:
'E-z~161412 J-100WIZI.D8 J-4 J- 1jz
- Page 99 and 100:
N)'Nq140 IIIN'YINcIIII20 80 I/N'Y 1
- Page 101 and 102:
The soil stiffness is evaluated usi
- Page 103 and 104:
1 •••. ... .,1-: •. .......
- Page 105 and 106:
5.2.21 Anagnostopoulos eta!. (1991)
- Page 107 and 108:
Ll.p' = (2P cos 6 8)/rcz 2 [5.91]Ad
- Page 109 and 110:
0~·Illso ·~100 II~\~ 0••100 "
- Page 111 and 112:
5.3.5 Schmertmann (1970)In what may
- Page 113 and 114:
4.- Use Equation 5.95 to calculate
- Page 115 and 116:
Soil Type.QJNsandy silt 2.5sand & g
- Page 117 and 118:
IOr---.----,,---,---,,,---,---,----
- Page 119 and 120:
Table 5.5 Influence Factors for Ber
- Page 121 and 122:
Table 5.6 Reported Use ofPressureme
- Page 123 and 124:
q' =net footing pressureB = footing
- Page 125 and 126:
In order to recognize the strain ar
- Page 127 and 128:
For different soils Menard suggeste
- Page 129 and 130:
5.5 Dilatometer TestMarchetti (1980
- Page 131 and 132:
Method B - Special MethodThis metho
- Page 133 and 134:
OCR= [K(OC)/(1-sin ~ )](1 10·' sin
- Page 135 and 136:
Figure 5.29 Settlement Ratio as a f
- Page 137 and 138:
5.6.2 Barata (1973)B arata also poi
- Page 139 and 140:
6"';_;51 v = o , 1~ c~ 4 o/:;0-~ "'
- Page 141 and 142:
and circular foundation; 4B for str
- Page 143 and 144:
~N~~~~~~"' ~0.~100 1.0ii..., c. 10
- Page 145 and 146:
Table 5.9 Comparison of Settlement
- Page 147 and 148:
6.0 ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY CHAR
- Page 149 and 150:
5lr)lr.tl\)J~2~'§ I~t--·/_'f()()/
- Page 151 and 152:
7\~' "'--O&nseVery Dense..___ N=5o-
- Page 153 and 154:
also noted that "If the pressure co
- Page 155 and 156:
6;:.:5~4~~ 3'~~ 2~~tl. I~~',I) 0(c!
- Page 157 and 158:
capacity is reduced, the allowable
- Page 159 and 160:
6.6 Sowers (1962)Sowers (1962) in L
- Page 161 and 162:
301-E~. (2-1 1 9)251-201-l\1050~1-"
- Page 163 and 164:
800700~- N'qo- 0.05 qo OOB 8~0_!:!.
- Page 165 and 166:
It was stated by Mohan et al. (1971
- Page 167 and 168:
1 4f--u.-(")1 2C IIVl'->- 1 0z!;;au
- Page 169 and 170:
600(a) D/B = 1 (b) D/B = 0.5 (c) D/
- Page 171 and 172: 6050z~- 40c:~0u~ 30/v----/0~ 20 ".0
- Page 173 and 174: 250----200 ,........15010050•/...
- Page 175 and 176: q. = NJO.Ol2B (kN/m 2 ) [6.27)Equat
- Page 177 and 178: fl(m)6 600~N.:::~~"2 ~~M"5 500-~~4
- Page 179 and 180: 0 2 4B,FT10 12Qo =ALLOWABLE BEARING
- Page 181 and 182: 0 0 010c"' E~-V> "' 8.£~0-V>drr!'?
- Page 183 and 184: Table 6.2 (continuted)Method lxlm 1
- Page 185 and 186: 7.0 LOAD-SETTLEMENT BEHAVIOR OF SPR
- Page 187 and 188: The value of Q/Q, 1 , is essentiall
- Page 189 and 190: Figure 7.3 Nondimensional Load-Sett
- Page 191 and 192: 120~-------------------------------
- Page 193 and 194: z00 0.7:5w 0.6f- <t~ 0.5~:::J 0.4--
- Page 195 and 196: qb(s/0=5%)0.5 1.0 150~6-....2"~zUJ
- Page 197 and 198: tDr= 59%q'YB0 20 40 6040 t,-Dr= 47%
- Page 199 and 200: The bearing capacity factors are a
- Page 201 and 202: 7.3 Review of Load TestsInitially,
- Page 203 and 204: Table 7.2 Normalized Load-Settlemen
- Page 205 and 206: Table 7.3 Normalized Load - Settlem
- Page 207 and 208: Table 7.4 Normalized Load- Settleme
- Page 209 and 210: 0.9* •+.•t * ' '........... ,
- Page 211 and 212: 1.0'I' i 'I' i0.9~"' i "'v :'I' "'
- Page 213 and 214: 8.0 SETTLEMENTS FROM CYCLIC LOADING
- Page 215 and 216: 9.0 RECOMMENDATIONSBased on the res
- Page 217 and 218: 4- Martin (1987) Method (PMT)5- Par
- Page 219 and 220: Berardi, R., Jamiolkowski, M., and
- Page 221: Engineering." Proceedings of the 2n
- Page 225 and 226: Kovacs, W.D., Evans, J.C. and Griff
- Page 227 and 228: Meigh, A.C., 1963. "Discussion on S
- Page 229 and 230: Parry, R.H.G., 1978. "Estimating Fo
- Page 231 and 232: Schultze, E. and Sherif, G., 1973.
- Page 233: Tucker, K.D., 1987. "Uplift Behavio