Hough, B.K., 1959. "Compressibility as the Basis for Soil Bearing Value." Journal of SoilMechanics and Foundations Division, ASCE, Vol. 85, No. SM4, pp. 11-39.Hough, B.K., 1969. Basic Soils Engineering, Ronald Press: New York.Housel, W.S., 1929. "A Practical Method for the Selection of Foundations Based on FundamentalResearch in Soil Mechanics." Univ. of Michigan Dept. of Engineering Research bulletin No. 13.Hunt, R.E., 1986. Geotechnical Engineering Analysis and Evaluation. McGraw-Hill, Inc., NewYork.Ismael, N.F., 1985. "Allowable Pressure from Loading Tests on Kuwait Soils." CanadianGeotechnical Journal, No. 22, pp. 151-157.Ismael, N.F., 1991. "Coefficient of Subgrade Reaction for Footings on Desert Sands."Transportation Research Record, No.ll37, pp. 82-89.Jamiolkowski, M., Ghionna, V .N., Lancellotta, R. and Pasqualini, E., 1988. "New Correlations ofPenetration Tests for Design Practice." Proceedings of the 1st International Symposium onPenetration Testing, Vol. pp. 263-296.Janbu, N., Bjerrum, L. and Kjaemsli, B., 1956. "Vetledning ved Losning au FundamenteringSoppgauer." Norwegian Geotechnical Institute, Publication No. 16.Janbu, N., 1963. "Soil Compressibility as Determined by Oedometer and Triaxial Tests."Proceedings of the 3rd European Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Wiesbaden, pp. 19-25.Janbu, N., 1967. "Settlement Calculations Based on the Tangent Modulus Concept. Three guestlectures at Moscow State University." Soil Mechanics, Norwegian Institute of Technology, No.2,pp. 1-57.Janbu, N., 1985. N., 1985. "Soil Models in Offshore Engineering." Geotechnique, Vol. 35, No.3,pp. 261-283.Jeyepalan, J.K. and Boehm, R., 1986. "Procedures for Predicting Settlement in Sands." Settlementof Shallow Foundations on Cohesionless Soils: Design and Performance, ASCE, pp. 1-22.Jorden, E.E., 1977. "Settlement in Sand-Methods of Calculating and Factors Affecting." GroundEngineering, Vol. I 0, No. I, pp. 30-3 7.Kany, M. 1959. Deitrag zur Berechnung von Flachengrundungen. Wilhelm Ernst und Sohn, Berlin.213
Kovacs, W.D., Evans, J.C. and Griffith, A.H., 1977. "Towards a More Standardized SPT."Proceedinas of the 9th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering,Vol. 2, pp. 269-276.Kulhawy, F. and Mayne, P., 1990. "Manual on Estimating Soil Properties for Foundation Design."Electric Power Research Institute, Report No. 1493-1496.Kulhawy, F. and Stewart, H.E., 1994. "Uplift Load-Displacement Behavior of GrillageFoundations." Vertical and Horizontal Deformations of Foundations and Embankments, ASCE,Vol. I, pp. 233-244.Kummerle, R.P. and Dumas, J.C., 1988. "Soil Improvement Using Dynamic Compaction for BristolResource Recovery Facility." Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Case Historiesin Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 2, pp. 921-927.Kusakabe, 0., Maeda, Y., and Ohuchi, M., 1992. "Large-Scale Loading Tests of Shallow Footingsin Pneumatic Caisson." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 118, No. II, pp. 1681-1695.Lacasse, S. and Lunne, T., 1986. "Dilatometer Tests in Sands." Use of In Situ Tests in GeotechnicalEngineering, ASCE, pp. 689-699.Lacroix, Y. and Hom, H.M., 1973. "Direct Determination and Indirect Evaluation of RelativeDensity and Its Use on Earthwork Construction Projects." ASCE STP 523, pp. 251-280.Lambe, T.W. and Whitman, R.V., 1969. Soil Mechanics, John Wiley & Sons, New York.Lambrechts, J.R. and Leonards, G.A., 1978. "Effects of Stress History on Deformation of Sand."Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE, Vol. 104, No. GTI!, pp. 1371-1387.Leonards, G.A., 1962. Foundation Engineering, McGraw-Hill, Inc., New York.Leonards, G.A. and Frost, J.D., 1988. "Settlement of Shallow Foundations on Granular Soils."Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 114, No. GT7, pp. 791-809.Leonards, G.A. and Frost, J.D., 1991. closure to "Settlement of Shallow Foundations on GranularSoils." Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol. 117, No. GTI, pp. 181-188.Liao, S.S.C. and Whitman, R.V., 1986. "Overburden Correction Factors of SPT in Sand." Journalof Geotechnical Engineering, Vol. 112, No.3, pp. 373-377.Lockett, L., 1992. Tuscaloosa, AL Bridge Project- Private communication to AI DiMillio, FHWA.214
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SETTLEMENT OF SHALLOW FOUNDATIONSON
- Page 3 and 4:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis study was fund
- Page 5 and 6:
5.2.6 Alpan (1964) ................
- Page 7 and 8:
LIST OF TABLESTable 2.1 Previous In
- Page 9 and 10:
Figure 5.9 Schultze and Sherif(l973
- Page 11 and 12:
Figure B.8 Updated Douglas Chart (O
- Page 13 and 14:
2.0 BACKGROUND - SETTLEMENT OF SHAL
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HORIZONTAL DISPLACEMENT, mm10. 0Not
- Page 17 and 18:
3.1 Introduction3.0 DESIGN APPROACH
- Page 19 and 20:
4.0 ELASTIC SOLUTIONS FOR ESTIMATIN
- Page 21 and 22:
"o2.8-2.4t2.01.61.2(a)iII-~10520.80
- Page 23 and 24:
- 0 2:::::>0a::- (!)-Q.1.5 H.......
- Page 25 and 26:
2.52.0fl-1 1.5Figure 4.5 Janbu et a
- Page 27 and 28:
thus underestimate settlement. A co
- Page 29 and 30:
1.00.9 ~--~~~ ~t::$:::"--+-----+---
- Page 31 and 32:
1.0~'-o0.90.80.70.60.5~~~-BURLAND\~
- Page 33 and 34:
settlement of each layer. The layer
- Page 35 and 36:
ifa.=JO" S=Q867xplbxC 80 02 .Cs04 0
- Page 37 and 38:
0. I 00. 150.20m'-.NJ:>-~w0w>....<-
- Page 39 and 40:
I2IIfvEDG~- ~,..=.33~vc/-""CENTERJL
- Page 41 and 42:
" ~...,I...,"~~....."'w 0-~'z z1.0~
- Page 43 and 44:
2 - Compute the settlement of one c
- Page 45 and 46:
s = settlementq = foundation stress
- Page 47 and 48:
4.8 Wahls and Gupta (1994)A method
- Page 49 and 50:
Corrections to the SPT blowcount sh
- Page 51 and 52:
4.9.1 Standard Penetration TestNume
- Page 53 and 54:
there are several techniques that h
- Page 55 and 56:
Overconsolidation ratio, OCRFigure
- Page 57 and 58:
Table 4.3 Soil Modulus from Standar
- Page 59 and 60:
Table 4.5 Soil Modulus from Cone Pe
- Page 61 and 62:
Table 4.5 Cont'dReference Relations
- Page 63 and 64:
Table 4.6 Other Expressions for Soi
- Page 65 and 66:
Table 5.1 Methods to Evaluate Settl
- Page 67 and 68:
19. Stroud (1989)20. Berardi eta!.
- Page 69 and 70:
-100.-----~-----------------,~-----
- Page 71 and 72:
the compression of the layer is cal
- Page 73 and 74:
20 40 60 dO 100Std. Penetration Res
- Page 75 and 76:
40 60 80 100RELATIVE DENSITY, PER C
- Page 77 and 78:
VIa..LLI0::JVIS P T- NUMBERS OF BLO
- Page 79 and 80:
Alp an suggested that the correctio
- Page 81 and 82:
y = soil total unit weightCw = wate
- Page 83 and 84:
1000~-------r----~~--------~-------
- Page 85 and 86:
00 0·5 1·0 1·5·Ye2•0Figure 5,
- Page 87 and 88:
s M~87 !1•D.U/B)p~<=::!::':'"'e11
- Page 89 and 90:
N = uncorrected blowcountC, = embed
- Page 91 and 92:
I 2 3UNCONFINED COMPRESSIVE STRENGT
- Page 93 and 94:
~-~LU-LU~ eJ:.:t::\:!W~~k-----4----
- Page 95 and 96:
5.2.19 Stroud (1989)Stroud (1989) s
- Page 97 and 98:
'E-z~161412 J-100WIZI.D8 J-4 J- 1jz
- Page 99 and 100:
N)'Nq140 IIIN'YINcIIII20 80 I/N'Y 1
- Page 101 and 102:
The soil stiffness is evaluated usi
- Page 103 and 104:
1 •••. ... .,1-: •. .......
- Page 105 and 106:
5.2.21 Anagnostopoulos eta!. (1991)
- Page 107 and 108:
Ll.p' = (2P cos 6 8)/rcz 2 [5.91]Ad
- Page 109 and 110:
0~·Illso ·~100 II~\~ 0••100 "
- Page 111 and 112:
5.3.5 Schmertmann (1970)In what may
- Page 113 and 114:
4.- Use Equation 5.95 to calculate
- Page 115 and 116:
Soil Type.QJNsandy silt 2.5sand & g
- Page 117 and 118:
IOr---.----,,---,---,,,---,---,----
- Page 119 and 120:
Table 5.5 Influence Factors for Ber
- Page 121 and 122:
Table 5.6 Reported Use ofPressureme
- Page 123 and 124:
q' =net footing pressureB = footing
- Page 125 and 126:
In order to recognize the strain ar
- Page 127 and 128:
For different soils Menard suggeste
- Page 129 and 130:
5.5 Dilatometer TestMarchetti (1980
- Page 131 and 132:
Method B - Special MethodThis metho
- Page 133 and 134:
OCR= [K(OC)/(1-sin ~ )](1 10·' sin
- Page 135 and 136:
Figure 5.29 Settlement Ratio as a f
- Page 137 and 138:
5.6.2 Barata (1973)B arata also poi
- Page 139 and 140:
6"';_;51 v = o , 1~ c~ 4 o/:;0-~ "'
- Page 141 and 142:
and circular foundation; 4B for str
- Page 143 and 144:
~N~~~~~~"' ~0.~100 1.0ii..., c. 10
- Page 145 and 146:
Table 5.9 Comparison of Settlement
- Page 147 and 148:
6.0 ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY CHAR
- Page 149 and 150:
5lr)lr.tl\)J~2~'§ I~t--·/_'f()()/
- Page 151 and 152:
7\~' "'--O&nseVery Dense..___ N=5o-
- Page 153 and 154:
also noted that "If the pressure co
- Page 155 and 156:
6;:.:5~4~~ 3'~~ 2~~tl. I~~',I) 0(c!
- Page 157 and 158:
capacity is reduced, the allowable
- Page 159 and 160:
6.6 Sowers (1962)Sowers (1962) in L
- Page 161 and 162:
301-E~. (2-1 1 9)251-201-l\1050~1-"
- Page 163 and 164:
800700~- N'qo- 0.05 qo OOB 8~0_!:!.
- Page 165 and 166:
It was stated by Mohan et al. (1971
- Page 167 and 168:
1 4f--u.-(")1 2C IIVl'->- 1 0z!;;au
- Page 169 and 170:
600(a) D/B = 1 (b) D/B = 0.5 (c) D/
- Page 171 and 172:
6050z~- 40c:~0u~ 30/v----/0~ 20 ".0
- Page 173 and 174: 250----200 ,........15010050•/...
- Page 175 and 176: q. = NJO.Ol2B (kN/m 2 ) [6.27)Equat
- Page 177 and 178: fl(m)6 600~N.:::~~"2 ~~M"5 500-~~4
- Page 179 and 180: 0 2 4B,FT10 12Qo =ALLOWABLE BEARING
- Page 181 and 182: 0 0 010c"' E~-V> "' 8.£~0-V>drr!'?
- Page 183 and 184: Table 6.2 (continuted)Method lxlm 1
- Page 185 and 186: 7.0 LOAD-SETTLEMENT BEHAVIOR OF SPR
- Page 187 and 188: The value of Q/Q, 1 , is essentiall
- Page 189 and 190: Figure 7.3 Nondimensional Load-Sett
- Page 191 and 192: 120~-------------------------------
- Page 193 and 194: z00 0.7:5w 0.6f- <t~ 0.5~:::J 0.4--
- Page 195 and 196: qb(s/0=5%)0.5 1.0 150~6-....2"~zUJ
- Page 197 and 198: tDr= 59%q'YB0 20 40 6040 t,-Dr= 47%
- Page 199 and 200: The bearing capacity factors are a
- Page 201 and 202: 7.3 Review of Load TestsInitially,
- Page 203 and 204: Table 7.2 Normalized Load-Settlemen
- Page 205 and 206: Table 7.3 Normalized Load - Settlem
- Page 207 and 208: Table 7.4 Normalized Load- Settleme
- Page 209 and 210: 0.9* •+.•t * ' '........... ,
- Page 211 and 212: 1.0'I' i 'I' i0.9~"' i "'v :'I' "'
- Page 213 and 214: 8.0 SETTLEMENTS FROM CYCLIC LOADING
- Page 215 and 216: 9.0 RECOMMENDATIONSBased on the res
- Page 217 and 218: 4- Martin (1987) Method (PMT)5- Par
- Page 219 and 220: Berardi, R., Jamiolkowski, M., and
- Page 221 and 222: Engineering." Proceedings of the 2n
- Page 223: Garga, V.K., and Quin, J.T., 1974.
- Page 227 and 228: Meigh, A.C., 1963. "Discussion on S
- Page 229 and 230: Parry, R.H.G., 1978. "Estimating Fo
- Page 231 and 232: Schultze, E. and Sherif, G., 1973.
- Page 233: Tucker, K.D., 1987. "Uplift Behavio