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come one. In the first case this liberality is dangerous, inthe second it is very necessary to be considered liberal; andCaesar was one of those who wished to become pre-eminentin Rome; but if he had survived after becoming so, andhad not moderated his expenses, he would have destroyedhis government. And if any one should reply: Many havebeen princes, and have done great things with armies, whohave been considered very liberal, I reply: Either a princespends that which is his own or his subjects’ or else that ofothers. In the first case he ought to be sparing, in the secondhe ought not to neglect any opportunity for liberality. Andto the prince who goes forth with his army, supporting it bypillage, sack, and extortion, handling that which belongs toothers, this liberality is necessary, otherwise he would notbe followed by soldiers. And of that which is neither yoursnor your subjects’ you can be a ready giver, as were Cyrus,Caesar, and Alexander; because it does not take away yourreputation if you squander that of others, but adds to it; it isonly squandering your own that injures you.And there is nothing wastes so rapidly as liberality, foreven whilst you exercise it you lose the power to do so,and so become either poor or despised, or else, in avoidingpoverty, rapacious and hated. And a prince should guardhimself, above all things, against being despised and hated;and liberality leads you to both. Therefore it is wiser to havea reputation for meanness which brings reproach withouthatred, than to be compelled through seeking a reputationfor liberality to incur a name for rapacity which begets reproachwith hatred.96The Prince
CHAPTER XVII.CONCERNING CRUELTYAND CLEMENCY, ANDWHETHER IT IS BETTER TOBE LOVED THAN FEAREDComing now to the other qualities mentioned above, Isay that every prince ought to desire to be consideredclement and not cruel. Nevertheless he ought to take carenot to misuse this clemency. Cesare Borgia was consideredcruel; notwithstanding, his cruelty reconciled the Romagna,unified it, and restored it to peace and loyalty. And ifthis be rightly considered, he will be seen to have been muchmore merciful than the Florentine people, who, to avoid areputation for cruelty, permitted Pistoia to be destroyed.[*]Therefore a prince, so long as he keeps his subjects unitedand loyal, ought not to mind the reproach of cruelty; becausewith a few examples he will be more merciful thanthose who, through too much mercy, allow disorders toarise, from which follow murders or robberies; for theseare wont to injure the whole people, whilst those executionswhich originate with a prince offend the individual only.Free eBooks at Planet eBook.com97
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The PrinceBy Nicolo Machiavelli (15
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INTRODUCTIONNicolo Machiavelli was
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new patron, he continues: ‘This w
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one of the cardinals that had most
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and put to the question by torture.
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ius,’ which should be read concur
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gift turning it to account in his e
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of style and expression. Machiavell
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DEDICATIONTo the Magnificent Lorenz
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CHAPTER I. HOW MANYKINDS OF PRINCIP
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him to be hated, it is reasonable t
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quickly occupied Milan, and as quic
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recourse to the prince; thus, wishi
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have endless difficulties and troub
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king, because, wishing to get a foo
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settle in the country, he did not s
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CHAPTER IV. WHYTHE KINGDOM OFDARIUS
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them, for the reasons assigned. Hen
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CHAPTER V. CONCERNINGTHE WAY TO GOV
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reside there.Free eBooks at Planet
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there is a new prince, more or less
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the others defend lukewarmly, in su
Page 45 and 46: CHAPTER VII.CONCERNING NEWPRINCIPAL
Page 47 and 48: able man to fix firmly his roots in
Page 49 and 50: himself, after taking the Duchy of
Page 51 and 52: [*] Ramiro d’Orco. Ramiro de Lorq
Page 53 and 54: effect anything against him. If he
Page 55 and 56: CHAPTER VIII.CONCERNING THOSEWHO HA
Page 57 and 58: be called talent to slay fellow-cit
Page 59 and 60: way that, in the year during which
Page 61 and 62: CHAPTER IX. CONCERNINGA CIVIL PRINC
Page 63 and 64: bind themselves, and are not rapaci
Page 65 and 66: especially in troubled times, can d
Page 67 and 68: well, and shall have managed the ot
Page 69 and 70: CHAPTER XI. CONCERNINGECCLESIASTICA
Page 71 and 72: ruin the Orsini. This was the reaso
Page 73 and 74: CHAPTER XII. HOW MANYKINDS OF SOLDI
Page 75 and 76: conquered the realm of Naples, and
Page 77 and 78: greatest renown. If this man had ta
Page 79 and 80: by the emperor, were oppressing the
Page 81 and 82: CHAPTER XIII.CONCERNINGAUXILIARIES,
Page 83 and 84: I shall never hesitate to cite Cesa
Page 85 and 86: [+] Louis XI, son of the above, bor
Page 87 and 88: CHAPTER XIV. THATWHICH CONCERNS APR
Page 89 and 90: it is desirable that a captain shou
Page 91 and 92: CHAPTER XV.CONCERNING THINGSFOR WHI
Page 93 and 94: saved with difficulty, for if every
Page 95: of liberality in such a way that it
Page 99 and 100: promises, has neglected other preca
Page 101 and 102: own will and fearing according to t
Page 103 and 104: them up in his discipline; which me
Page 105 and 106: ity, and religion. Therefore it is
Page 107 and 108: CHAPTER XIX. THAT ONESHOULD AVOID B
Page 109 and 110: such a course, for the difficulties
Page 111 and 112: the first is the parliament and its
Page 113 and 114: the hatred of the most powerful. Th
Page 115 and 116: ate, through fear, elected him empe
Page 117 and 118: compete with gladiators, and doing
Page 119 and 120: whoever will consider it will ackno
Page 121 and 122: become yours, those men who were di
Page 123 and 124: For this reason many consider that
Page 125 and 126: will never be wanting foreigners to
Page 127 and 128: schemes, he devoted himself with pi
Page 129 and 130: you. Victories after all are never
Page 131 and 132: more complex kind— permanent asso
Page 133 and 134: one has judgment to know good and b
Page 135 and 136: know that, the more freely he shall
Page 137 and 138: CHAPTER XXIV. WHY THEPRINCES OF ITA
Page 139 and 140: are reliable, certain, and durable
Page 141 and 142: I compare her to one of those ragin
Page 143 and 144: changed.Pope Julius the Second went
Page 145 and 146: CHAPTER XXVI. ANEXHORTATION TOLIBER
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With us there is great justice, bec
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the Spaniards are unable to resist
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meeting was called at Magione in th
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keep it, as it was enough for him t
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compliance would cast a doubt upon
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the town.Vitellozzo, Pagolo, and th
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on 18th January 1502, in the castle
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where she washed it and clothed it
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yield by his knowledge of the natur
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brought into his plans friends from
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Observing this order of battle, he
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availed themselves of this opportun
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Castruccio had the secret intention
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death. Meanwhile the Florentines ha
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mults following each other daily, w
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row and steep, whilst in general it
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the rear their friends. When Castru
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Pisa and Pistoia were thoroughly di
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were so much impeded by their arms
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Florentines were so completely defe
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my fortune and abilities have gaine
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proportioned. He was of a gracious
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he had intimate relations, and bein
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down.’ On being asked if it had e
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