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Vanguard Newspaper 18 April 2021

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SUNDAY Vanguard, APRIL 18, 2021,PAGE 11<br />

Vacc<strong>in</strong>e apathy threatens<br />

COVID-19 response<br />

...as experts<br />

blame trust<br />

deficit<br />

By Chioma Ob<strong>in</strong>na<br />

For decades now, vacc<strong>in</strong>ation<br />

programmes <strong>in</strong> Nigeria have been mak<strong>in</strong>g<br />

progress.<br />

But the advent of COVID-19 vacc<strong>in</strong>es may<br />

be br<strong>in</strong>g<strong>in</strong>g back ugly years of vacc<strong>in</strong>e<br />

hesitancy which experts fear may erode<br />

ga<strong>in</strong>s already made <strong>in</strong> rout<strong>in</strong>e<br />

immunisation.<br />

Accord<strong>in</strong>g to experts, vacc<strong>in</strong>e hesitancy<br />

is a cont<strong>in</strong>uum between vacc<strong>in</strong>e<br />

acceptance and refusal.<br />

Eligible Nigerians are either delay<strong>in</strong>g<br />

or refus<strong>in</strong>g COVID-19 vacc<strong>in</strong>es, even after<br />

the World Health Organisation, WHO,<br />

has confirmed the safety and effectiveness<br />

<strong>aga<strong>in</strong>st</strong> the dreaded virus.<br />

Sunday Vanguard reports that if left<br />

unaddressed, vacc<strong>in</strong>e hesitancy will <strong>not</strong><br />

only threaten COVID-19 response but<br />

prevent Nigeria from achiev<strong>in</strong>g herd<br />

immunity.<br />

Despite the fact that COVID-19<br />

vacc<strong>in</strong>ation has accelerated across<br />

the country, many Nigerians are still<br />

hav<strong>in</strong>g reservations about the vacc<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

For Emeka Opara, his reservations about<br />

be<strong>in</strong>g vacc<strong>in</strong>ated <strong>aga<strong>in</strong>st</strong> COVID-19 may<br />

<strong>not</strong> change <strong>in</strong> a hurry.<br />

Like many other Nigerians, Emeka is<br />

concerned about the side effects of the<br />

AstraZeneca vacc<strong>in</strong>e as reported <strong>in</strong> some<br />

parts of the world even when Nigeria is yet<br />

to record any serious side effects s<strong>in</strong>ce it<br />

rolled out.<br />

Unlike Emeka, Juliana Adebayo, a<br />

caterer, was ready to accept the vacc<strong>in</strong>e but<br />

her aged mother had warned her never to<br />

do so.<br />

The mother is among Nigerians who<br />

believe that the vacc<strong>in</strong>e is one of the<br />

strategies of Anti-Christ to deceive<br />

Christians.<br />

“My mother threatened to kill herself<br />

should I take the vacc<strong>in</strong>e. She said it is the<br />

mark of 666. I also believe that if the vacc<strong>in</strong>e<br />

can<strong>not</strong> protect me from gett<strong>in</strong>g COVID-19,<br />

there was no need tak<strong>in</strong>g it. These are some<br />

of the reservations that I have,” Juliana told<br />

Sunday Vanguard.<br />

Meanwhile, Grace Udoh, a banker<br />

work<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> Lagos, <strong>in</strong>iti<strong>all</strong>y believed <strong>in</strong> some<br />

of the conspiracy theories but, today, she is<br />

open to tak<strong>in</strong>g the vacc<strong>in</strong>e after she saw<br />

people who took the vacc<strong>in</strong>e had no side<br />

effects as reported abroad.<br />

“Initi<strong>all</strong>y, I had reservations about the<br />

vacc<strong>in</strong>e but after I saw my friends tak<strong>in</strong>g it<br />

and my doctor expla<strong>in</strong>ed to me the benefits<br />

of vacc<strong>in</strong>es and why I need it to boost my<br />

natural immunity, I decided to give it a shot.<br />

Now, I have taken my first jab wait<strong>in</strong>g for<br />

the second one,” she proudly told Sunday<br />

Vanguard.<br />

Today, despite the efforts of the Federal<br />

<strong>Gov</strong>ernment agencies and <strong>in</strong>ternational<br />

partners like UNICEF and WHO to create<br />

awareness on the benefits of receiv<strong>in</strong>g<br />

COVID-19 vacc<strong>in</strong>es, millions of Nigerians<br />

are still hesitant.<br />

This is no thanks to the conspiracy theories<br />

around the pandemic and vacc<strong>in</strong>es.<br />

The myths and falsehood that had been<br />

propagated overtime about the aftermath<br />

of tak<strong>in</strong>g the vacc<strong>in</strong>e had worsened the<br />

situation <strong>in</strong> communities across the country.<br />

From Lagos to the end of the last<br />

community <strong>in</strong> the <strong>in</strong>surgency <strong>in</strong>flicted<br />

Borno State, the story is the same:<br />

Nigerians are still hesitant to the vacc<strong>in</strong>e.<br />

Some are yet to believe <strong>in</strong> the virus talk.<br />

What of the vacc<strong>in</strong>es?<br />

F<strong>in</strong>d<strong>in</strong>gs by Sunday Vanguard show that<br />

some Nigerians currently open<strong>in</strong>g up for<br />

the vacc<strong>in</strong>ation are only moved by the<br />

<strong>in</strong>tention to own the COVID-<br />

19 card to avoid be<strong>in</strong>g<br />

restricted from <strong>in</strong>ternational<br />

travels <strong>in</strong> the future.<br />

A visit by Sunday Vanguard<br />

to some of the vacc<strong>in</strong>ation<br />

centers <strong>in</strong> Lagos confirmed<br />

that the numbers of would-be<br />

vacc<strong>in</strong>ators are gradu<strong>all</strong>y<br />

pick<strong>in</strong>g up although many<br />

residents are still hesitant to<br />

the life-sav<strong>in</strong>g vacc<strong>in</strong>e.<br />

<strong>Ex</strong>perts <strong>in</strong>sist that unless<br />

Nigerians open up for<br />

vacc<strong>in</strong>ation, the country may<br />

<strong>not</strong> achieve herd immunity<br />

which the experts say has far<br />

reach<strong>in</strong>g implications on the<br />

health and economy of<br />

Nigeria.<br />

Glob<strong>all</strong>y, experts say about<br />

900million persons have<br />

received the COVID-19<br />

vacc<strong>in</strong>e.<br />

Although, the level of response and<br />

acceptance of the vacc<strong>in</strong>e across the globe<br />

has been encourag<strong>in</strong>g, the case is different<br />

<strong>in</strong> Nigeria.<br />

An update released by the National<br />

Primary Health Care Development Agency,<br />

NPHCDA, on Wednesday, showed that<br />

only1, 043, 737 eligible Nigerians have so<br />

far been vacc<strong>in</strong>ated with the first dose,<br />

represent<strong>in</strong>g 51.9 per cent of the proportion<br />

vacc<strong>in</strong>ated.<br />

A breakdown of the NPHCDA update,<br />

conta<strong>in</strong>ed <strong>in</strong> an Electronic Management<br />

of Immunisation Data System, further<br />

revealed that Lagos is lead<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong> the exercise<br />

with 192, 061 persons vacc<strong>in</strong>ated.<br />

Three other states trail<strong>in</strong>g Lagos are Kano<br />

Most Nigerians<br />

do <strong>not</strong> th<strong>in</strong>k they<br />

have need for the<br />

vacc<strong>in</strong>e. A good<br />

number of them<br />

would even tell<br />

you that they rather<br />

have need for food<br />

vacc<strong>in</strong>e <strong>in</strong>stead<br />

56,942; Kaduna, 55,604 and Ogun, 52,513.<br />

Other states that have recorded 5-digit<br />

figures <strong>in</strong> the exercise are FCT, 44,098;<br />

Kats<strong>in</strong>a, 39,297; Bauchi, 35,764; Oyo,<br />

34,755; Ondo, 31,348;<br />

Kwara, 30,708; Jigawa, 27,644; Plateau,<br />

27,334; Edo, 27,129; Gombe, 26,807; Niger,<br />

26,659; Rivers, 26,572; Ekiti, 22, 735; Yobe,<br />

21, 030; Benue, 20,981; Osun, 20,869;<br />

Borno, 20,737; Delta, 20,525; Imo, 18,763;<br />

Adamawa, 18,612; Nasarawa, 16,860;<br />

Kebbi, 15,531; Zamfara, 15,251; Cross<br />

River, 14,483; Sokoto, 11,560; Akwa Ibom,<br />

11,350; Enugu, 11,018; Bayelsa, 10, 487.<br />

In the league of 4-digits are Anambra,<br />

9,989; Ebonyi, 8,534; Taraba, 7,538; Abia<br />

and Kogi recorded 6,081 and 5,568<br />

respectively.<br />

On the reservations by many Nigerians<br />

<strong>aga<strong>in</strong>st</strong> the vacc<strong>in</strong>e, experts <strong>in</strong>sist that it is<br />

safe.<br />

Accord<strong>in</strong>g to the Communication for<br />

Development Specialist, United Nations<br />

Children’s Fund, UNICEF, Ms. Elizabeth<br />

Onitolo, vacc<strong>in</strong>e is to ensure<br />

that while the virus is<br />

runn<strong>in</strong>g its course, people<br />

don’t die, hence, the need for<br />

everybody to take the<br />

vacc<strong>in</strong>e to get the required<br />

herd immunity.<br />

To her, refusal of many<br />

Nigerians to vacc<strong>in</strong>ate<br />

<strong>aga<strong>in</strong>st</strong> COVID-19 would<br />

prevent Nigeria from<br />

achiev<strong>in</strong>g herd immunity.<br />

“For Nigeria to get out of<br />

the pandemic, everyone<br />

must be <strong>in</strong>volved,” she<br />

<strong>in</strong>sisted.<br />

Onitolo, who spoke dur<strong>in</strong>g<br />

a three-day Media Dialogue<br />

on Rout<strong>in</strong>e Immunisation,<br />

Post-Polio Certification and<br />

COVID-19 Vacc<strong>in</strong>ation,<br />

expla<strong>in</strong>ed that of the three<br />

ma<strong>in</strong> types of COVID-19<br />

vacc<strong>in</strong>es <strong>in</strong> phase three cl<strong>in</strong>ical trials, viral<br />

vector vacc<strong>in</strong>es produce coronavirus<br />

prote<strong>in</strong>s to safely generate an immune<br />

response that can<strong>not</strong> give COVID-19.<br />

Throw<strong>in</strong>g light on vacc<strong>in</strong>es, she said RNA<br />

and DNA vacc<strong>in</strong>es prompt human bodies<br />

to recognise and protect them from the virus<br />

that causes COVID-19.<br />

Not<strong>in</strong>g that there are currently more than<br />

200 vacc<strong>in</strong>e candidates (56 <strong>in</strong> cl<strong>in</strong>ical and<br />

166 <strong>in</strong> pre-cl<strong>in</strong>ical development) under<br />

development, Onitolo stated that gett<strong>in</strong>g<br />

vacc<strong>in</strong>ated was one of the many steps people<br />

can take to protect themselves and others<br />

from COVID-19.<br />

Accord<strong>in</strong>g to her, stopp<strong>in</strong>g a pandemic<br />

requires us<strong>in</strong>g <strong>all</strong> the tools available.<br />

“Vacc<strong>in</strong>es work with your immune system<br />

so your body will be ready to fight the virus<br />

if you are exposed. Masks, hand wash and<br />

social distanc<strong>in</strong>g help reduce your chance<br />

of be<strong>in</strong>g exposed to the virus or spread<strong>in</strong>g<br />

it to others. Together the two offer the best<br />

protection”, the UNICEF official said.<br />

She added that widespread use of vacc<strong>in</strong>e<br />

can reduce rate of spread <strong>in</strong> the community<br />

and reduce chances of a new variant as well<br />

as reduce the chances of lockdown.<br />

Corroborat<strong>in</strong>g her views <strong>in</strong> a chat with<br />

Sunday Vanguard, a renowned Medical<br />

Laboratory Scientist, Dr Casmier Ifeanyi,<br />

said despite the fact that Nigeria has<br />

vacc<strong>in</strong>ated about one million persons, there<br />

is worrisome vacc<strong>in</strong>e apathy <strong>in</strong> the country,<br />

add<strong>in</strong>g that “it is a big ch<strong>all</strong>enge with far<br />

reach<strong>in</strong>g implications.”<br />

He blamed vacc<strong>in</strong>e hesitancy on factors<br />

<strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g trust deficit and <strong>all</strong>eged want of<br />

transparency <strong>in</strong> the COVID-19 response<br />

activity by government at <strong>all</strong> levels.<br />

Ifeanyi said: “Some states <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g the<br />

Federal Capital Territory reportedly<br />

expended billions of Naira that didn’t<br />

impact very much on the ord<strong>in</strong>ary citizens<br />

dur<strong>in</strong>g the first wave of COVID-19<br />

pandemic last year.<br />

“So, when the vacc<strong>in</strong>e became available,<br />

many people, except the travel<strong>in</strong>g elites and<br />

members of the front l<strong>in</strong>e healthcare<br />

workers, were <strong>not</strong> eager to take the<br />

vacc<strong>in</strong>e.”<br />

Acknowledg<strong>in</strong>g that Nigeria does <strong>not</strong><br />

have enough of the vacc<strong>in</strong>e, he, nonetheless,<br />

said the country can<strong>not</strong> afford to overlook<br />

vacc<strong>in</strong>e apathy by Nigerians.<br />

“Most states <strong>in</strong> Nigeria <strong>in</strong>clud<strong>in</strong>g Kogi<br />

have received <strong>all</strong>ocations of the COVID-<br />

19 vacc<strong>in</strong>e with vary<strong>in</strong>g responses but<br />

over<strong>all</strong> people are <strong>not</strong> enthusiastic about<br />

tak<strong>in</strong>g the vacc<strong>in</strong>e”, the expert stated.<br />

He po<strong>in</strong>ted out that the implication of<br />

vacc<strong>in</strong>e apathy <strong>in</strong> a globalised world on<br />

health and the economy for Nigeria would<br />

be very upsett<strong>in</strong>g.<br />

“At the moment, there is concourse by<br />

many countries and regional blocs to<br />

deploy and implement the vacc<strong>in</strong>e visa and<br />

this will negatively impact non-compliance<br />

persons and countries”, Ifeanyi po<strong>in</strong>ted<br />

out.<br />

“Non-compliant persons and countries<br />

may <strong>not</strong> be able to engage <strong>in</strong> <strong>in</strong>ternational<br />

travels for trade and other sundry<br />

endeavours.”<br />

He warned that Nigerians cont<strong>in</strong>ued<br />

attitude of apathy to the COVID-19 vacc<strong>in</strong>e<br />

would do the country harm to the tune of<br />

becom<strong>in</strong>g ostracized from the global<br />

economic <strong>in</strong>terplay.<br />

Accord<strong>in</strong>g to him, government and<br />

Nigerians need to do whatever that is<br />

required to ensure that the country is <strong>not</strong><br />

ostracized.<br />

To forest<strong>all</strong> the negative implications of<br />

non-compliance, Ifeanyi c<strong>all</strong>ed for a<br />

susta<strong>in</strong>ed aggressive constructive<br />

engagement with the citizenry.<br />

To appraise the enormity of the exist<strong>in</strong>g<br />

apathy, he said: “Visit any market <strong>in</strong><br />

Nigeria and you would be shocked by the<br />

responses given by members of the public<br />

regard<strong>in</strong>g their acceptance or otherwise of<br />

the COVID-19 vacc<strong>in</strong>e.<br />

“It’s unfortunate that the general public<br />

seems <strong>not</strong> <strong>in</strong>terested <strong>in</strong> tak<strong>in</strong>g the COVID-<br />

19 vacc<strong>in</strong>e. Most Nigerians do <strong>not</strong> th<strong>in</strong>k<br />

they have need for the vacc<strong>in</strong>e. A good<br />

number of them would even tell you that<br />

they rather have need for food vacc<strong>in</strong>e<br />

<strong>in</strong>stead.<br />

“In the light of that, government,<br />

especi<strong>all</strong>y those charged with the COVID-<br />

19 response activities, must f<strong>in</strong>d ways of<br />

<strong>in</strong>centiviz<strong>in</strong>g the campaign for the<br />

vacc<strong>in</strong>ation.<br />

“We must f<strong>in</strong>d a way of mak<strong>in</strong>g it appeal<br />

to our people, we may <strong>not</strong> need to be<br />

draconian <strong>in</strong> approach but we can f<strong>in</strong>d<br />

avenues to give <strong>in</strong>centives, we can also f<strong>in</strong>d<br />

programs that we would use to motivate<br />

people to embrace the COVID-19 vacc<strong>in</strong>e.<br />

“The world is gradu<strong>all</strong>y return<strong>in</strong>g to<br />

normalcy and it is expected that when a<br />

significant number of the global population<br />

is vacc<strong>in</strong>ated, herd immunity would have<br />

been established.<br />

“So, if vacc<strong>in</strong>ation becomes a<br />

prerequisite for you to travel, for you to<br />

move from country to country then<br />

Nigerians must be up to par.”<br />

He stressed the need for more public<br />

education and enlightenment on the<br />

benefits or the advantages of be<strong>in</strong>g<br />

vacc<strong>in</strong>ated to get Nigerians <strong>in</strong>terested.<br />

“People should be told the truth about the<br />

COVID-19 vacc<strong>in</strong>e so that they know that<br />

if you take the jab there are benefits”, the<br />

expert said.

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