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Chapter 8 ■ ArraysYour output should specify the total number of votes, the number ofvalid votes, and the number of spoilt votes. This is followed by the votesobtained by each candidate and the winner(s) of the election.Suppose you are given the following data in the file, votes.txt:Victor TaylorDenise DuncanKamal RamdhanMichael AliAnisa SawhCarol KhanGary Olliverie3 1 2 5 4 3 5 3 5 3 2 8 1 6 7 7 3 56 9 3 4 7 1 2 4 5 5 1 4 0Your program should send the following output to the file, results.txt:Invalid vote: 8Invalid vote: 9Number of voters: 30Number of valid votes: 28Number of spoilt votes: 2CandidateScoreVictor Taylor 4Denise Duncan 3Kamal Ramdhan 6Michael Ali 4Anisa Sawh 6Carol Khan 2Gary Olliverie 3The winner(s):Kamal RamdhanAnisa SawhWe need to store the names of the 7 candidates and the votes obtained by each. We will usean int array for the votes. In order to work naturally with candidates 1 to 7, we will write thedeclarationint vote[8];and use vote[1] to vote[7] for counting the votes for the candidates; vote[c] will hold the countfor candidate c. We will not use vote[0].236www.it-ebooks.info
Chapter 8 ■ ArraysBut what kind of array can we use for the names, since a name itself is stored in a char array?We will need an “array of arrays” – a two-dimensional array. Consider the declarationchar name[8][15];We can think of name as having 8 rows and 15 columns. If we store one name in each row,then we can store 8 names. Each name is stored in an array of 15 characters. The rows arenumbered from 0 to 7 and the columns are numbered from 0 to 14. In our program, we will notuse row 0. We will store the names in rows 1 to 7. If we store the sample names in this array, it willlook like this:To cater for longer names, we will use the following declaration to store the names of thecandidates:char name[8][31];We will store the name of candidate c in name[c]; name[0] will not be used.To make the program flexible, we will define the following symbolic constants:#define MaxCandidates 7#define MaxNameLength 30and, in main, use these declarations:char name[MaxCandidates + 1][MaxNameLength + 1];int vote[MaxCandidates + 1];The #define directives will be placed at the top of the program, before main. When we do this,the symbolic constants will be available to any function that needs to use them.In general, variables and identifiers declared outside of any function are said to be externaland are available to any function that comes after it in the same file. (The rules are a bit morecomplicated than this, but this will suffice for our purposes.) So if the declarations are placedat the top of the program, the variables and identifiers would be available to all functions in theprogram, assuming the entire program is stored in one file (as is the case with our programs).237www.it-ebooks.info
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THE EXPERT’S VOICE® IN PROGRAMMI
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Learn to Program with CCopyright ©
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Contents at a GlanceAbout the Autho
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■ Contents1.7 Write Output with p
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■ Contents■Chapter ■ 5: Progr
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■ Contentsxii7.11 Some Character
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About the AuthorDr. Noel Kalicharan
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AcknowledgementsI would like to exp
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■ PrefaceOf course, you must lear
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Chapter 1 ■ Elementary Programmin
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Chapter 2C - The BasicsIn this chap
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Chapter 2 ■ C - The Basicstokenin
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2.3.2 Reserved WordsChapter 2 ■ C
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2.5 Integer Numbers - intChapter 2
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Chapter 2 ■ C - The Basicsis eval
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Chapter 2 ■ C - The BasicsEach nu
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Chapter 2 ■ C - The BasicsExercis
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Chapter 4Programs with Selection Lo
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Chapter 6 ■ CharactersThe ASCII c
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Chapter 6 ■ CharactersProgram P6.
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Chapter 6 ■ Characters6. The whil
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Chapter 6 ■ Characters6.6 Count C
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Chapter 6 ■ Charactersnumber of c
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Chapter 6 ■ Characters6.9 Read Ch
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Chapter 6 ■ CharactersThis proble
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Chapter 6 ■ CharactersTo get arou
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Chapter 6 ■ CharactersThe sequenc
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Chapter 7 ■ Functions7.2 skipLine
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Chapter 7 ■ FunctionsWhen we wish
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Chapter 7 ■ FunctionsIf, when a f
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Chapter 7 ■ FunctionsIn order to
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Chapter 7 ■ Functionsessentially
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Chapter 7 ■ FunctionsThe logic fo
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Chapter 7 ■ FunctionsSince lcm us
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Chapter 7 ■ Functions• The logi
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Chapter 10 ■ StructuresWe could e
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Chapter 10 ■ Structuresint n = 0;
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Chapter 10 ■ Structures10.7 Neste
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Chapter 10 ■ Structuresint main()
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Chapter 10 ■ Structures296A file,
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Chapter 10 ■ Structureselseprint
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Chapter 10 ■ StructuresTo find th
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Chapter 10 ■ StructuresVoteCount
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Chapter 10 ■ Structureswhile (k >
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Chapter 10 ■ Structures6. A file
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■ index• CCharactersarithmetic
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