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Chapter 10 ■ StructuresFraction divFraction(Fraction a, Fraction b) {Fraction c;c.num = a.num * b.den;c.den = a.den * b.num;return c;} //end divFractionTo illustrate their use, suppose we want to find 2 ⁄ 5of { 3 ⁄ 7+ 5 ⁄ 8}We can do this with the following statements:Fraction a, b, c, sum, ans;a.num = 2; a.den = 5;b.num = 3; b.den = 7;c.num = 5; c.den = 8;sum = addFraction(b, c);ans = mulFraction(a, sum);printFraction(ans);Strictly speaking, the variables sum and ans are not necessary, but we’ve used them tosimplify the explanation. Since an argument to a function can be an expression, we could get thesame result with this:printFraction(mulFraction(a, addFraction(b, c)));118/280When run, this code will print the following, which is the correct answer:However, if you want, you can write a function to reduce a fraction to its lowest terms. Thiscan be done by finding the highest common factor (HCF) of the numerator and denominator. Youthen divide the numerator and denominator by their HCF. For example, the HCF of 118 and 280 is2 so 118/280 reduces to 59/140. Writing this function is left as an exercise.10.9 A Voting ProblemThis example will be used to illustrate several points concerning the passing of arguments tofunctions. It further highlights the differences between array arguments and simple-variablearguments. We will show how a function can return more than one value to a calling functionby using a structure. To do so, we will write a program to solve the voting problem we met inSection 8.15. Here it is again:Problem: In an election, there are seven candidates. Each voter isallowed one vote for the candidate of their choice. The vote is recordedas a number from 1 to 7. The number of voters is unknown beforehand,but the votes are terminated by a vote of 0. Any vote that is not a numberfrom 1 to 7 is an invalid (spoiled) vote.295www.it-ebooks.info
Chapter 10 ■ Structures296A file, votes.txt, contains the names of the candidates. The first nameis considered as candidate 1, the second as candidate 2, and so on. Thenames are followed by the votes. Write a program to read the data andevaluate the results of the election. Print all output to the file, results.txt.Your output should specify the total number of votes, the number ofvalid votes, and the number of spoiled votes. This is followed by the votesobtained by each candidate and the winner(s) of the election.Suppose the file votes.txt contains the following data:Victor TaylorDenise DuncanKamal RamdhanMichael AliAnisa SawhCarol KhanGary Olliverie3 1 2 5 4 3 5 3 5 3 2 8 1 6 7 7 3 56 9 3 4 7 1 2 4 5 5 1 4 0Your program should send the following output to results.txt:Invalid vote: 8Invalid vote: 9Number of voters: 30Number of valid votes: 28Number of spoilt votes: 2Candidate ScoreVictor Taylor 4Denise Duncan 3Kamal Ramdhan 6Michael Ali 4Anisa Sawh 6Carol Khan 2Gary Olliverie 3The winner(s):Kamal RamdhanAnisa SawhWe now explain how we can solve this problem using C structures. Consider these declarations:typedef struct {char name[31];int numVotes;} PersonData;PersonData candidate[8];www.it-ebooks.info
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THE EXPERT’S VOICE® IN PROGRAMMI
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Learn to Program with CCopyright ©
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Contents at a GlanceAbout the Autho
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■ Contents1.7 Write Output with p
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■ Contents■Chapter ■ 5: Progr
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■ Contentsxii7.11 Some Character
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About the AuthorDr. Noel Kalicharan
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AcknowledgementsI would like to exp
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■ PrefaceOf course, you must lear
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Chapter 1 ■ Elementary Programmin
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