Learn to Program with C_ Learn to Program using the Popular C Programming Language ( PDFDrive )

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Chapter 9 ■ Searching, Sorting, and MergingThe top two cards are now 21 and 25. The smaller, 21, is removed and added to C, which nowcontains 16 21. This exposes the number 28. We have this:28 2535 4740 546175The top two cards are now 28 and 25. The smaller, 25, is removed and added to C, which nowcontains 16 21 25. This exposes the number 47. We have this:28 4735 54406175The top two cards are now 28 and 47. The smaller, 28, is removed and added to C, which nowcontains 16 21 25 28. This exposes the number 35. We have this:35 4740 546175The top two cards are now 35 and 47. The smaller, 35, is removed and added to C, which nowcontains 16 21 25 28 35. This exposes the number 40. We have this:40 4761 5475The top two cards are now 40 and 47. The smaller, 40, is removed and added to C, which nowcontains 16 21 25 28 35 40. This exposes the number 61. We have this:61 4775 54The top two cards are now 61 and 47. The smaller, 47, is removed and added to C, which nowcontains 16 21 25 28 35 40 47. This exposes the number 54. We have this:61 5475The top two cards are now 61 and 54. The smaller, 54, is removed and added to C, which nowcontains 16 21 25 28 35 40 47 54. The list B has no more numbers.272www.it-ebooks.info
Chapter 9 ■ Searching, Sorting, and MergingWe copy the remaining elements (61 75) of A to C, which now contains the following:16 21 25 28 35 40 47 54 61 75The merge is now completed.At each step of the merge, we compare the smallest remaining number of A with the smallestremaining number of B. The smaller of these is added to C. If the smaller comes from A, we moveon to the next number in A; if the smaller comes from B, we move on to the next number in B.This is repeated until all the numbers in either A or B have been used. If all the numbers inA have been used, we add the remaining numbers from B to C. If all the numbers in B have beenused, we add the remaining numbers from A to C.We can express the logic of the merge as follows:while (at least one number remains in both A and B) {if (smallest in A < smallest in B)add smallest in A to Cmove on to next number in Aelseadd smallest in B to Cmove on to next number in Bendif}if (A has ended) add remaining numbers in B to Celse add remaining numbers in A to C9.8.1 Implement the MergeAssume that an array A contains m numbers stored in A[0] to A[m-1], and an array B contains nnumbers stored in B[0] to B[n-1]. Assume that the numbers are stored in ascending order.We want to merge the numbers in A and B into another array C such that C[0] to C[m+n-1]contains all the numbers in A and B sorted in ascending order.We will use integer variables i, j, and k to subscript the arrays A, B, and C, respectively. “Movingon to the next position” in an array can be done by adding 1 to the subscript variable.We can implement the merge with the following code:i = 0; //i points to the first (smallest) number in Aj = 0; //j points to the first (smallest) number in Bk = -1; //k will be incremented before storing a number in C[k]while (i < m && j < n) {if (A[i] < B[j]) C[++k] = A[i++];else C[++k] = B[j++];}if (i == m) //copy B[j] to B[n-1] to Cfor ( ; j < n; j++) C[++k] = B[j];else // j == n, copy A[i] to A[m-1] to Cfor ( ; i < m; i++) C[++k] = A[i];273www.it-ebooks.info
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THE EXPERT’S VOICE® IN PROGRAMMI
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Learn to Program with CCopyright ©
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Contents at a GlanceAbout the Autho
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■ Contents1.7 Write Output with p
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■ Contents■Chapter ■ 5: Progr
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■ Contentsxii7.11 Some Character
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About the AuthorDr. Noel Kalicharan
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AcknowledgementsI would like to exp
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■ PrefaceOf course, you must lear
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Chapter 1 ■ Elementary Programmin
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Chapter 2C - The BasicsIn this chap
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Chapter 2 ■ C - The Basicstokenin
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2.3.2 Reserved WordsChapter 2 ■ C
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2.5 Integer Numbers - intChapter 2
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Chapter 2 ■ C - The Basicsis eval
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Chapter 2 ■ C - The BasicsEach nu
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Chapter 2 ■ C - The BasicsExercis
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Chapter 2 ■ C - The Basics30. Wha
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Chapter 3 ■ Programs with Sequenc
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Chapter 4Programs with Selection Lo
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Chapter 6 ■ CharactersThe ASCII c
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Chapter 6 ■ CharactersIn this cas
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Chapter 6 ■ CharactersHThis would
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Chapter 6 ■ CharactersProgram P6.
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Chapter 6 ■ Characters6. The whil
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Chapter 6 ■ Characters6.6 Count C
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Chapter 6 ■ Charactersnumber of c
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Chapter 6 ■ Characters6.9 Read Ch
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Chapter 6 ■ CharactersThis proble
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Chapter 6 ■ CharactersTo get arou
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Chapter 6 ■ CharactersThe sequenc
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Chapter 6 ■ Characters11. Write a
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Chapter 7 ■ Functions7.2 skipLine
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Chapter 7 ■ FunctionsWhen we wish
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Chapter 7 ■ FunctionsIf, when a f
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Chapter 7 ■ FunctionsIn order to
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Chapter 7 ■ Functionsessentially
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Chapter 7 ■ FunctionsThe logic fo
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Chapter 7 ■ FunctionsSince lcm us
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Chapter 7 ■ Functions• The logi
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Chapter 7 ■ Functionsint factoria
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Chapter 7 ■ Functions7.10 Sum of
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Chapter 7 ■ Functions7.11 Some Ch
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Chapter 7 ■ Functionsint isLowerC
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Chapter 7 ■ FunctionsThis fetches
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Chapter 7 ■ Functions8. Write a f
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Chapter 8ArraysIn this chapter, we
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Chapter 8 ■ ArraysIn our example,
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Chapter 8 ■ ArraysIf we wish to p
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8.3.1 About Not Using Element 0Chap
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Chapter 8 ■ ArraysPoints to note
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Chapter 8 ■ ArraysThe complete pr
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Chapter 8 ■ ArraysYou can change
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Chapter 8 ■ ArraysTo use the func
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Chapter 8 ■ ArraysThe length of a
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Chapter 8 ■ ArraysIn printf, the
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Chapter 8 ■ ArraysSwapping two ch
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