Project Number: FP6-IST-507554 Project Title: BROADBAND in ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Band Frequencies (kHz) Application A 9 to 95 Out of house transmission B 95 to 125 In house transmission Page 38 of 319 FP6-IST-507554/JCP/R/Pub/D2.2-3.2 C 125 to 140 In house transmission based on a specific multiple access protocol D 140 to 148.5 In house transmission E From 150 Radio bands, … Table 4: CENELEC Bands for Data Transmission over 230/400 V Power Line Networks (transmitter power ≤ 5 mW) 7.2.1.4.1 Frequency allocations ETSI and CENELEC have partitioned the HF frequency band (from 1.8 MHz to 30 MHz) into two parts: • from 1.8 MHz to 12 MHz is allocated for Access PLC • from 12 MHz to 30 MHz is allocated for In-House PLC 7.2.1.4.2 Projects The 2 main European projects covering PLC are: • FP6 project: OPERA: covering all the aspects of PLC • FP5 project: 6power: covering Ipv6, QoS & POWER line integration (concluded) More detailed description of these projects is given in Annex. 7.2.1.5 Issues and trends There are some recent publications, which demonstrates that inherent problems can be solved by adopting new modulation technologies such as multi-carrier modulation (MCM) and of use digital filter banks (DFB) instead of OFDM to obtain high level stop-band attenuation (larger than 100 dB) to ensure that the technology do not have a power leakage in the frequency bands allocated to other users of the HF band. This new technology, uses peer to peer communications instead of the commonly used master-slave communications to keep the electromagnetic radiations as low as possible. The MAC (medium access control) allows ad hoc networking and self-organization. The results of computer simulations have shown that this new technology can meet NB30 requirements under normal operations. High data rates (up to 300 Mbps) both interactive (IP services) and broadcast (DTV) services can be offered. The main PLC players (those that have known customers and whose technology has been proven in the field) are: • Ascom: It is based on a 2 Mbps GMSK technology. Ascom develops both the core technology and the equipment. The used frequency bands are compatible with European standards. However, Ascom is no more active in the commercial field. • DS2: 1280-carriers OFDM technology can provide up to 45 Mbps in a 10-MHz range. DS2 targets both access and home networking markets. Its frequency allocation is compatible with European standards. They have announced a new generation of PLC equipment having up to 200 Mb/s, but the technology is not yet proven in the field. DS2 equipment does not meet the CENELEC and NB30 standards with respect to radiations and interference. • Intellon: the HomePlug standard is based on their technology (84-carriers OFDM, 14 Mbps theoretical data rate, 6-8 Mbps actual data rate). Intellon is exclusively focused on the home networking market (it’s technology does not support repeaters, which precludes it from being used in long-distance access scenarios). It’s inefficient frequency allocation (from 4 to 20 MHz) is incompatible with European standard regarding access and in-home coexistence. • Itran: 2 Mbps CDMA technology. It is not compatible with European standard regarding coexistence between access and in-home. Its main customer is the Israeli company Mainnet.
Page 39 of 319 FP6-IST-507554/JCP/R/Pub/D2.2-3.2 7.2.1.5.1 Gap Analysis Most of the PLC equipment on the market relies on a master-slave communications. Thereby, the master has to reach all slaves in order to allow them to register and ask the master for transmission permission. The transmit power of the master has therefore be high enough to reach all the slaves. High transmit power leads to high EM radiations. There is also a mismatch between given topology of electric energy distribution and the used masterslave scheme. If an additional master is needed for scalability, the new master has to be synchronized to the master already in use, otherwise they are going to interfere with each other. The problems are: 1) high electromagnetic radiations (usually above the limits requested by the regulatory) and 2) no scalability (or difficult scalability). The hot debates today concern the radiation levels and frequency bands of PLC. In Europe data transmission over the so called “low voltage” (230V) power line network is regulated very restrictively by CENELEC (European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization). The CENELEC bands for data transmission over low voltage power line networks are shown in Table 3. For out-of-house (access) transmission the band A with a bandwidth of 90 kHz is available, which only allows low bit-rates. For broadband PLC the frequency band from 1.6 to 30 MHz is required. This makes the short-wave-radio community step in, because they see traditional and important services sensitively disturbed by unintentional, cumulated radiation from many PLC systems. The short-wave-radio community, which is represented by many organisations, want to achieve very low radiation field strength limits in the regulations for broadband PLC systems. This would bring the signal-to-noise-ratio at the PLC receivers and consequently the bit-rates down. The technical arguments of the short-wave-radio community can’t be denied because short waves enable long distance radio services for many users (military, police, secret service, embassies, airlines, maritime, public radio, radio amateurs, etc.) based on reflections at the ionosphere. The received signals are typically weak, therefore the noise level must be very low. Finally, in order to be cost-competitive with other broadband technologies like xDSL, cable, VDSL, WiFi, WiMAX and FTTH, the PLC solution has to provide high data rates and be of reasonable complexity. To achieve high data rates, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) must be high enough to be able to use multilevel codes. This means that the path loss must be such to allow high SNR. Another way to achieve high data rates is to use larger frequency band. This is the reason why FCC has decided to allocate to BPL communications a frequency band from 1.8 MHz to 80 MHz. 7.2.1.6 Roadmap PLC technology has long way to go and it is expected with ETSI and PLC forum working hand-in-hand in developing the agreed standards will lead a way towards early deployment of competitive technology in different countries of Europe. Once, the hurdles of EMC, and bandwidth provisions with QoS; and security functionalities are in built into the PLC technology, the deployment can spread very fast across Europe and the globe. The potential of PLC and its exploitation by the European industries can be compared to the GSM technology, if successful both in political and technical levels. OPERA project is expected to provide solutions to the problems identified and next 10 years will be important time scale for PLC industries and service providers.
Page 1 and 2: Project Number: FP6-IST-507554 Proj
Page 3 and 4: 1. Executive Summary Page 3 of 319
Page 5 and 6: Page 5 of 319 FP6-IST-507554/JCP/R/
Page 7 and 8: Page 7 of 319 FP6-IST-507554/JCP/R/
Page 9 and 10: 3. List of abbreviations 3R Re-Ampl
Page 11 and 12: PON Passive Optical Network PSD Pow
Page 13 and 14: Page 13 of 319 FP6-IST-507554/JCP/R
Page 19 and 20: 6.4 Convergence of markets 6.4.1 Ve
Page 21 and 22: 6.4.6 Divergence of markets Page 21
Page 25 and 26: A/SP •Access to user •Security
Page 27 and 28: 7.1 HOME NETWORK (wireless) 7.1.1 I
Page 29 and 30: 7.1.2.1 Cabled Home Network Page 29
Page 31 and 32: 7.1.3 Issues and Trends / Gap analy
Page 33 and 34: Figure 6: Wireless technology roadm
Page 35 and 36: SNI (Optical) Core Network PLC LT O
Page 37: Page 37 of 319 FP6-IST-507554/JCP/R
Page 43 and 44: 7.2.2.3 Socio Economic issues Page
Page 45 and 46: 7.2.2.5 Roadmap Page 45 of 319 FP6-
Page 47 and 48: 7.2.3 Broadband Wireless Access 7.2
Page 51 and 52: 7.2.3.3 Socio Economic issues Page
Page 53 and 54: 7.2.4 Mobile 7.2.4.1 Introduction P
Page 55 and 56: 7.2.5 Satellite 7.2.5.1 Introductio
Page 57 and 58: 7.2.5.3 Issues and trends Page 57 o
Page 59 and 60: 7.2.6 xDSL 7.2.6.1 Current technolo
Page 61 and 62: 7.2.7 FTTx 7.2.7.1 Introduction Pag
Page 67 and 68: 7.2.8 DVB-T 7.2.8.1 Introduction: P
Page 69 and 70: 7.2.9 HAP 7.2.9.1 Introduction Page
Page 73 and 74: 7.3.1.3 Socio Economic Issues Page
Page 85 and 86: 7.3.4 Signalling Page 85 of 319 FP6
Page 87 and 88: 7.3.5.3 Issues and Trends Page 87 o
Page 89 and 90:
7.3.6 Physical layer aspects 7.3.6.
Page 91 and 92:
7.3.6.4 Key components of optical a
Page 93 and 94:
Page 93 of 319 FP6-IST-507554/JCP/R
Page 95 and 96:
7.3.7 Disturbance in PLC, Cable and
Page 97 and 98:
7.4 CORE AND METRO 7.4.1 Optical Ne
Page 99 and 100:
Page 99 of 319 FP6-IST-507554/JCP/R
Page 101 and 102:
7.4.2.4.3 Roadmap summary The follo
Page 103 and 104:
7.4.3 Optical Backbone 7.4.3.1 Intr
Page 105 and 106:
OTN WDM SDH PDH Teleph 0.01 0.1 Pag
Page 107 and 108:
7.4.3.2.2 Networking Page 107 of 31
Page 109 and 110:
Page 109 of 319 FP6-IST-507554/JCP/
Page 111 and 112:
Page 113 and 114:
Page 115 and 116:
7.4.4 Grid networks 7.4.4.1 Introdu
Page 117 and 118:
Page 119 and 120:
Page 121 and 122:
Page 123 and 124:
7.5.1.3 Issues and trends Page 123
Page 125 and 126:
Page 127 and 128:
Page 129 and 130:
Page 131 and 132:
Page 133 and 134:
UMTS Nodes B & BTS FlexiNET Generic
Page 135 and 136:
7.5.3.2 State of the art 7.5.3.2.1
Page 137 and 138:
8. Market developments & policy asp
Page 139 and 140:
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
8.2.3 Broadband policy Page 143 of
Page 145 and 146:
Page 147 and 148:
Page 149 and 150:
8.4 Belgium 8.4.1 Introduction Page
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
8.6 Czech Republic 8.6.1 Introducti
Page 155 and 156:
8.7 Denmark 8.7.1 Introduction Page
Page 157 and 158:
Page 159 and 160:
Page 161 and 162:
Page 163 and 164:
8.8 Estonia 8.8.1 Introduction Page
Page 165 and 166:
8.9 Finland 8.9.1 Introduction Page
Page 167 and 168:
Page 169 and 170:
Page 171 and 172:
Page 173 and 174:
percent 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Page
Page 175 and 176:
percent of all Internet users in th
Page 177 and 178:
Page 179 and 180:
Figure 62. FUNET Internet backbone.
Page 181 and 182:
8.10 France 8.10.1 Introduction Pag
Page 183 and 184:
Page 185 and 186:
8.11 Germany 8.11.1 Introduction Pa
Page 187 and 188:
Page 189 and 190:
Page 191 and 192:
8.12 Greece Page 191 of 319 FP6-IST
Page 193 and 194:
Page 195 and 196:
8.14 Ireland 8.14.1 Introduction Pa
Page 197 and 198:
Page 199 and 200:
Page 201 and 202:
8.16.4 Conclusion Page 201 of 319 F
Page 203 and 204:
8.17.4 Conclusion Page 203 of 319 F
Page 205 and 206:
Page 207 and 208:
TV SURF (the cable offer of EPT in
Page 209 and 210:
8.19 Malta 8.19.1 Introduction Page
Page 211 and 212:
8.20 Poland 8.20.1 Introduction Pag
Page 213 and 214:
8.21 Portugal 8.21.1 Introduction P
Page 215 and 216:
8.22 Slovakia 8.22.1 Introduction P
Page 217 and 218:
8.23 Slovenia 8.23.1 Introduction P
Page 219 and 220:
8.24 Spain 8.24.1 Introduction Page
Page 221 and 222:
Page 223 and 224:
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
8.25.4 Appendix Page 227 of 319 FP6
Page 229 and 230:
8.26.2.2 Pricing Company Access typ
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Page 235 and 236:
Tiscali Broadband x10 £15.99 512Kb
Page 237 and 238:
BT Business Single 500 £35.24 512K
Page 239 and 240:
15 12 9 6 3 0 2001 Q3 Q4 2002 Q1 Q2
Page 241 and 242:
Figure 77: Broadband At Home Page 2
Page 243 and 244:
Page 245 and 246:
8.28.2.4 Pricing Figure 81: Home BB
Page 247 and 248:
Page 249 and 250:
Page 251 and 252:
Page 253 and 254:
Page 255 and 256:
Page 257 and 258:
8.29.2.2 Content Page 257 of 319 FP
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Page 263 and 264:
8.30 Non-EU country studies: South
Page 265 and 266:
Page 267 and 268:
Page 269 and 270:
Page 271 and 272:
Page 273 and 274:
Page 275 and 276:
Page 277 and 278:
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
Page 283 and 284:
8.30.5 Annex: Broadband diffusion f
Page 285 and 286:
Page 287 and 288:
Page 289 and 290:
Page 291 and 292:
8.32 Non-EU country studies: Icelan
Page 293 and 294:
Figure 109: Computer skill Page 293
Page 295 and 296:
Page 297 and 298:
Page 299 and 300:
9.2 Factors influencing broadband d
Page 301 and 302:
Page 303 and 304:
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 Source : OECD 9.2
Page 305 and 306:
9.2.4 Public policy Page 305 of 319
Page 307 and 308:
Page 309 and 310:
9.4 Conclusion Page 309 of 319 FP6-
Page 311 and 312:
Page 313 and 314:
Page 315 and 316:
10.3.3 Potential future application
Page 317 and 318:
Page 319:
show all

Project Number: FP6-IST-507554 Project Title: BROADBAND in ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?