Basic concepts of population genetics - Bioversity International

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Contents Definitions The Hardy-Weinberg principle Examples of calculating allele frequencies Reproduction and mating systems Forces shaping genetic diversity Appendix 1: Critical values of the chi-square distribution Copyright: IPGRI and Cornell University, 2003 Population genetics 2 2
Definitions: Population genetics The measurement of variability by describing changes in allele frequency for a particular trait over time The analysis of causes leading to those changes Copyright: IPGRI and Cornell University, 2003 Population genetics 3 ‘Population genetics’ is defined in many ways. In general, we can say that population genetics is the study of the application of Mendel’s laws and other genetic principles to entire populations of organisms instead of just to individuals. Population genetics is also the study of changes in gene frequencies and, as such, is closely related to evolutionary genetics because evolution depends heavily on changes in gene frequencies. A short introduction to the main factors possibly causing changes in genetic diversity may be found in slides 33 to 42 of this section. Although inspecting all genetic variables present in a population is virtually impossible, we can examine a population through variation in individual phenotypes (description of certain morphological or physiological traits) and genotypes (molecular markers). 3
Page 1: Genetic diversity analysis with mol
Page 5 and 6: Phenotypic variation Pink Pale crea
Page 7 and 8: Genotype is … The description of
Page 9 and 10: What is polymorphism? ‘Presence
Page 11 and 12: Population structure Three levels o
Page 13 and 14: Allele frequency Allele frequency
Page 15 and 16: Genotype frequency This is the fre
Page 17 and 18: Demonstrating the H-W principle Gen
Page 19 and 20: The chi-square test This hypothesi
Page 21 and 22: Calculating allele frequencies: Exa
Page 23 and 24: Locus A B D … with a codominant m
Page 25 and 26: Locus A Locus B Locus D … with a
Page 27 and 28: ... with a codominant gene having m
Page 29 and 30: Random mating Mating that takes pl
Page 31 and 32: Inbreeding coefficient It compares
Page 33 and 34: Forces shaping genetic diversity M
Page 35 and 36: Migration It is the movement of in
Page 37 and 38: Selection It is the inherited abili
Page 39 and 40: Effective population size Ne is th
Page 41 and 42: Consequences … (continued) A bot
Page 43 and 44: Appendix 1 Copyright: IPGRI and Cor
Page 45 and 46: By now you should know … The bas
Page 47:
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