Mars Science City – Space Architecture Design Studio 2020

HB2
MARS
SCIENCE
CITY
Department of Building Construction and Design
Institute of Architecture and Design
Vienna University of Technology

MARS SCIENCE CITY
Space Architecture Design Studio SS 2020
Department of Building
Construction and Design
Institute of Architecture and Design
Vienna University of Technology
2020
HB2

MARS SCIENCE CITY
Space Architecture Design Studio 2020
Published by
Vienna University of Technology
Institute of Architecture and Design
Department of Building Construction and Design
Hochbau 2
www.hb2.tuwien.ac.at
Editors
Dr. Sandra Häuplik-Meusburger
Laura Farmwald
Coverdesign
Gilles Schneider, Armin Ramovic
Copyright
Department of Building Construction and Design,
Hochbau 2 (HB2), Vienna University of Technology;
authors; students; photographers
© 2020
Images may be used for educational or informational
purposes if HB2, TUWien and the author are credited as the
source of the image.
ISBN
978-3-9519864-0-1
Print
Vica Druck
This project has received funding from the Federal Ministry
Republic of Austria | Climate Action, Environment, Energy,
Mobility, Innovation and Technology.

CONTENT
Design Task
Design Studio Approach
Reflections on Self Isolation
Extended Teaching Team
The Students
Project Map
Projects
6
8
10
16
24
28
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HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
DESIGN TASK
The Mars Science City design studio topic fits into the
long-term vision to build a human settlement on Mars. The
students were first asked to look far into the future and
imagine what a city on Mars would be like.
How do they think people would live
in about 100 years on another planet?
What would they take with them from
Earth, and what would they want to
see totally different?
The student teams have developed a conceptual vision of
this city. In parallel they researched and worked on the environmental,
technical and social challenges of getting to
and being on Mars. Each team was asked to identify three
major challenges and / or characteristics, based on their
vision.
What would be needed to start the
settlement in order to become the
city they have imagined?
This was the most challenging part for the student’s
teams, and became the starting point for the individual
architectural solutions of the near-term project on Mars.
6

DESIGN TASK
Poster for announcement of Design Studio, Image: Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation
7

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
DESIGN STUDIO
APPROACH
WORK FROM HOME
materials of inflatable and deployable structures, which
can be efficiently packed and deployed to a greater volume
on site. The students also explored habitat typologies and
their specific characteristic of modularity, flexibility and
expansion concepts. In dependence of the mission scenario
additional transport vehicles for increased mobility and
long range exploration is required on site. Other necessary
infrastructure includes facilities for gaining and storing
energy, robotics and industrial manufacturing, in-situproducution
with on-site materials, and much more.
The Mars Science City design studio took place from March
to June 2020 at the Vienna University of Technology. During
this time, 12 projects were developed and elaborated by the
students.
As usual, the studio started at the beginning of March with
input lectures. Sandra Häuplik-Meusburger introduced
the studio topic and summarized important aspects of
going to and building on Mars. Norbert Frischauf gave an
overall input on Mars features and required technologies,
and Olivier Lamborelle talked about the work on the
International Space Station and future training facilities.
Following the input lectures, we discussed issues interested
for the students and they chose a research topic to prepare
for the design of a Mars habitation project.
The topics included basic information on Mars
characteristics, specific environmental challenges, science
opportunities and past, current and future planned missions.
Furthermore specific know-how on required technologies
for habitation design; thermal control systems, power
supply and energy stowage, shielding, maintenance and
supply, … to name a few.
Of great importance for a remote and extreme
environmental habitat on Mars are crew- and life support
systems, in-situ-resource utilisation and the implementation
of technical greenhouses for food production and
recycling. Different construction methods were analysed
and examined. Research included geometric studies, and
Overall the goal is to secure a safe and sustainable work
and living environment. For the human habitation design
challenges related to human activities include food
production, storage and recycling, hygiene and waste
collection. Social constraints and challenges include
intensive social interaction and isolation, personal space
and territorial issues. Each student team researched and
prepared their presentations on selected themes. However,
shortly before the next meeting, the course was switched
to distance learning due to Covid-19.
It was challenging, and all of us had to adapt to this new
situation. The topic of the studio was changed in that
together with the students we decided to work on a more
detailed concept for a city ON Mars.
The approach of the studio was to first translate their
their vision, of what they would like to see in a future city
on Earth, into a futuristic architectural concept. After
presentation and joint discussions, students were asked to
think of how this vision could start.
What would be needed now, in order to realize this
distant dream?
This ‚twist of thinking‘ was very challenging for the
students.
During the whole semester we could only meet online,
and students were spread around the world. Some of the
students got up early in the morning to join the sessions.
We met regularly and all meetings were open to all. Similarly
8

STUDIO APPROACH
to the normal studio, students could listen to and ask
questions about other project presentations. Often, we
had guests from the larger space community to join us. Our
guest usually started with a short input lecture, followed
by intense project discussion with the students. The team
of Querkraft, Clemens Russ and Fabian Kahr delivered a
lecture on the Austrian pavillon in Dubai, Georgios Gourlis
from Jung Ingenieure talked with the students about
sustainable energy design. We had a lecture on how to plan
for future cities by Katja Schechtner, a lecture on Mars
mobility by Gerhard Schwetz, a lecture on the Mars ICE
House by Christina Ciardullo, and a lecture on Mars science
by Gernot Grömer. David Nixon joined us for an intensive
project discussion and input on space architecture.
The final project meeting was held public and acted as
preliminary design review. External reviewers from all over
the world joined the discussions with the students.
In-between we had an interesting mid-term presentation
together with students from the robotic department at the
TU Delft lead by Henriette Bier.
9

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
10
This is what an
online semester
looks like.

STUDIO APPROACH
WORK FROM HOME
11

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
REFLECTIONS
ON
SELF
ISOLATION
Being stuck at home can be challenging. Isolation, boredom
and living in a small place with a limited amount of people
are only a few of the challenges each of us is facing at
the moment. The students were given the task to create a
short video documenting their personal experience during
the COVID-19 shutdown. They were asked to critically
reflect their self-isolation expierence from an architects‘
perspective.
What are / have been the biggest
challenges for you?
How did you overcome them?
Which ones couldn’t you handle?
And what do you think would help in
terms of Architecture and Design?
Svetla Stoyanova
Xhem Mujedini
12

STUDIO APPROACH
Ajdari Skhumbim
Aleksandra Brajic
Alexadner Brückler
Alma Kugic
Doris Binder
Elian Trinca
13

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
Eva Kaprinayova
Gilles Schneider
Bojana Gojkovic
Jonas Gündar
Julia Vorraber
Julian Graf
14

STUDIO APPROACH
Kaitlyn Podwalski
Maria Ivanova
Miruna Vecerdi and Rudolf Walther Erdem Neumerkel
Mohammad Sahil Adnan
Mykhailo Bula
Sofia Ahr
15

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
EXTENDED
TEACHING
TEAM
Sandra Häuplik-Meusburger
Studio Director
TU Vienna, HB2
Dr. Sandra Häuplik-Meusburger is Senior
lecturer at the Institute for Architecture
and Design. Her teachings include design
courses in space architecture and extreme
environment architecture and a
regular course on ‘Emerging Fields in
Architecture’. Sandra is also director of
the Space course at the Science Academy
in Lower Austria. She is an architect
at space-craft Architektur and expert in
habitability design solutions for extreme
environments.Over the last 15 years, she
has worked and collaborated on several
architecture and aerospace design projects.
Sandra is Vice-chair of the AIAA
Space Architecture Technical Commitee,
and Co-chair of the IAA History Committee.
She is author of several scientific
papers and books, her latest is co-authored
with Shery Bishop; Space Habitats
and Habitability (Springer 2020) .
Teaching architecture and expecially
the field of space architecture is an
interdisciplinary task. It can never be a
single endeavour.
This year, I would like to thank the
following guest lecturers, critics and
reviewers for sharing their knowledge and
experiences with the students, and their
valuable input to the projects.
Special thanks for supporting the booklet
production go to Laura Farmwald.
[in an alphabetical order]
16

INSTRUCTORS | LECTURERS | GUEST CRITICS
Sasha Alexander
Industrial Designer | Western Sydney
University
Sasha Alexander PhD has industrial
design qualifications, a doctorate in Value
Chains, with international experience in
new product development and research
and currently a university academic with
the Sydney, Australia based Western
Sydney University School of Built
Environment for construction, architecture
and industrial design. More
recently engagement in design for health
and well-being on long duration
spaceflight Mars Mission founding the
first Australian university-level
Interdisciplinary Space Lab (ISL) in
cooperation with SICSA University of
Houston. Teaching and design research
strengths include Design for Circular
Economy and Sustainability, integration of
UNSDGs for professional practice,
inclusive design, telehealth, design for
remote indigenous communities, and
strategic design management.
Olga Bannova
Space Architect | Director SICSA |
University of Houston
Dr. Olga Bannova is a Research Professor
at the University of Houston’s College of
Engineering, Director of the Master of
Science in Space Architecture program
and Sasakawa International Center for
Space Architecture – an academic leader
in the field of space architecture and in
planning and designing of facilities for
extreme environments on Earth. Olga
conducts research and design studies of
orbital and surface habitats and
settlements in space and for extreme
environments on Earth. She has authored
dozens of technical research papers and
journal articles, and a book Space
Architecture Education for Engineers and
Architects (Springer, 2016). Olga is a
Chair of the AIAA Space Architecture
Technical Committee.
Henriette Bier
Associate Professor Robotic Building |
TU Delft
After graduating in architecture from the
University of Karlsruhe in Germany,
Henriette Bier has worked with Morphosis
on internationally relevant projects in the
US and Europe. She has taught digitallydriven
architectural design at universities
in Austria, Germany, Belgium and the
Netherlands and since 2004 she mainly
teaches and researches at Technical
University Delft with focus on Robotic
Building. She initiated and coordinated
the workshops and lecture series and
finalized her PhD on System-embedded
Intelligence in Architecture. She has been
appointed professor at Dessau Institute
of Architecture. Results of her research
are internationally published in books,
journals and conference proceedings and
she regularly lectures and leads
workshops.
17

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
18
Sheryl Bishop
Space Psychologist
Sheryl L. Bishop, PhD is Professor
Emeritus and Social Psychologist at the
University of Texas Medical Branch at
Galveston School of Nursing. As an
internationally recognized behavioral
researcher in extreme environments, for
the last 30 years Dr. Bishop has
investigated human performance and
group dynamics in teams in extreme,
unusual environments, involving deep
cavers, mountain climbers, desert survival
groups, polar expeditioners, Antarctic
winter-over groups and various
simulations of isolated, confined
environments for space at remote
habitats (e.g., Mars Desert Research
Station in Utah, USA, HiSEAS in Hawaii,
USA and the FMARS and Mars Project on
Devon Island, Canada).
Christina Ciardullo
Senior Architect Earth & Space |
SEArch+ | Space Exploration Architecture
Christina is an architect with a background
in astronomy and philosophy, bridging a
career of practice and research at the
intersection of the natural sciences and
the built environment, designing for a
sustainable future for Earth and Space.
She is a PhD student at the Center for
Ecosystems in Architecture and the
co-founder of SEArch+, Space Exploration
Architecture. In her work at SEArch+,
Christina and her partners worked with
an interdisciplinary team to win first place
in the 2015 and 2019 NASA Centennial
Challenges to 3D Print a Martian Habitat.
She consults with NASA Johnson Space
Center, Langley Research Center, and
Marshall Space Center on closed-loop
sustainable habitats. Ms. Ciardullo has
also served as the 2016/17 Buckminster
Fuller Institute Fellow and 2015/16 Ann
Kalla Fellow / Assistant Professor at
Carnegie Mellon University School of
Architecture.
Mahsa Esfand
Space Architect | University of Houston
Mahsa Moghimi Esfandabadi has three
master‘s degrees in the architecture field
that cover the past (M.A. in Iranian
Architecture Studies), the present (M.S.
Architectural Engineering), and the future
(M.S. AeroSpace Architecture). She is the
first Middle Eastern who graduated from
AeroSpace Architecture from the
University of Houston, and is also the first
Middle Eastern at Space Architecture
Technical Committee (SATC). She has
worked as a professional architect, project
manager, and assistant professor for
more than ten years. Currently, she is a
consultant for various companies to
design habitats and greenhouses for
Mars, Moon, and the zero-gravity.

INSTRUCTORS | LECTURERS | GUEST CRITICS
Laura Farmwald
Tutor HB2 | TU Wien
Norbert Frischauf
High Energy Physicist | MIRA
Georgios Gourlis
Engineer | P. Jung GmbH TU Vienna
Laura Farmwald is an architecture student
based in Vienna. Her work includes film,
photography, design and site-related art
installations from an architectural point of
view. Since 2018 she has been working as
a tutor at the Institute of Architecture and
Design, Department of Building
Construction and Design, HB2.
Dr. Norbert Frischauf is a High-Energy
Physicist, Future Studies Systems
Engineer and currently a Partner at
SpaceTec Partners and Co-Founder of
Off-World, MIRA and several other startups.
Norbert is an accomplished
technologist with a global view in diverse
industrial and scientific sectors including
experimental physics, electrical
engineering and aerospace engineering.
As such he was worked at CERN, the
European Space Agency (ESA), the
German Aerospace Center (DLR), as well
as several national government agencies
across Europe and the European
Commission (EC). Norbert is a leading
member in various associations (such as
IAA, OEWF), an active science
communicator (TV, radio, press) and a
keen acrobatic pilot.
Georgios Gourlis holds a Diploma in
Architectural Engineering from NTUA and
a MSc in Building Science and Technology
from TU Wien. His fields of expertise
cover building performance simulation,
indoor thermal comfort, energy efficient
refurbishment and the utilisation of BIM in
the integrated planning process with
regard to building energy modelling.
Among other projects, he has been
intensively involved in the development of
the innovative climate concept of the
Austria Pavilion for the EXPO 2020 in
Dubai and in the FFG-flagship research
project Balanced Manufacturing – BaMa,
which resulted in a holistic method and a
software toolchain for enabling companies
to combine the success factors of energy,
time, costs and quality in production and
operational planning.
19

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
Gernot Grömer
Astrobiologist | Director Austrian Space
Forum
Dr. Gernot Groemer is the director of the
Austrian Space Forum; he is an alumni of
the International Space University and
holds a PhD in Astrobiology. He teaches
at the University of Klagenfurt in the field
of Mars exploration and Astrobiology.
Moreover, he is a lecturer at various
universities and is a member of the Board
of Mentors of the Space Generation
Advisory Council. Gernot is an active
analog astronaut at the Austrian Space
Forum logging 113 simulated EVA-hours
and a total of 30 min of zero-gravity. He
led more 13 Mars expedition simulations
and coordinates the development of the
experimental spacesuit simulator
Aouda.X.
Fabian Kahr
Architect | querkraft
2008:
art history studies at university salzburg
2010:
architecture studies at tu wien
2012:
hillebrand bau und immobilien, wals
2016:
querkraft architekten, vienna
Olivier Lamborelle
Service Department Manager | Space
Applications Services
After having obtained a Master of
Electronics and Telecommunications
Engineering in 2001, Olivier Lamborelle
floated in the space business and never
left it. After working in Paris and Brussels,
he became an anstronaut instructor at
the European Astronaut Center in
Cologne, Germany. From 2007 to 2017 he
has been teaching space travelers how to
perform science on board the International
Space Station. In the frame of the human
exploration of space, his technical
experience covers systems, training (of
astronauts & ground personnel) and
operations (including real-time support to
the International Space Station).
20

INSTRUCTORS | LECTURERS | GUEST CRITICS
Dr. Advenit Makaya
Advanced Manufacturing Engineer | ESA
Advenit Makaya obtained, as a double
diploma, a Master degree in General
Engineering from Ecole Centrale de Lyon,
France and a Master degree in Materials
Processing from the Royal Institute of
Technology in Stockholm, Sweden. After
completing a PhD in Materials Processing
from the Royal Institute of Technology.
Advenit worked as a Postdoctoral
researcher at the National Institute of
Advanced Industrial Science and
Technology, in Nagoya, Japan, conducting
studies on advanced metallic materials.
He then gained industry experience, as a
Lifing Technologist for Rolls-Royce plc in
the U.K., performing structural analysis
and lifing assessments of critical parts for
large civil aircraft engines. He joined ESA
in 2014, conducting technology
development activities in the field of
Materials and Processes and providing
support to ESA missions.
David Nixon
Space Architect
David Nixon is an architect who has
worked in the space field since 1985. His
past projects include: design research and
development work on crew quarters for
the early Space station for NASA;
prototype crew equipment development
for NASA and Spacehab; masterplan for
10-year expansion for the Deep Space
Network for JPL; X-33 ground facilities
studies for McDonnell Douglas; ExoMars
rover testing laboratory design for ESA;
underground isolation laboratory design
for ESA and many more. In the mid-
2000s, he founded Astrocourier (Ireland)
Ltd., a company developing miniature
school experiments to support STEM
whose first product was space-tested in
2008 on an ESA Foton science mission
and zero-g parabolic flight. He is author of
the book‚ International Space Station –
Architecture Beyond Earth‘ published in
2016 by Circa Press.
Maria Antonietta Perino
Director International Network Opportunities
Development | Thales Alenia Space
Maria Antonietta holds a degree in
Nuclear Engineering at the Politecnico di
Torino. In 1988 she attended the first
Summer Session of the International
Space University (M.I.T., Boston, USA)
and then became a Faculty member. She
is currently member of the Academic
Council. Since 1986 she has been working
at Thales Alenia Space - Turin, as Program
Manager of major ESA and ASI activities.
In 2010 she was appointed Director for
Advanced Exploration Programs. Maria
Antonietta is involved in different activities
promoting the development of young
professionals in the space industry.She is
author of several publications, papers,
and reports, and Acta Astronautica
Co-Editor. She is a member of different
scientific committees, of the EuroScience
Open Forum (ESOF), and of Women in
Aerospace and she is President of Explore
Mars Europe.
21

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
22
Clemens Russ
Architect | querkraft
2005 - 2013:
architecture studies at tu wien
2009:
internship - kadawittfeld architektur,
aachen
delugan meissl associated architects,
vienna
2010:
co founder - unheilbar russ petöfi
architektur
since 2013:
project manager - querkraft architekten
Katja Schechtner
Advisor Innovation and Technology |
OECD/ITF & Research Fellow MIT
Katja Schechtner is a senior urban
scientist who holds a dual appointment
between MIT and OECD. Currently she
focuses on the future of algorithmic
governance. Previously she led the
transport technology program at the
Asian Development Bank; advised the
Inter-American Development Bank and
the EU Commission on Smart City
strategy and headed an applied research
lab for Mobility at the Austrian Institute of
Technology. Katja has published widely in
the US, Asia and Europe, including two
books: “Accountability Technologies –
Tools for Asking Hard Questions” and
“Inscribing a Square – Urban Data as
Public Space”. Her work has been
exhibited globally at venues such as
Venice Biennale, Cooper Hewitt, MAK
and ars electronica. She also holds a
Visiting Professorship at TU Vienna and
curates urban tech exhibitions across the
globe.
Gerhard Schwehm
Advanced Manufacturing Engineer | ESA
Gerhard Schwehm studied Physics,
Mathematics and Astronomy. He was a
project scientist and study scientist for
numerous ESA missions. He accompanied
the Rosetta and SMART 1 project as a
mission manager. As a co-investigator he
is involved in many dust experiments at
the MPI for nuclear physics. He was a
member of the Interagency Space Debris
Working Group, external member of the
NASA Planetary Protection Sub-Group
and the ESA Planetary Protection
Working Group. He is a member of the
International Academy of Astronautics
and the IAU named the Asteroid Schwehm
after him.

INSTRUCTORS | LECTURERS | GUEST CRITICS
David Wong
Architect | Starlight Architecture | Chair Emeritus
| AIAA Space Architecture Technical Committee
With over a decade of post-ARB
registered professional experience and a
proven record as a job runner, David has
worked on architectural projects with a
broad variety of scope and scale. David is
the former Chair of the Space Architecture
Technical Committee of the American
Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics
(AIAA), specialised in architectural design
and research for extraterrestrial
conditions. He is the Chief Editor for the
Space Architecture community
newsletter „the Orbit“, and has published
research papers related to Space
Architecture at IAC and AIAA conferences.
He is also part of the leadership team for
„SpaceArchitect.org“ and its associated
events.
23

HB2 | ENVISIONING THE MOON VILLAGE
THE
STUDENTS
Doris Binder (p.)
Aleksandra Brajic (p.)
Bojana Gojkovic (p.)
Alexander Brückler (p.)
Embrah Hamzic (p.)
Eva Maria Kaprinayova
Birk Stauber
Julia Vorraber
Kaitlyn Podwalski
Muhammed Sahil Adnan
Elian-Cornel Trinca
Sofia Ahr
Mykhailo Bula
Maria Ivanonva
Svetla Stoyanova
Julian Graf
Alma Kugic
Rudolf Walther Erdem Neumerkel
Miruna Vecerdi
Melinda Glinac
24

THE STUDENTS
25

HB2 | ENVISIONING THE MOON VILLAGE
Armin Ramovic
Gilles Schneider
Shkumbim Ajdari
Xhem Mujedini
Jonas Gündar
26

THE STUDENTS
27

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
PROJECT MAP
page 105
page 77
page 43
page 95
page 67
28

MARS SCIENCE CITY
page 139
page 123
page 55
page 31
page 115
page 87
29

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
30

MARS SCIENCE CITY
DUNE
a project by
Sahil Adnan | Kaitlyn Podwalski | Julia Vorraber
LOCATION
YEAR VISION
YEAR FIRST CREWED
MISSION
CREW MEMBERS
SPECIFIC
CHARACTERISTICS
Nili Patera
3065
2064
4 to 5 astronauts
Polyethylene shells
inspired by the Barchan
dunes
31

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
SUMMARY
DUNE is a concept that draws from animals living in the harshest
of environments such as the dessert. The concept aims to
take advantage of Mars’ harsh climate and sand storms. The
structure is designed to have a shallow pitched roof that is
faced windward to collect the dust and use it as natural defence
to the severe radiation. This helps limit the use of other
materials by advantageously using the surrounding environment
for its protection. Dune uses the natural forms found in
the surroundings in its design to seamlessly integrate into Mars.
DUNE attempts to integrate new technology and natural
ancient geometry using the regolith deposits and plastic designed
structure. The concept will attempt to minimize the eco
foot-print of humans on a raw and untouched planet, creating
something that does not disrupt the terrain or the environment
and is completely sustainable. It will use Polyethylene plastic
shells as the main building material. Polyethylene, the same
plastic commonly found in water bottles, also has potential to
shield radiation. It is very high in hydrogen and fairly cheap to
produce. Polyethylene will create thinner protection from radi-
32

kilometers
DUNE
0 3 6 12 18
Nili Paterae
8.9N, 67E
70km diameter
Elevation 100m
Barchan Dunes
LOCATION
ation, easier access to light and a thinner and faster structure.
It should be possible to manufacture high density polyethylene
polymers on Mars using carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
and hydrogen from water in the soil. With 3D printing technology
we will be able to build a structure that minimizes construction
and maximizes light and space. Dune can begin as a small
infrastructure or gradually grow to house an entire Martian city.
The concept relies heavily on the natural characteristics of
the Martian surface. Nili Patera Dune Field complements
our concept of imitating sand dunes and using the deposition
of Martian Regolith on top of our habitat as protection
from the Galactic Cosmic Rays and other radiation.
The location consists of Barchant Dunes that are found within a crater
in Nili Patera. The dunes lie on top of solidified lava beds which
indicate a location with rich minerals such as basalt rocks and molten
silver. The soil is also reliable for food production as impact glass
has been found beneath the surface. The location is also abundant
with water , about 4% in mass in the first meter of ground is water.
The Barchant Dunes are a result of one-directional wind due to
which sand accumulates and forms dunes. The Aerodynamic
shape of the dunes allows for wind to naturally flow and for
soil to deposit; this would be the core of our design concept.
33

BACK-UP
POWER SUPPLY
hybrid solar/wind system
POWER
SUPPLY
nuclear fission
reactors
POWER
SUPPLY
nuclear fission
reactors
(burried in crater for safety)
5km DISTANANCE FOR SAFETY
(in case of crash/explosion)
BACK-UP
POWER SUPPLY
hybrid solar/wind system
BACK-UP
POWER SUPPLY
hybrid solar/wind system
MECHANICAL/
STORAGE
BACK-UP
POWER SUPPLY
hybrid solar/wind system
POWER
SUPPLY
nuclear fission
reactors
POWER
SUPPLY
nuclear fission
reactors
BACK-UP
POWER SUPPLY
hybrid solar/wind system
BACK-UP
POWER SUPPLY
hybrid solar/wind system
BACK-UP
POWER SUPPLY
hybrid solar/wind system
BACK-UP
POWER SUPPLY
hybrid solar/wind system
POWER
SUPPLY
nuclear fission
reactors
HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
TIMELINE
1 DELIVERY AND LOCATING | 2050
The first mission will deliver cargo and a Rover to land on
Mars. While the general location will already be known,
the rovers’ task is to find the ideal spot within the area.
2 CARGO DEPLOYMENT | 2053-2065
Initial cargo components of the settlement have reached
their destination in landers. The two rovers take all components
to the settlement location, release the swarm team,
deploy external structures such as solar panels and radiators,
and prepare for the later arrival of the astronauts.
3 PRELIMINARY HABITAT | 2061
6 EXPANSION | 2085
Multiple Crew Expansions, several crews of astronauts have
now landed on Mars. They are received by their predecessors
who have completed the construction of the settlement.
As successive Mars atronauts and people arrive, the settlement
will grow in its capacity for scientific research, experiments,
and exploration of Mars, and eventual general living.
7 AUTONOMY | 2105
By this point the astronauts are almost autonomous of
earth and quickly fill the city to its full capacity. The expansion
continues to be built at maximum efficiency.
The swarm team, rovers and 3D printers begin to work
on the base of minimal configured habitat. The inflatable
is now set up and the shell is 3D printed.
LANDING
SITE
LANDING LANDING
SITE
SITE
4 CREW ARRIVAL | 2064
We are ready for the First Crew Arrival on Mars.
Later, cargo missions arrive, bringing additional
living units, life support units, and rovers and swarm.
5 SUBSEQUENT INFRASTRUCTURE | 2068
All further missions in the years after the arrival of the first
crew are to benefit infrastructure and to begin expansion.
The infrastructure for the second crew arrives and is installed
by the first crew. Multiple habitats and ECLSS modules
are now available to nominally sustain the first crew and
to complete pressurization of the two new living modules.
34

DUNE
NECESSARY
INFRASTRUCTURE
SPACE SHUTTLE :
Known Technology | SpaceX Starship
Diameter | 9 meters
Payload Capacity | 220k-330k lbs
CARGO :
Live astronauts
Folded solarpanels
Wind turbine parts
Prefab materials
Raw printing material
3D Printers
Space suits
Rovers
Sattelites
Launcher
Swarm tech robots
Food for extended time
Life suport system
Soil, Planters and Plants
Diggers and other constrcution
tools
Spare parts
Large transit vehicle
3D Printing and Swarm Tech
Autonomous artificial swarm robots will be used for their potential
for efficient search and rescue missions, construction
efforts, environmental remediation, and medical applications.
Lab additive printing can be limiting in terms of size, with the
current largest lab printer BAAM at 6100mm x 2290mm x
1830 mm.
However, printing technology in architecture is advancing
everyday. With project LASIMM (Large Additive Subtractive
Intergrated Modular Machine) by Foster and partners and
other firms we are able to develop massive scale projects
that break the restriction of a print isolated box and are allin-one
hybrid machines that enable the production of building
components straight from CAD files. These machines
feature robotic arms that are mobile and fast and enable
distanced construction on a massive scale.
Passenger Section
Passenger Section
regolith dust
regolith dust buildup
printed polyethylene shell
printed polye
top layer she
internal therm
overhead spa
work and ven
wall plastic s
internal thermal insulation layer
ceiling tiles
wall plastic scuff barrier
double glazed
glass with air
wall tiles
flooring tiles
CARGO Section
double glazed polyethylene
glass with air
flooring tiles
plastic scuff b
external insul
thermal blank
base polyethy
external weat
barrier
regolith ceme
internal scuff barrier
external insulation
thermal blanket layer
base polyethylene print
concrete foot
external weather sheet
barrier
corkscrew
foundation with corkscrew
footing
35

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
1 | Core Phase
The first phase would be life in the “core structure” which
is pre-fabricated in the form of a lander spacecraft. It
comprises of all elements of the spatial program and all
the essentials needed for survival. Furnishings and walls
that would be complex to achieve with robots along with
the HVAC and ECLSS systems arrive within this core.
2 |HABITAT PHASE
This stage would involve the expansion of the habitat
into the inflatable area. Robots would be deployed from
the core and they would start sintering regolith or another
suitable material to create the walls. Re-arrangement and
expansion of facilities is the main purpose of this stage.
3 | HOME PHASE
Transformation of the habitat into the occupants‘ home is
the main goal of this phase. Furnishings and the growth
of plants inside the greenhouse add to a more earth-like
environment. The crew is settled in and starts working
on the luxury elements of each area, that are not
essential for sustaining life but are vital to form a home.
36

DUNE
MINIMAL CONFIGURATION & EXPANSION
SINGLE MINIMAL
EXAPNSION AND CONNECTION MULTIPLE
37

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
SURVEILLANCE &
COMMUNICATION
MECHANICAL
ECLSS / HVAC
STORAGE &
EQUIPMENT
LABORATORY
GREENHOUSE
TOILET
GYM
SUITPORTS
RECREATIONAL
SPACE/ LEISURE
SECURITY CHECK
MEDICAL ROOM
OPEN GREENHOUSE
RECREATIONAL
SPACE/ LEISURE
HOME PHASE
KITCHEN
HABITAT PHASE
CORE PHASE
Plan Level 1
38

DUNE
PRIVACY
shared
semi-private
private
RECREATIONAL
SPACE/ LEISURE
BEDROOM
BATHROOM
ARTIFICIAL SKYLIGHT
REMOVABLE
WALL
HOME PHASE
HABITAT PHASE
CORE PHASE
Plan Level 2
39

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
ARTIFICIAL SKYLIGHT
GREENHOUSE
RECREATIONAL
SPACE/ LEISURE
SANITATION
LIVING POD
GYM
LABORATORY
AIRLOCK
AIRLOCK
HOME PHASE
ECLSS /HVAC TANK
HABITAT PHASE
CORE PHASE
Section A-A
ARTIFICIAL SKYLIGHT
GREENHOUSE
ARTIFICIAL SKYLIGHT
GREENHOUSE
RECREATIONAL
SPACE/ LEISURE
RECREATIONAL
SPACE/ LEISURE
BEDROOM
LIVING POD
STORAGE/
EQUIPMENT
STORAGE/
EQUIPMENT
GREENHOUSE
ECLSS / HVA TANK
ECLSS / HVAC
TANK
CORE PHASE
RECREATIONAL
SPACE/ LEISURE
RECREATIONAL
HOME PHASE
HABITAT PHASE
Section B-B
40

DUNE
ENVIRONMENTAL/WASTE FLOW DIAGRAM
Clean Water
Grey Water
Air Flow
ROVER EXTRACTED WATER
WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
HVAC / Thermal Control
Atmosphere Management
WATER PROCESSING SYSTEM
WATER STORAGE
41

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
42

MARS SCIENCE CITY
MOVING MARS
a project by
Armin Ramovic ´ | Gilles Schneider
LOCATION
YEAR VISION
YEAR FIRST CREWED
MISSION
CREW MEMBERS
SPECIFIC
CHARACTERISTICS
wherever needed
about a thousand years
from now
2056
six astronauts
bringing people together
and seeking for progress
to get us up to the stars
43

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
SUMMARY
OUR VISION
from galaxy to galaxy
we are seeking for the freedom of movement in outer
space. therefore, we see mars as a stop-over, where we
collect information so we can improve and develop the
technologies that we need to get to the point where
humanity can travel freely from galaxy to galaxy.
image description
44

MOVING MARS
LOCATION
M1 | travelling mode
M2 | moving mode
M3 | steady mode
INTRODUCING THE ROVER
mobility on mars
to reach our goal, we are providing a rover as
transportation to move people and cargo from one place
to another on mars.
with the possibility of attaching any kind of module to our
rover, the only limitation is your imagination. this makes
research on mars much easier with the possibility of
taking your lab with you on the road.
R1 | rover ready to move with foldables folded up (down left), wings closed front view (down right) and side view (up right)
45

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
MECHANICS
possibilities
M4 | operating on uneven ground
due to the rovers spherical shape it can respond quickly to changes in
direction.
the implementation of movable wings in every direction, such as being
able to turn up to 180 degrees, gives the rover the ability to roll, level
its height, find grid on uneven ground and even crawl if needed.
M5 | getting into steady position
orange wing shown in moving and
travelling mode,
red wing flipped around like used in
steady and crawling mode,
M6 | performing on rough terrain
gray parts adjusting
distance and controlling
suspension of the wings
between rover and ground.
M7 | finding grid to start exploring
W1 | mechanics of the rotating parts
46

MOVING MARS
R2 | two rovers on research mission
INSIDE THE ROVER
living and working
for longer missions, there are modules available to
attach to the rover, which provide enough space for
a micro living unit containing two beds, which can be
folded up to become a seating area with a dining table,
a small kitchen, some cupboards and a lavatory.
R3 | inside a living (left) and a laboratory (right) module
another module provides a laboratory equipped with
everything you need for small experiments on the road.
47

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEM
fuel cells
energy capacity for two days running time
in moving mode (modules attached),
about four days in travelling mode.
additional energy needed during e.g. a month long
research mission, solar panels unfold in steady mode and
charge fuel cells.
autonomous driving
rover uses newest technologies like autonomous driving,
therefore humans will not be in charge of steering the
rover.
this results in the possibility of letting the rover do cargo
missions on its own, without human presence.
S1 | rover is getting ready to attach to
the martian habitat
S2 | adjusting height, opening up wings
and deploying modules
S3 | receiving or delivering cargo from
or to the habitat
48

MOVING MARS
S4 | travelling from one city to the
other with cargo
S5 | getting into steady position and
unfolding solar panels
S6 | space walk to collect samples for
research
S7 | scanning and interacting with the
martian soil
F1 | hopping of the rover to take a break
ROVER SCENARIOS
usability of the rover
S8 | operating on uneven ground
by adjusting arm lengths of the
rovers wings
after a long day of travelling around on mars it is time to take a break at
a villages‘ service station along one of the many crossroads connecting
the various occuring cities in order to charge the rovers fuel cells and to
fill the travellers‘ bellies.
49

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
50

MOVING MARS
THE VILLAGE
masterplan
2
the village core expands itself by time in a circular
shape. the power facilities, as well as the landing
site, sit further away from the village center in
order to keep its security distance to the fragile
instruments and structures.
connecting the habitat
the habitat consists of multiple inflatable
structures, connected with an airlock among
each other. most inflatables have bigger docking
stations for the rovers integrated in their shell.
3
1
V1 | masterplan
1
2
3
landing site
power facilities
village
primary structures of the village
secondary structures, add-ons, ...
connecting paths between different sites
V2 | sample village
51

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
TIMETABLE
connecting mars
C1 | connecting martian cities
step by step, more and more space agencies
will arrive on mars and will start building up their
community. since we depend as much on them,
as they rely on us, we need to lean on their time
schedule and start setting up a transporation mean
as soon as they start growing a livable city for a
various number of people.
that is when we come in. looking at the dates set
from our companions we will start 2056 with our
first villages and crossroads mostly on the west
side of mars, slowly connecting the eastern and
middle parts until we have a connected martian
surface by 2120.
P1 | adventum – r. neumerkel, m. vecerdi
P2 | ice age – a. brückler, e. hamzic
52

MOVING MARS
moving mars
with the first villages set up, the
carriage of humans and goods can
start. our service will provide an
increase in freedom of mobility and
contribute to the advancement
of research in space and thus the
progress of humanity.
T1 | timeplan
P3 | apoika – j. gündar
P4 | terra mars – m. bula, m. ivanova, s. stoyanova
53

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
54

MARS SCIENCE CITY
TERRA MARS
a project by
Maria Ivanova | Svetla Stoyanova | Mykhailo Bula
LOCATION
YEAR VISION
YEAR FIRST CREWED
MISSION
CREW MEMBERS
SPECIFIC
CHARACTERISTICS
Gale Crater
2130
2034
5
3D printed shell around
inflatable vessel
55

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
SUMMARY
The main objective is to establish a human habitat on Mars
as a permanent base for a small group of scientists, with the
possibility to expand over time and undertake the role of a
second home for the human species. The harsh Martian
enviroment with extremely low temperatures, frequent
dust storms and unbreathable air has challenged us to look
for tested practices and innovations, which will yield the
optimal solutions.
Our priority is to provide a healthy and safe environment
for the crew and to support their sustained productivity.
One of the main topics for us is the provision of natural
light, because it is an essential factor in maintaining mental
health. Apart from that, the protection of the natural
martian enviroment is key.
Using a hybrid structure, consisting of an inflatable vessel
brought from Earth and implementing in-situ resources to
build a protective shell, we aim to offer a smart, fitting and
unique design.
LOCATION
The Gale Crater is a well known location with quite familiar
terrain, thanks to the Curiosity Rover mission. It has access
to a variety of topographies and its close proximity to the
Equator has benefits, such as higher daily temperatures
and more direct sunlight per year.
As safety is an important topic, we chose the large flat
area on the edge of the crater as the initial site. The highly
predictable flat plain is a safe area for launching and landing
and also offers a diverse view of the landscape, as well as
architectural flexibility.
Gale Crater location
TIMELINE
STAGE I STAGE II STAGE III
preparation
initial base expansion 1
year
population
2030 2034 2040 2070
0 5 50
56

TERRA MARS
100%
~60%
~40%
~20%
0%
Natural light
Vegetation
Radiation protection
100%
STAGE IV
STAGE V
~60%
~40%
?
~20%
0%
expansion 2 expansion 3 possibilities
100%
in the future
2100
~60%
2130
~40%
300 1000 1000+
~20%
0%
57

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
STORYBOARD STAGES I-II
1 2
After careful consideration the Gale crater area is choosen as the
location for the first martian habitat. The terrain is quite familiar
thanks to the Curiosity rover mission, which makes it a relatively
safe place to land.
The first rocket lands and brings robots with the purpose to build a
shelter for the upcoming human mission.
After arriving on site, the excavating robot digs a hole, where the
underground part of the base is placed. After that, the vessel is
inflated and the two airlocks are added. Now the 3d printing robot
can begin building the shell around it.
While one robot is printing, the other sets up the solar panels, so the
base can be powered.
3 4
Two years later, the second rocket arrives and brings the greenhouse
along with a rover. The greenhouse is set and the robots start
growing food for the future inhabitants.
Meanwhile the shell is ready and final preperations are underway,
such as setting up all life support and energy production.
It is time for the first humans to arrive and history to be written. As
everything is ready for them, thanks to the robots, the crew of five
can now start scouting the area and developing their new home.
It won’t be long until more humans arrive, so the crew has a lot to do
by then, but they also take time to enjoy the view :)
year
population
58
2030 2034 2040
0 5

TERRA MARS
STAGES III-V
51 62
As more people arrive, the settlement expands. People continue
As more people arrive, the settlement expands. People continue
The
The
new
new
structures
structures
start
start
to
to
change
change
their
their
function
function and
and
become
become
developing the greenhouses, as well as set additional buildings,
developing the greenhouses, as well as set additional buildings,
common
common
areas.
areas.
More
More
domes
domes
and
and
regolith
regolith
modules
modules
are
are added
added
as
as
the
the
which will temporarily serve as habitation quarters.
which will temporarily serve as habitation quarters.
population
population
grows,
grows,
each
each
bringing
bringing
specific
specific
functions
functions and
and
characteristics
characteristics
New structures are built around the initial base and pressurized
New structures are built around the initial base and pressurized
of
of
a developing
developing
city.
city.
tunnels are used for connections.
tunnels are used for connections.
The
The
settlement
settlement
will
will
produce
produce
it’s
it’s
own
own
water,
water,
food
food
and
and
air,
air, but
but
will
will
still
still
receive
receive
imports
imports
from
from
Earth
Earth
every
every
26
26
months,
months,
needed
needed
for
for
its
its
development
development
and
and
comfort
comfort
for
for
the
the
citizens.
citizens.
73 84
Years later the settlement starts to to look like a a real city. The third and
last significant expansion forms a a city with its its own government.
Industrial manufacturing keeps growing, as as does food production.
The goal of of complete self-sustainability is is closer then ever.
One of of the further possibilities, if if technology allows, could be to
cover the whole city with a glass dome, providing a safe environment
and allowing people free movement within city limits.
More cities will rise further in the future, but this one will remain
humanity’s first significant step on on Mars.
year
2040 2040 2070 2070 2100 2100 2130 2130
population
50 50 300 300 1000 1000 1000+ 1000+
59

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
MISSION PLANNING STAGES I-II
The first two missions will be robotic-only and will prepare
the base for the first humans. We will use the SpaceX
rocket - Starship, as it is big enough to fit the necessary
cargo. The first one will launch in 2030 and will transport
the habitat over in two parts - the inflatable vessel, which
will be put above ground and the underground unit. A 3D
printer, an excavation robot and a construction robot will
be brought to build the base and make everything ready for
the humans.
The second mission will bring the greenhouse and a rover.
Energy will be needed for the base to properly function, and
will be generated from solar panels and a nuclear reactor.
The harsh Martian enviroment will be a true challenge for
humans, therefore it is important for them to have all life
support ready when they arrive.
With the third rocket, a crew of five people will arrive. They
will bring an antenna for communication with Earth and
additional supplies for their survival on Mars. The robots
should already be finished with their job, so the humans
can start researching Mars and developing their new home
there.
Starship (Space X)
Height: 50 m
Payload diameter: 9 m
Payload capacity: 100+ t
SITE PLAN
Airlock 2
Solar panels
Greenhouse
Airlock 1
Rover
Initial base
Antenna
Kilopower nuclear
reactors
0 10 20 30 40 50 m
Landing zone
(distance: 3 km)
For safety reasons the base will be
3km away from the landing zone.
It will have two airlocks - one to
connect to the greenhouse and one
for the rover. The solar panels and
the nuclear reactors will be at a safe
distance, but at the same time close
enogh for maintenance. An antenna
will be nearby, so the crew can have
a connection with Earth. Because
the base is located on a flat plane
area, future habitat development can
expand in every direction and use the
space in the most advantageous way.
60

Assignments:
- preparing the inflatable
- searching for underground ice
- setting up a power source
- start printing the shell
Cargo:
TERRA MARS
2030
first robot
mission
3d printer excavator construction
and maintance
Assignments:
- collecting water
- prepering the life support
- ISRU
- making oxygen
- setting up the base
Cargo:
inflatable habitat
underground
habitat unit
solar panels
2032
second robot
mission
STAGE I
greenhouse rover moxie
nuclear reactor
Assignments:
- research
- ISRU
- fuel production
- base expanding and
developement
Cargo:
crew antenna supplies
2034
first human
mission
STAGE II
61

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
PROJECT FOCUS
Sunrays coming through the skylight will carry light all the
way to the underground level. The shells openings allow
reflected daylight to penetrate into the upper levels.
The 3D-printed shell made from regolith will shield the inside
from radiation. The water-filled skylight will be used as extra
protection. The underground level is completly safe, and will
also serve as shelter in case of solar particle events.
Apart from the greenhouse, plants will also grow in the
atrium, allowing the crew to experience nature on every
level. The garden on the upper level will connect to the
recreation zone. Plants can reduce stress and relax the
inhabitants, while they also produce some of the nutrition
for them.
O 2
As natural light is insufficient,
additional artificial light will be
needed. LED lighting is the
most energy-efficient option.
As natural light is insufficient,
additional artificial
light will be needed. LED
lightning is the most energy-efficient
option.
CO 2
The water vapor from the
plants transpiration could
be later turned into clean
water.
The water vapor from the
plants transpiration could
be later tuned into clean
water.
Grey water from sinks
and showers can be
used to water the
plants as part of the
zero waste concept.
Grey water from Gymsinks and
showers can be used to
water the plants as part of
the zero waste concept.
Working
100
Martian regolith, combined
with the addition of the
necessary nutrients will
serve as soil for plants.
Command
center
Systems
WC
Recycling inedible biomass
Recreation
from plants and human
waste will help to provide
plants with water and fertilizers.
80 30 250 30 258
Possible plants (grown in space):
- brassica rapa
Medical unit
- tulips
- flax
- dill
- cucumbers
- cinnamon basil
- sunflower
- zinnia elegans
Recycling inedible
biomass from plants
and human waste
will help provide
plants with water
and fertilizers.
Martian regolith combined
with the addition of the
necessary nutrients will
serve as soil for plants.
200 10 120
62
Section B-B
0 5
10 m

TERRA MARS
recreation
+1 level
gym
vertical
garden
workshop
garden
work/lab
vertical
garden
ground level
to rover
sanitary
to greenhouse
medical/
bio lab
kitchen/
dining
sanitary
-1 level
private
vertical
garden
circulation
visual connection
direct connection
63

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
B
±0.00
+0.90
A
Primary airlock
Working
EVA
prep.room
Stowage
Command
center
Stowage
Medical unit
Kitchen
Food stowage
Emergency
clap-bed
Dining
3D printed shell
Aerogel
0 5
10 m
B
Reflective Surface
64

TERRA MARS
LAYOUT
The ground floor will connect to the two airlocks. The
medical unit is close to the rover entrance, in case of an
injured crew member entering from outside. The kitchen is
close to the greenhouse and both have abundant storage
space for food and supplies. The working area is also on the
same floor.
The upper level consists of a gym and a small garden with
an adjacent recreation area. The crew members will have
the opportunity to go there to relax, read a book or even
watch a movie.
The private rooms are on the underground level. They are
completely protected from radiation and could also serve as
a shelter in case of a solar particle event. Despite the limited
space, the rooms are cosy, equipped with large beds, desks
and a small wardrobe for each person. In addition, this floor
holds a small storage space and a hygiene unit.
A
Stowage
DAYLIGHT CONCEPT
Secondary
airlock
As plants need sunlight to photosynthesise and grow,
humans need sunlight in order to thrive and be happy.
Natural light causes our bodies to release adequate levels
of serotonin and vitamin D – the key ingredients needed
to regulate our mood, to maintain a healthy appetite, to
sleep properly and even remember things better. In order
to increase the comfort of the crew, we chose a specific
3D shell design, that allows for penetration of natural light,
while offering protection from radiation at the same time. As
an additional advantage, the reduction of artificial lighting
will result in energy savings and provide more economical
circulation of the self sustainng system.
65

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
66

MARS SCIENCE CITY
AB-ORIGO
a project by
Julian Graf | Alma Kugic
LOCATION
YEAR VISION
YEAR FIRST CREWED
MISSION
CREW MEMBERS
SPECIFIC
CHARACTERISTICS
Melas Chasma
2120
2030
6
3D-printed in-situ
fluid interior space
67

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
SUMMARY
Architecture on Earth plays a critical role in the
way we live, but the conditions on Mars are
unlike anything on Earth (high radiation, thin
atmosphere, seasonal dust storms, etc.). With
these challenges, building on Mars reaches
a higher level of importance, since buildings
are like machines that keep humans alive and
well. Planning in advance and developing a
sustainable process that minimizes energy,
space and resource consumption is therefore
of great importance.
The main idea of the project is to build a selfsustainable
habitat, which eventually developes
into a city. Ab-Origo (lat. from the beginning)
is 3D-printed in-situ and robotically assembled.
Structures are thought to be resilient and interior
layouts tuned to mission demands and mental
health of the crew.
S
C
O
U
T
I
N
G
2022: scouting for a suitable
piece of land and resources
pop.: 0
I
N
H
A
B
I
T
I
N
G
2030: starting life in the temporary habitat and starting
the production of sustainable nurishment and power
pop.: 6
1
2
3
TIMELINE
pop. = population
N
E
S
T
I
N
G
2026: sending a ship with basic structures
that allow humans to live on Mars temporarily
and starting to build a habitat
pop.: 0
68

AB-ORIGO
LOCATION
The project will be built in the southwestern Melas Basin, which is part
of the vast Melas Chasma, the largest valley on Mars. This location has
been referred to by experts many times as being one of the landing spots
best suited for the first human mission to Mars, most recently in NASA‘s
„Landing Site for Mars Rover Mission“ workshop in 2020. Not only is
it one of the locations with the highest natural air pressure on Mars,
but there are also many regions of interest containing various resources
closeby.
Melas Chasma
many regions of
interest
high natural air
pressure
probability of
underground ice
high range of
diverse terrain
4
E
X
P
A
N
D
I
N
G
2040: expanding the settlement with additional living quarters,
labs, greenhouses and power supplies
pop.: 50
C
U
L
M
I
N
A
T
I
N
G
5
2120: connecting multiple structures to
start the formation of a Mars city
pop.: 150 +
6
C
R
E
A
T
E
L
I
F
E
69

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
CREATING A HOME
Whatever a future Mars society may look like, people will
spend most of their time indoors. In order for the crew
to stay mentally stable over a long period of time it is of
tremendous importance to not feel trapped in a confined
space. That‘s why one of the main design principles was to
create a fluid spatial programm with spaces as open and
connected as possbile. The habitats‘ functional areas are
separated by different levels rather than walls. An open
space encourages crew communication and contributes
to good mental health.
The rooms are arranged in a certain spatial hierarchy, with
the most private rooms being placed at the end of the
spatial chain and the more common spaces simultaneously
functioning as hallways. This way, no valuable space is
wasted and necessary havens of privacy are created.
1 2 3 4 5
landing the prefabricated
airlocks and
preparing the site
constructing a
framework
3D-printing the
interior by making
use of the framework
as track
covering the
construction
printing a cover of
martian regolith
around the habitat
70

AB-ORIGO
inherent
stability
aerodynamic
covered by
3D-printing
buildable
without humans
fluid room
programm
visual links
between
different levels
logical space
hierarchie
configuration
according to
radiation
71

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
FUNCTIONAL SPACE
Sleeping quarters are diverse in shape and offer a variety of
living spaces. If necessary, the wall between quarters 1 and
2 can be removed, and the room can be used by a couple.
To convey a certain feeling of privacy, the underground floor
is divided on two levels, where the center serves as a small
common space, with sleeping quarters and a bathroom
surrounding it.
stairs upwards, are situated right next to the entrance. The
dining space is placed in the center of the habitat, close
to the kitchen and the passage to the greenhouse. The
recreational area, mostly used for fitness and relaxing, is
divided by a patrician wall that serves as a ladder to reach
another rather quiet area; the gallery.
The entrance level serves as a distribution space for
working and non-working areas. The working areas, the
laboratory and the communications area, accessible via
section
72

AB-ORIGO
floor plan -1
suitport
rover
floor plan 0
73

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
light
light
gastro
light
gastro
structure starting to grow
around habitat
structure forms city
vertically
closes on top to form an
artificial atmosphere
74

AB-ORIGO
FORMING A CITY
In his famous concept „Ville Spatiale“ Yona Friedman
proposed a grid-like megastructure to be placed over
the existing structures and thus forming a new habitable
space. The projects‘ expansion concept works similarly:
The starting base expands over time by adding further
habitats with additional functions like greenhouses, a
seperate gym, larger laboratories, etc. Then, a habitable
regolith megastructure slowly starts growing around
the village, forming a vertical city on its way. In the last
step, the megastructure closes on top to form an artificial
atmosphere, englufing the village and forming the Mars
Science City.
radar
3 km 3 km
landing site
Weak points are intentionally added in the 3D-printing
process of the initial habitats‘ interior structure, supported
by the outer grid. This way the inside can be reconfigurated
later on to host new functions as part of the city.
power reactor
image description
75

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
76

MARS SCIENCE CITY
PROTOCITY
a project by
Binder Doris | Brajic Aleksandra | Gojkovic Bojana
LOCATION
YEAR VISION
YEAR FIRST CREWED
MISSION
CREW MEMBERS
SPECIFIC
CHARACTERISTICS
BONESTELL CRATER
2120
2034
8
SMART SHELL
BIODIVERSITY
QUALITY OF LIFE
77

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
SUMMARY
Proto City, the first city on Mars, stands for one of the
greatest human achievements. It all started with the first
robotic mission and construction of the first unit, the Proto
Cell, which housed only eight astronauts. As time went on
and technology progressed at fast pace, the cell grew and
expanded until it reached the size of a city. At this time,
high-tech materials make it possible to use a transparent
shell to allow light in.
The positioning provides constant sunlight during the day,
and the wavy surface redirects wind. A central location
of the nuclear powerplants ensures consistent distance
of 16 km between the reactors and the growing city. The
Launching-Landing Site is located at a safe distance of 5
km. A large number of craters in the area raise the possibility
of expansion.
The wave-like shape has its origin in the first regolith
shell created in 2034. Slightly rounded, almost dome-like,
it grew in numbers, and through the variation in size and
shape a rhythm was created: waves running and spilling
over the craters‘ rim. The barriers between separate units
disappeared, and a large sealed shell emerged that can
house people, animals, homes, buildings, and nature.
Diameter 40.67 KM
Center Latitude 42 °
Center Longitude 329.61 °
BONESTELL CRATER
Northernmost Latitude 42.34 °
Southernmost Latitude 41.66 °
Easternmost Longitude330.08 °
Westernmost Longitude 329.15 °
Mastersection through Time and ProtoCity Evolution including Population size, Sun and Wind study and given conditions
78

PROTOCITY
LOCATION
The first and most important step is to find a location that can help
overcome our challenges: materials for construction, water to sustain
humans and plants, and good soil to grow food on.
The site is located in the Northern Hemisphere which indicates milder
climate and higher minimum solar incidence than the southern
hemisphere. Thorium, Silicon, Iron and Potassium are found in medium
to high quantities. Thorium is used for the production of nuclear
energy, Silicon is used in building materials such as glass, cement,
aerogel, and Iron as a building material with high versatility.
High Thermal Inertia, low Dust Index and low Elevation indicate that
the soil can retain heat for longer periods. The flat, smooth, and hard
ground is desirable for landing and construction, and the accumulation
of dust is low. Higher gravity and atmospheric pressure act as a thermal
shield and protection against radiation and micrometeoroids. Water
is located at a depth of > 0.8 m. The Map from the University and
Research at Wageningen shows that the selected site has excellent
soil for plant cultivation.
Masterplan - Building Location Bonestell Crater
79

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
1ST HOME
The most important characteristic of the first unit is the
outer green belt. It acts as an exercise track, a source of
food, noise barrier and a place to relax. It divides quiet
private quarters from the noisier common and working
areas. The central glazed domed part hosts the socializing
areas and the radio and communication platform as well as
a stargazing net hammock. In the initial expansion mode,
the separate homes would be connected by linking of green
belts through similar green corridors.
rocket/kitchen
labs/
engineering
connection/
sport/
food production
bath/toilet
medical
sleeping
quarters
relaxation
Floorplan 1st Home
80

radio and
communication center
PROTOCITY
Floorplan 1st Home top floor
stargazing net
hammock
inflatable
outer environmental layer
structural seams
MMOD shielding
kevlar restraint layer
redundant bladder
atm pressure restraint layer
fire and internal protection
internal scuff layer
FIXED ROCKET
PART
air circulation /MOXIE
water pipes /
energy supply
storage /
water tanks
Section through 1st Home
81

82

MATERIALS
The ProtoCity is the first city on Mars, and as such it will
become the blueprint for any future cities on the planet. By
designing in such a complex environment we face certain
issues. The three most important issues are: Radiation,
Atmosphere and Quality of Life. To solve the problem of
radiation we devised a Smart Shell System. Each panel of
the shell is a cell. These smart cells are layered, and each
layer has a certain function. They would not only provide
protection from the harmful radiation, but also create a
pressurized environment, giving people and plants the
necessary light to survive.
Smart Shell Principle
To ensure daily fresh supply of oxygen we would, to some
extent, rely on systems like MOXIE, but our main supply
would come from plants and bacteria imported from Earth.
So, it is important to ensure biodiversity inside the colony. It
starts with laboratory testing in the first unit, on a search for
the right combination of soil and seed. As the plants grow,
some are used as food and others are used as fertilizer.
83

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
EXPANSION CONCEPT
2034 2120
84

THE VISION
Open space represents the freedom to move and socialize,
the right to private space, possibility of families, expression
of purpose through work and contribution to society. It
starts with the green belt that connects different functions
and grows on to become a large open space with many
possibilities.
Final objective: open space, biodiversity and quality of life expressed through freedom of movement and open possibilities
85

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
86 6
SEducationalVersion

MARS SCIENCE CITY
DUNE HARANAE HARENAE
a project by
Sofia SoAhr | Elian Trinca
LOCATION
YEAR VISION
YEAR FIRST CREWED
MISSION
CREW MEMBERS
SPECIFIC
CHARACTERISTICS
Lava tube in Hellas Planitia
2065
2972 2072
12
Modularity Protection
Adaptive Spaces
87
SEducationalVersion

ISRU PRODUCTION UNIT POWER GENERATOR TORUS INFLATABLE ROBOTS
SPHERICAL INFLATABLE
AIRLOCK
CREW SUPPLIES PRESSURIZED ROVERS
HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
SUMMARY
Our habitat is made of an in
Our Earth habitat with is a made 3D printed of an inflatable regolith shield brought on from top Earth of it, with
a which 3D printed resembles regolith a sand shield dune. on top of it, which resembles a
sand dune.
MODULARITY
MODULARITY
Every dune can function separately and be put
Every dune can function seperately and be put together in
together in a di l s
a different way, allowing for endless possibilites of design
and possibilities
neighborhoods. of design
The structure and neighborhoods.
can be multiplied The
and
expanded structure can unlimitedly. be multiplied The regolith and expanded dune can unlimitedly. also be used as
a The level regolith for transportation dune can also and martian be used vehicles.
as a level for
transportation for man and martian vehicles.
PROTECTION
The PROTECTION 3D-printed regolith shield above the inflatables provide
extra The 3D-printed protection regolith from radiation, shield above micrometeorites the in and from
eventual provide debris extra falling protection from the lava from tube.
radiation,
micrometeorites and from eventual debris falling from
ADAPTIVE the lava tube. SPACES
The Martian base is flexible and adaptable. Inside the
structure, the concept of a rail-based racking system is
ADAPTIVE SPACES
implemented which enables the environment to reconfigure
accoring The Martian
to spatial base is
needs.
structure, the concept of a rail-based racking system
is implemented which enables the environment to
reconce
Visualizations
PHASE 1
PHASE 2
ROBOTS
2065
FIRST INFLATABLE
2070
DUNE
2072
YEAR
POPULATION
bringmachines and supplies from earth
0
CONSTRUCTION
0
HABITAT
12
HABITAT
Timeline
88
SEducationalVersion

DUNE HARENAE
LOCATION
The structure is located in one of Hellas Planitia lava
The tubes. structure Hellas Planitia is located is in a vast one of plain Hellas within Planitia a circular lava
tubes. impact Hellas basin, Planitia located is on a the vast southern plain within hemisphere. a circular
impact basin, located on the southern hemisphere.
LANDING - Its
LANDING - Its flat surface makes it ideal for landing
WATER - There are glaciers of water ice lying
WATER - There are glaciers of water ice lying
beneath beneath
the the
surface, surface,
making making
it it
one one
of of
the the
„wettest“
„wettest“
places of of Mars. Mars. Also, Also, the the atmospheric atmospheric pressure pressure is
is
situated above the the triple triple point point of of water, water, suggesting
suggesting
that the liquid phase of water could be present under
certain conditions of of temperature, pressure, pressure, and
and
dissolved salt content.
RADIATION - Because the basin is is 7km 7km deep, deep, 50%
50%
less radiation reaches the the basin basin floor o than it would at a
higher elevation elevation regions regions of Mars. of Mars.
PROTECTION - Lava tubes southwest to Hadriacus
PROTECTION Lava tubes southwest to Hadriacus
Mons could reduce the radiation exposure down to
61.64 Mons
usv/ could
day reduce
while also the radiation
providing exposure
extra protection
down to
from 61.64 regolith’s usv/ day perchlorates, while also providing extreme temperature
extra protection
fluctuations from regolith’s and from perchlorates, micrometeorites.
extreme temperature
-36.961°87.841°E - - Candidate lava tube in in Hellas Planitia
COMPLEX OF DUNES
2085
100
VILLAGE
bring nothing
89
SEducationalVersion

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
DUNE CONCEPT
LAVA TUBE
CHIMNEY
EFFECT
ACCUMULATION
OF SAND
CAVE BREATHING
DUNE
LAVA TUBE
ENTRANCE
SAND
An aerodynamic shape (the DUNE) aims to minimize the creation of turbulences by flattening the architectural shape
thus An aerodynamic reducing shape obstacles (the DUNE) that influence aims to minimize the wind the creation flow. The of turbulences sand would by flow t upstream and into the „cave breathing“ system
in and out of the lava tube.
s a
STORYBOARD
Phase PHASE 1
In 2065, robots are sent to Mars
In 2065, robots are sent to Mars to explore
to explore the candidate lava
the candidate lava tubes to establish which
tubes to establish which one is
one is the most a e
the most suitable for a habitat.
robots measure and collet samples of air
The robots measure and collect
and materials.
samples of air and materials.
In 2070, a spacecraft containing
In 2070, a spacecra containing robots,
robots, airlocks, inflatables, a
airlocks, inflatables, a power generator and
power generator and an ISRU
an ISRU production unit is sent to Mars.
production unit is sent to Mars.
PHASE Phase 2
Modular robotic swarm strategy:
e intelligence autonomous robots we want to use
the are robots inspired by have HASSELL's interchangeable
design. It adopts a
modular robotic swarm strategy which will enhance
rovers success. and e robots 3D have printing interchangeable units. roles They from
will
battery
transport
storage to scout
the
rovers
pieces
and 3D printing
from
units.
the
ey will transport the pieces from the spacecra to
spacecraft to the site.
the site.
roles from battery storage to scout
Inside the canditate lava tube, the
prefabricated inflatables are deplo-
Inside the canditate lava tube, the
prefabricated inflatables are deployed.
yed. Their geometry will mediate
eir geometry will medicate the pressure
the pressure differences while
di erences while optimizing interior space.
optimizing interior space.
The robots will 3D-print a
e robots will 3D-print a protective
protective regolith shield above
regolith shield above the inflatables, which
the inflatables, which will provide
will provide extra radiation and
micrometeorite shielding to the habitat.
extra radiation and micrometeorite
shielding to the habitat.
In 2072, once the habitat is ready,
In 2072, once the habitat is ready, a group
a group of 12 austronauts is sent
of 12 austronauts is sent to Mars.
to Mars.
The astronauts conduct experiments
that could not be made
e astronauts make experiments that
could not be made at distance. ey also
from a distance. They also adjust
adjust their habitat to their their habitat to their needs.
The first habitat is composed
e first habitat is composed of a central
of a central spherical inflatable,
sperical inflatable, surrounded by two halftorus
surrounded by two halftorus
inflatables.
inflatables.
90
SEducationalVersion

DUNE HARENAE
DEPLOYMENT
1 - INFLATABLE
INFLATED
ADJOINED
UNFOLDED
PULLED OUT
2 - DUNE
3D PRINTING
LAYER BY LAYER
AERODYNAMIC FORM FORMS NATURAL LANDSCAPE SELF CONTAINING
STRUCTURE
LAYER BY LAYER 3D PRINTED AERODYNAMIC FORM
FORMS NATURAL LANDSCAPE SELF CONTAINING STRUCTURE
3 - MODULARITY
DUNE NEIGHBORHOOD VILLAGE COMPLEX OF DUNES
91
SEducationalVersion

120
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
120
15,00 %
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
120
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
15,00 %
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
FITNESS
STORAGE
+3,00
STORAGE
STORAGE
FITNESS
+3,00
STORAGE
+3,00
STORAGE
FITNESS
15,00 %
15,00 %
FITNESS
+3,00
1
2
FITNESS
15,00 %
15,00 %
FITNESS
1
2
FITNESS
FITNESS
0 %
15,00
0 +1
HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
LABORATORY
SUPPORT SYSTEMS
3D PRINTING STATION
FLOOR PLANS
INFLATABLE
PANTRY
INSTALLATIONS
ADAPTIVE SPACES
FLOOR PLANS
RECONFIGURE ACCORDING TO NEEDS
SUITLOCK
AIRLOCK
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
15,00 %
GREENHOUSE
0 +1
SUPPORT SYSTEMS
3D PRINTING STATION
RAIL BASED
RACKING SYSTEM
0 +1
INFLATABLE
ADAPTIVE SPACES
RECONFIGURE ACCORDING TO NEEDS
RAIL BASED
RACKING SYSTEM
ADAPTIVE SPACES
RECONFIGURE ACCORDING TO NEEDS
INFLATABLE
PANTRY
INSTALLATIONS
PANTRY
INSTALLATIONS
SUPPORT SYSTEMS
LABORATORY
LABORATORY
3D PRINTING STATION
GREENHOUSE
GREENHOUSE
OBSERVATION DECK
OBSERVATION DECK
OBSERVATION DECK
FITNESS
+3,00
+3,00
FITNES
GREENH
SUITLOCK
STORAGE
RAIL BASED
RACKING SYSTEM
AIRLOCK
STORAGE
STORAGE
STORAGE
15,00 %
GREENHOUSE
SUITLOCK
STORAGE
LOUNGE
MIXED REALITY AIRLOCK
STORAGE
15,00 %
GREENHOUSE
MIXED REALITY
STORAGE
LOUNGE
15,00 %
"OPEN AIR" CINEMA
VIA PROJECTIONS ON THE CEILING
MIXED REALITY
FITNES
"OPEN AIR" CINEMA
VIA PROJECTIONS ON THE CEILING
RACETRACK
0 7 0 5 24 m
0 5 RACETRACK
24 m
ADAPTIVE SPACES
0 5 24 m
0 5 24 m
0 7 0 5 24 m
0 7 0 5
ADAPTIVE SPACES
ADAPTIVE SPACES
SLEEPING BOX
SUITPORTS
SUITPORTS
SAMPLE EXCHANGE
GLOVEBOX
SAMPLE EXCHANGE
GLOVEBOX
SUITPORTS
MEDICAL BAY
MEDICAL BAY
CUSTOMIZABLE
SAMPLE EXCHANGE
GLOVEBOX
TABLE CONFIGURATIONS
CUSTOMIZABLE
TABLE CONFIGURATIONS
SUPPORT SYSTEMS
SLEEPING BOX
SUPPORT SYSTEMS
±0,00
±0,00
MEDICAL BAY
CUSTOM
TABL
SLEEPING BOX
92
WORKSTATION
WORKSTATION
PULL-OUT
PULL-OUT SHOWER
SHOWER
±0,00
3D PRINTING STATION
3D PRINTING STATION

is falling from the lava tube.
DUNE HARENAE
pe
mal
ES
Co2
Food
Aquaponic
Vegetation
Aeroponic
Rocket
propellant
CH4
Rocket
propellant
CO
Power generated by Kilopower design, Solar panels,
Radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs),
Geothermal energy. Life support system with the possibility
to recycle and manufacture plastic for inflatables on-site.
Recycle
Grey water
O2
Climate
the
for
Transparent
plastic
In
Polyethylene
Ties/furniture/
insulation
Chemical
reactor
Electrolysis
H2
PROTECTION - A regolith shield (the DUNE) is 3D-printed
above the inflatables to provide extra protection from
radiation, micrometeorites and from eventual debris falling
from lava tubes.
LAVA TUBE
martian atmosphere
1.25 x 105 μSv/year
(~342.46 μSv/day)
in Hellas Planitia
PANTRY
GREENHOUSE
DUNE
STORAGE
lava tube
radiation decreases by
an average of 82%
according to experiments
measured at five terrestrial lava
tubes
dune
radiation decreases by
an average of 37%
inflatable
radiation decreases by
an average of 44%
INFLATABLE
~20 μSv/day
inside the in
93

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
94

MARS SCIENCE CITY
LIGHTHOUSE
a project by
Eva Maria Kaprinayova | Birk Stauber
LOCATION
YEAR VISION
YEAR FIRST CREWED
MISSION
CREW MEMBERS
SPECIFIC
CHARACTERISTICS
Arsia Mons. Jeanne Cave
2107
2052
6
redirection of daylight
95

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
SUMMARY
Our main idea in bringing human life to Mars is the
underground usage of daylight in lavatubes. While facing
many challenges when building on Mars, it is one of the
safest methods to ensure long term habitability on the red
planet.
The lighthouse concept aims directly at those challenges
by protecting and leading human life through rays – just like
on Earth. The concept focuses on a combination of three
key elements: Due to radiation it is underground, the center
mirror structure lights up the lavatube underground and, all
the materials are built in-situ.
The dome connects the surface with the underground.
It’s a very vivid social place – a city square in an urban
understanding. Due to its glass panels and the dome shape
it is able to let in a lot of light. During radiation storms,
this area is evacuated. The second part of the city – the
column – has essential life supporting functions. Firstly, the
mirrored panels on its structure are able to redirect light
to the underground city. Secondly, it contains two vertical
infrastructures.
the lighthouse concept
Phase 1
Phase 3
Phase 0
6 people
reached
Phase 2
30 people
reached
no people
18 people reached
2050 2060 2070 208
base camp for first
astronauts ready
timeline
prototypes
constructed
dome
constructed
mirror
column
constructed
lava tube
pressurized
96

LIGHTHOUSE
LOCATION
The location of choice is the Tharsis region (0° 0‘N, 100°
0’W). Because of its many volcanos and lavatube sunlights
which can already be seen from satellites, it‘s most likely
that there are more lavatubes underground. Furthermore,
volcanic areas are prone to contain ice underground. The
region Tharsis has the highest possibility of finding water in
caves underground. This can help ensure the first human life
on Mars and will also be interesting for research purposes.
Lavatube roofs will be 10-90 meters thick, which is enough
to protect the population from the surface radiation,
galactic cosmic radiation, meteorite bombardment and
extreme temperatures.
It is important to say that lavatubes are not thoroughly
researched, because the procedure of scanning the
underground is quite complicated. While current research
by ESA focuses on scanning lavatubes, our concept also
includes scouting and research on site.
Chloe
Dena
Annie
Wendy
Arsia Mons. Jeanne Cave
Nikki
Abbey
Jeanne
Phase 5
Phase 4
~ 900 people reached
0 2090 2100 2110
expansion,
expansion,
expansion.
city completely self-sustainable
synodic cycle
97

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
<1 lx
75 lx
150 lx
225 lx
1st
2nd
3rd
ZOOMED-IN
To maximize daylight usage in the underground lavatube,
we conducted daylight simulations. While trying to find the
most efficient shape, the hyperbolic tube seemed to be the
most appealing. In order to reflect the sunlight, we decided
to use mirror panels as the surface material. The strong
aesthetics of the hyperbolic shape influenced our design
for the first prototypes.
While speaking of this project, it‘s important to understand
that this project is chronologically divided into two parts.
The first part is the scouting phase, where a prefabricated
first habitat (picture, phase 0) is brought to Mars by a
rocket. In this phase the main goal is to find an optimal
lavatube for further research, all carried out by robots.
The first habitat is seen as a safe shelter, with a focus on
planning the extension.
300 lx
21. December 12:00
21. June 12:00
shape optimisation through daylight simulation
phase 0 phase 1
98

LIGHTHOUSE
RADIATION
DAYLIG
100%
60%
60%
In phase 1, two prototypes are going to be built close to
the first habitat (pictures, phase 1). While testing the
manufacturing technology and material fabrication on
Mars, other tests on food production, power generation
and creating/maintain the inside atmosphere/pressure will
also be conducted.
35% 5%
60%
The main part of phase 3 is the construction of the dome
100%
and mirror column (picture, phase 3). All previously tested
materials are going to 60% be used and will finally make the
underground usage 60% of the tube possible.
RADIATION
0%
DAYLIGHT
radiation concept
electricity
0%
outside
100%
100%
WATER
Phase 4 and 5 consist of the underground expansion and
pressurization of the tube. Since this process consumes a
35% 5%
lot of power, it is important to build extra photovoltaic farms
around the dome.
60%
80%
0%
0%
daylight concept
70%
USAGE
100% 0%
electricity
WATER
CL
USAGE
CL
phase 2
99

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
OHH GOSH,
I - REALLY - CAN’T WAIT
FOR THE SIX NEWCOMERS!
BUT SURE,
FIRST THE PROTOTYPE
NEEDS TO BE BUILD.
PHUT!
PHUT!
WOW!
THIS PROTOTYPE IS SO
BEAUTIFUL.
AND SOON THE VISION IS
GOING TO BECOME TRUE...
100

GSEducationalVersion
LIGHTHOUSE
glass
triangles adapt to sunlight /
mirror dome
ECLSS connection to
floors
regolith
triangle variations optimise
efficiency
section
101

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
first habitat connection
plants
yoga
green garden
reading
watertank
water filter
water control system
toilet
workstation
oxygen tank
oxygen control system
lounge / chatting area
climbing
wall
glove
box
geo laboratory
storage
suitports
greenhouse
dining
lounge / open space
fireman
pole
transport and rover
docking station
airlock
rover
kitchen / food
preparation
plant laboratory
repair
station
farm roboter
storage
workstation
robotic rail
racking
system
plant test area
ground floor
102

LIGHTHOUSE
laundry
#6
#5
gym
#4
greenhouse
lounge / open space
fireman pole
sleeping
capsules
#3
#2
#1
first floor
103

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
104

MARS SCIENCE CITY
ARCADIA CITY
a project by
Xhem Mujedini | Shkumbim Ajdari
LOCATION
YEAR VISION
YEAR FIRST CREWED
MISSION
CREW MEMBERS
SPECIFIC
CHARACTERISTICS
Arcadia Planitia
2121
2035
6
3d-printed, Bio-dome
105

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
SUMMARY
Earth`s population is growing at a rapid pace, to the point
where it becomes concerning that the carrying capacity
has been overcome. We are overusing nonrenewable
resources such as minerals, fossil fuels, and water. The
growing population is causing an incerease in greenhouse
gas emissions, which are affecting the atmosphere
negatively. Because of these problems, it has become
important to look into other planets that could potentially
sustain life , one these potential planets its Mars
Our primary goal for budiling the first habitat on Mars is
to use In-Situ rescources, which would provide protection,
reduce building costs and would be helpful to build a
sustainable habitat. The first housing
units are going to be built
using contour- crafting
technology, which is 3d
printing using sulfur concrete
from extracted martian
regolith. Printing will be halfautonomous
with humans
who will assist in building
and maintainance of robots.
Contour-crafting
First rocket launches
to send the needed
equipment for future
habitants.
Landing of rockets
with equipment on
board and launching
of robots on site.
Landing of rockets with humans
on board, who will assist with
printing of housing units, do
research tasks and help with
the maintenance of robots.
Timeline
106

PROJECT ARCADIA NAME CITY
LOCATION
The region is located in the planet’s Northern Hemisphere,
and has an ample stash of water ice making it an ideal
location for any potential human mission to Mars. A
new paper published in Geophysical Research Letters
details a treasure maps of sorts, pointing to places where
researchers believe water ice lurks as little as an inch (2.5
centimeters) below the surface. Researchers are trying to
narrow down the best places for astronauts to land and this
discovery puts Arcadia Planitia near the top of the list. Data
also shows that because this is a temperate region, basked
in plenty of sunlight, it wouldn’t be difficult to uncover the
watery bounty.
Step 001 -
first rocket landing
Rocket a1- landing with
3d printing robots and
equipment needed to
build the first 3d printed
structure on mars
Step 002 -
second rocket landing
Rocket a2- landing with 6
austronauts who are going to
assist the robots on 3d printing
and are going to be the
first people on Mars
Flat terrain
Frozen water rescources
close to surface
Rescources for
In-Situ printing
Attachment of pods
and inflatation of
additional areas for
greenhouses, working
and sleeping space.
Completition of
shell protection that
covers the pods and
beginning of printing
process for housing
units.
Completition of
first housing units
connected to pods.
Expansion of the
city in the upcoming
years and building
of Biodome starts in
2070.
107

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
HABITAT
First layer
Second layer
Opening
3d-Printed Shell
D4 "
Usage of indirect lighting
for interior spaces
Expansion of the city
Functions based on
radiation levels
108

PROJECT ARCADIA NAME
CITY
HABITAT
A
KITCHEN
living space
MEDICAL
DINNING
SLEEPING QUARTIER
500
Second Pod
STOWAGE
Movement
Living
MAINTINANCE
STOWAGE
WORKPLACE
First Pod
STOWAGE
GREENHOUSE
Pods floor plan
2.5 m
5 m
FIRST PRINTED STRUCTURE
After the pods are placed and formed together
the robots print the first structure
around them.
Connection to
housing units
Airlock
Pods section
109

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HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
HABITAT
04
suitport
11.223 m 2
03
workstation
Indirect light
01
storage
405
13.222 m 2
02
medical
31.028 m 2
09
2 m
5 m
15 m
07
10
08
Indirect light
The habitat will have thick, curved,
sulphur concrete-printed walls,
designed to take advantage of the high
compressive strength of concrete and
to shield the inhabitants from radiation,
while withstanding the high interior
pressure of an Earth-like environment.
07
11
12
Basement II
110

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18
PROJECT ARCADIA NAME CITY
Basement I
HOUSING UNIT DESIGN
05
greenhause
In order to offer the feeling of being out in the
open, indirect lighting is used as main factor even
though the lighting on Mars is less than that of
Earth`s. Functions are seperated between the
floors based on the time spent of them so the
radiation times are minimised.
187.020 m 2
06
fitness / sport
26.745 m 2
111

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
VISION
Living on Mars in housing units is good for a short-term
stay, but for a longer-term stay we need Earth-like
features that could help our body and mental health.
Bio-Dome will offer protection against outside factors,
will provide solar energy and the needed open-space
area for free movement and green landscapes.
After Bio-Dome is completed
rooftops of housing
units get will get a green
cover to add aditional
green coverage to the city
and people can move freely
without the need to wear a
costume
ENVIRONMENTAL
occupying, pleasant , stimulating
environments that support wellbeing
SOCIAL
developing a sense of connection,
belonging , and a well developed
support system
MENTAL
expanding a sense of
purpose and support
mental health
Bio-Dome on harsh environment of Mars
FREE MOVEMENT
ability to move freely in a safe environment
112

PROJECT NAME
Weather system
with
seasonal change .
Flowing water
surfaces
to help boost
mental health.
Housing unit rooftops
are converted to
green roofs to create
more green space and
camouflage themselves
into the greenery.
113

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
114

MARS SCIENCE CITY
APOIKIA
a project by
Jonas Gündar
LOCATION
YEAR VISION
YEAR FIRST CREWED
MISSION
CREW MEMBERS
Near Herschel Crater
2121
2035
6
SPECIFIC
CHARACTERISTICS
Dome, Martian
Concrete,
Self sustaining
Ecosystem
115

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
SUMMARY
The future city Apoikia will provide an extensive lifestyle by
creating an Earthlike atmosphere. Because who would want to
spend decades, or even their whole life on Mars when there are
no birds or bees and you have to expect the same temperature
everyday?
Self-sufficient Ecosystem:
One big step from the first habitat to the future city is the creation
of an ecosystem, which already provides a variety of plants and
animals in the first few phases. The inhabitants will profit from
fresh food, air, water, crafting materials like wood and bamboo,
which can be used for floors and furniture and the feeling of being
in nature.
The dome is used as a shield against radiation and creates the
atmosphere. As a static system, the dome only conducts pressure
forces, which leads to using less material and wider spans. The
form provides a maximum of space with a minimum of surface.
The air pressure inside the dome also means more stiffness for the
construction.
In-Situ-Resources:
To reduce the expenses of transportation the main focus is on
using resources from Mars as building materials. Especially in
the first phase it is helpful to have a short production chain and
easy, robot friendly building manufacturing using as few layers as
possible.
concept self sufficient ecosystem
First Rocket
Robots
Second Rocket
6 Astronauts
2020 2030 2035 2038
2045
timeline
GSEducationalVersion
Phase I Phase II Phase III
Martian Concrete Plants Polyethylen
cationalVersion
116

APOIKA
LOCATION
To provide the necessary Sulfur for the Martian
concrete we chose our location based on the amount
of sulfur in the top layer of the Martian surface to
reduce energy for mining and transportation. The
yellow area shows a sulfur proportion of over 3%.
Our settlement will start near the Herschel Crater (14.7S,
129.7E).
Elysium Mons
Isidis Planitia
Herschel Crater
Hellas Planitia
Olympus Mons
FUTURE CITY
Core
The Core provides the main
infrastructure and distributes
resources and goods to the entire
city. It connects the city vertically
with elevators and horizontally
with a railway system to the
outsourced factories and spaceport.
The diameter of the dome will be
about 1600 m to provide enough
space for the residents.
City - 30.000 residents
It provides the Martians with
everything they need; like homes
(privacy), society, culture (art, music,
theatre), restaurants, entertaining
(cinema, club), hospital, sport facilities
and education facilities. Because of
the optimal dimensions, travelling
inside the city will done by foot and
bicycle.
Map, the yellow area shows a high sulfur appearance
Atmosphere 1,70m²
It provides the Martians with a big
functioning ecosystem similar to the
one on Earth; with free space for
outside activities like swimming and
climbing. There will be parks, a forest, a
lake, a beach and a zoo. Birds, insects,
changing weather and temperature
will also play a vital role.
core
city
atmosphere
shelter
0 100m 500m 1000m
airlock
railway
Phase IV 2070 Phase V 2095
Phase VI
Glass
Wood, Steel, Fiber
2121
Future City
conceptual section through the future city
117

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
PHASES
Phase I Arrival of the Robots (2030-2035)
The first rocket arrives with self-sufficient unpressurized
digging-, transportation- and building -robots; inflatables,
deployables, hut doors, nuclear fusion reactors, solar panels,
batteries, life support systems like MOXIE (Mars Oxygen In-
Situ Utilization Experiment), ECLLS (Environmental Control
and Life Support System) and HVAC (Heating, Ventilation
and Air Conditioning Systems), as well as chosen plants and
eggs to create a self-sustaining ecosystem.
The robots start mining resources which are used for
building the first 3 huts. A few different layers are used to
make an easy robot-friendly building manufacturing possible.
Martian concrete is used as the first in-situ-resource.
Phase II Arrival of the Humans
Surviving and Exploring (2035-2038)
The 3 built huts are connected by using deployables. The
second rocket arrives with 6 future inhabitants, they start
installing necessary equipment in their huts. 3 more huts
are built by the robots to extend the habitat.
Phase III Surviving and Researching
(2038-2045)
The first habitat is completed. A new in-situ-productionchain
has been launched to fabricate Polyethylen, which
is used as an additional protection layer against cosmic
radiation and solar flares. It is also used as reinforcement
for the Martian concrete to be able to construct larger
buildings.
118

APOIKIA APOIKA
Phase IV Expanding (2045-2070)
More humans arrive and the structure of the habitats is
growing. Also, silicates are mined and used as a basic
product for glass to gain view and natural light inside the
buildings.
Phase V Expanding (2070-2095)
Larger structures are built. Trees are planted inside to be
able to use wood as a new construction material. Also more
complex materials like steel and fiber are fabricated to build
wide spanned constructions like the future dome.
Phase VI Living (2095-2121)
The grid and membrane of the dome are beginning to take
shape to create an atmosphere for the future city. Also
higher buildings are much easier to construct inside the
dome.
119

GSEducationalVersion
HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
CONSTRUCTION OF A HUT
Martian concrete will be used as the main building material for the
huts. 12 to 25% sulfur will be mixed with Martian soil and heated
up to 140°C. As it hardens when it cools off, the robot can work
continuously. The concrete will act as the structure, insulation and
protection against radiation; an all in one material to simplify and
shorten the manufacturing process. Because of the usage of insitu-resources
the huts can be built bigger and provide more space
for the habitants.
Martian Soil
Martian Concrete
Sulfur
12-25%
GSEducationalVersion
Step 1: Digging.
Step 2: A robot heats the mixture of
martian soil and sulfure up to 140°C to
pour concrete as an even foundation.
Step 3: An inflatable is used as an inner
pneumatic formwork.
GSEducationalVersion
Step 4: The inflatable is overpressurized
inside.
Step 5: A doorframe is clamped to the
inflatable.
Step 6: The robot sprays the concrete
on the heat-proof coated surface of
the pneumatic formwork.
GSEducationalVersion
Step 7: Several layers of concrete
are sprayed to achieve the needed
thickness of about 1 meter.
Step 8: Gas is let out to reuse the
inflatable for the next hut.
Step 9: The finished shell almost
exclusively transfers pressure forces.
The doorframe will be used as an
entrance and to connect infrastructure
like pipes. A layer of polyethylene will
be added for more protection.
120

2
2
APOIKA
FLOORPLAN AND SECTION OF THE FIRST HABITAT
The first 3 huts will be built before
the astronauts arrive to serve as a
minimum habitat. While the robots will
continue constructing the following 3
huts, which provide space for exploring,
manufacturing and repairing, the humans
install their equipment and coordinate the
work. The doorframes of the huts will be
connected using a short deployable.
1 Sleeping Hut - Private Area
Six Quarters for inhabitants and
two bathrooms
2 Ecosystem Hut - Bionic System
Provides food, water and oxygen.
Aquaponics: Raising fish, snails, algae
in water tanks. vertical gardening,
growing bamboo as a crafting
material, recovery for inhabitants,
stress release
3 Living Hut - Public Area
Eating, cooking, gym, climbing
4 Inflatable used as a connector
5 Inflatable as a Preparation room for
going outside
6 Airlock for Astronauts
7 Laboratory and Medical Station
8 Vehicle-Bay: Reparing and
Upgrading Rovers
9 Vehicle-Airlock
10 Manufacturing-Hut
11 Shelter
1
2
1 1
4
7
5
6
3
8
10
9
Section 1-1 Section 2-2
1
2
4
7
3
0 1m 5m 10m
11
GSEducationalVersion
121

122

ADVENTUS
(lat. arrival)
a project by
Miruna Vecerdi | Rudolf Neumerkel
LOCATION
YEAR VISION
YEAR FIRST CREWED
MISSION
CREW MEMBERS
SPECIFIC
CHARACTERISTICS
Jezero Crater
2100
2032
4/6
connectivity
compactability
deployment

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
LAnding site
dose equivalent values rem/yr
10
20
low risk
high risk
Jezero Crater
geography
the location should be between -50 and 50 dg latitude
due to landing physics, preferably not too far from
the equator to ensure the potential of using solar
power. the ground should have few rocks, boulders
and dunes to facilitate mobility and construction.
exploration
Jezero Crater is located in the Syntris Major
quadrangle, at the n-w border of the Isidis Basin,
measuring about 49 km in diameter. on its western
side an ancient river fan-delta formation dominates
the landscape and indicates the former presence
of a lake. according to NASA, Jezero Crater has 34
regions of interest, offering a geological rich terrain
and many sampling targets of various rocks.
resources
Jezero Crater is rich in Iron and Ferric Oxides, which
could prove useful for further advances in ISRU.
the delta is rich in hydrated minerals, which is clear
evidence of water presence in the past. this may
facilitate the discovery of preserved ancient life on
Mars. dust is not accumulating quickly in this area,
which would ease the presence of solar panels.
radiation protection
the thin atmosphere and lack of a magnetic field,
expose Mars to a high amount of radiation. galactic
cosmic rays such as solar flares and heavy ions are
fatal to humans. low elevation areas show better
protection against radiation. Jezero Crater is located
in a low risk area and at an elevation of ca. 2km below
the martian mean surface height. the location for
the first habitat will be near the fan delta. placing the
base in the vicinity of the crater walls has radiation
protection advantages. this was shown by the
measurements done by the Mars Curiosity Rover.
124

shipping
compactability + deployment
sending anything into space is very expensive. to
be able to plan an efficient and successful manned
mission for Mars, knowledge of heavy-lift orbital
launch vehicles availability and their payload to Mars
is required.
our design focused on the compactability and
deployment choreography of the habitat. it is
designed to fit into SpaceX’ Starship, which has
100t+ payload to Mars.
ADVENTUS
125

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
small Green/ Crew
functionality
initially as green house
for the first manned
mission
sleeping/private
quarters
capacity
4 pax
Base/ research Unit
first habitat
research laboratory
and/or living space and
recreation
4/6 pax
Connector unit
infrastructural node
meeting area
common eating space
28-35 pax
green Unit
nutrition production
1500m2 agri
area
/50m2 agri /pax
1 unit / 30 pax
Workshop/
Medical unit
medical assistance
repairing workshop
advanced lab
1 unit / 100pax
126

connectivity
1 = can connect to the back
part of the research module
1 = the front connects to
other research units
2 = back connections to crew
quarters,
3 = to other module units,
forming communities around
different interests
3 = tunnels to other
connectors
1 = large greenhouses will
attach to the connector
System Elements
modules + connections
instead of a masterplan, an expansion system is
proposed for the realization of a city on Mars.
the modules are designed to fit into a hex-grid
system. this tesselation method enables modular
expansion isometrically in 3 directions, while also
ensuring a compact layout. the layout will adapt to
the topography of the site, nevertheless keeping
connectivity as a main goal.
according to population size and capacity of the
modules, an algorithm will calculate the number
of needed units and will layout possible further
developments.
as the settlement grows and the needs of the
settlers change, modules will align differently
around connector units, creating different areas
and meeting points for the inhabitants.
the first base has to already assure for future
expansion. at first, it will act as a single unit,
housing all the functions needed for the first crew.
it will also provide the possibility of reconfiguring
into a more specific unit for later expansion.
ADVENTUS
1 = front connection to
connector unit
2 = vehicle/rover hatch for
immediate medical assistance
or easier sample transfer
127

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
year 2032 year 2036 year 2040
Stage 1
Stage 2 Stage 3
First base
the first configuration
will consist of one
base module and a
small greenhouse.
connector
a connecting module is
added as multiple crews
settle. this is meant to
ensure expansion and
form a first community
community
the connector module
is the center of a three
base community and will
connect to other three
communities
focus
survival
propellant production
expansion
food production
advanced ISRU
permanence
128

expansion process
ADVENTUS
year 2100
Stage 4
city
with time, new improved modules can be
added. some communities might form a
closed loop, hierarchies might develop,
the initial system might get modified as
technology advances and the needs of the
citizens change...
independency negotiation
129

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
Structure
compactability + deployment = actuation
3 actuating systems are used:
a foldable floor
a vertically sliding steel core
and an inflatable membrane.
these are enclosed within the casing along with
the walls, the stairs which run vertically along
the core units walls, and the core modules. the
casing this contains the hatches and is split into
3 identical parts that have to be moved apart to
begin deployment
sketches on the shape for the membrane
the first actuator is the unfolding origami floor to
which the 3 casing parts are attatched to. various
origami patterns were tested. finally the last one
was implemented and further developed
while un/folding, the casing
should not intersect with the floor
130

ADVENTUS
the second actuator is the sliding core. it moves
vertically doubling in height. the frame holds
the core units, that contain sanitary fittings and
small plant growing modules and the cupola
with water tanks on the top.
the third actuator is the inflating membrane.
pressurizing the interior of the habitat is
essential for the survival of the crew members.
the pressure will also act as main load bearing.
inflated membrane
with reinforcements
sanitary fittings
small plant growing modules
cupola
core space-frame
with climbing ladder
sepparation elements
(walls and floors)
foldable floor
hatches
foundation
HVAC
131

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
Deployment
packed configuration
pressurized volume: 0 m3
diameter: 7 m
filled regolith: 0 m3
VS
deployed configuration
414 m3
16,26 m
83 m3
water provides excellent
radiation shielding and
transfers natural light into
the habitat
cupola
with water tanks
membrane
reinforcement
adding stability to the
membrane while shaping
the final pressurized form
132

habitation
functionality + comfort
keeping it minimal, functional, yet comfortable
was one of the main goals of the design. the
isometric connectivity of the expansion concept
can also be seen within the habitat.
sanitary fittings open up towards the private
rooms. the kitchen is oriented towards a
larger area for eating, socializing and medical
treatment. research area is allocated on top of
the private rooms to make use of the verticality.
ADVENTUS
connetion to small
green unit
this way loud and quiet, social and private space
are separated. the area between the private
rooms can be used as storage, recreational
and training space. connection to the small
greenhouse in this area would enhance the
recreational environment.
semi-social
private
quiet
loud
radiation protection
the exterior layer of the enclosing membrane is
equiped with chambers that will be filled with
regolith. a 3d sinthered regolith shell will be
printed over the habitat at a later stage.
private
social
133

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
small plant
growing module
to be used for food
production until the small
green units arrive
research area
are placed at each entrance/
exit point. these openings
will let some natural light
in and will cater for the
psychological well-being of
the inhabitants.
hatch windows
private rooms
toilet
the habitat has a capacity
of 4 to 6 people. the middle
walls can be removed to
allow for larger spaces and
for crew members to sleep
together
shower
kitchen
134

ADVENTUS
compactable wall
the walls are structurally conceived
as a scissors system and are
transported in compacted state
inside the core. they covered with a
soft translucent fabric, that is also
acoustical insulating. this should
give a more comfortable feeling
and also diffusely spread the light
within the private room
the materials used should be made up of hydrogen
rich composites to protect against radiation.
depending on the function of each layer, different
densities and weaves should be considered. all
materials used should withstand the inflation
pressure at all times.
multi layered membrane
- smooth flexible self-healing layer to
mitigate dust accumulation
- strong dense layer for micrometeorite
impact absorbtion
- strong flexible layer for impact
flattening
- regolith bags for radiation protection
and impact mitigation
- insulation layer
- interior finish
- reinforcing stripes act like trusses
connecting the layers, determining
the shape of the inflation and
providing the dividing elements
between the regolith bags
135

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
138

MARS SCIENCE CITY
ICE AGE
a project by
Alexander Brückler | Embrah Hamzic
LOCATION
YEAR VISION
YEAR FIRST CREWED
MISSION
CREW MEMBERS
SPECIFIC
CHARACTERISTICS
Arabia Terra
2060
2035
9
ice, dust, inflatables,
modules
139

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
HOW TO BUILD ON MARS
Building Type: A martian settlement has to have the
opportunity to grow from a small, first habitat into a town.
Expansion is easily achieved with a modular building type.
We call those individual building parts units. Their shape
adapts accordingly to their specific functions. Another
positive affect is, that this idea increases safety for
the astronauts. If one unit gets hit by meteroids or gets
damaged otherwise, the crew has enough options to move
the concerned function.
Materials: Ice is available under the martian surface, it
protects against cosmic radiation and builds a massive
building structure. The martian athmosphere mainly
consists out of CO2, one of the most potent insulating
materials. Because of the constant dust drift, a dust layer
will automatically cover the building over time, which adds
an extra protection shield against cosmic radiation.
Resources: Multiple energy sources are basic requirements,
for a redundant, martian home. They offer light and power
for humans and plants, to live together in an interdependent
life-circle.
Location: We use naturally wind-protected areas, like
valleys and troughs as building sites.
seperated units
ice CO2 dust layer
mult. energy
sources
valleys
plants
2037
PHASE 2: Explorers
x18
Goals:
- Deeper research
-Exploring the planet
2044
2020 2030 2040
140
Main-Mission
Sub-Mission
Timeline
Robotic mission
- building first habitat
- energy & water suply
2030
A
Green
Unit
WU
Home
Unit
PHASE 1: Pioneers
x9
Goals:
- Independent life on mars
- Research on mars
2035
Sports
Airlock
Green
Unit
Work
Unit
Storage
Home
Unit

ICE AGE
LOCATION
Our building is situated in Arabia Terra:
The landscape is structured by mountains, craters, cliffs
and valleys, but the topography still features enough flat
hillsides, so it is possible to maneuver rovers easily.
4 main requirements for the construction are given:
- terrain: offers protected sites
- temperature: between -30C° and -80C°
(always below 0C° )
- ice: available low under the surface
- dust devils: rare occurrence of storms
Location map
Exchange Mission
2050 2060
2052 2060 Exchange Mission
- exchange astronauts
- transportation
Exchange Mission
Sports
Airlock
Green
Unit
Storage
Home
Unit
PHASE 3: Settlers
>18
Goals:
- Independent society
2060
Work
Unit
141

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
CONSTRUCTION
We designed a construction system out of a
double-walled membrane, filled with molten,
martian ice, which afterwards freezes again.
The balloon-like modules are supplemented
by so called „plugs“. These can vary in 4
different functions and 2 sizes.
The site plan on the right shows the rather
protected situation of the building (Phase 2).
It‘s covered in martian sand.
Protective-Plug
filled with ice
full radiation shield
Window-Plug
filled with clear ice shells (frozen
slowly & controlled)
medium radiation shield
Door-Plug
walls insulated
connects two units
Airlock-Plug
connection to outside
Plugs
1,2m
Seperated Units
Units unite some
of the functions,
which are needed in
the entire building.
They can have any
size and shape.
142

ICE AGE
Sports
Storage
Plant
Kitchen
Community
Airlock
Laboratory
Office
Workshop
143

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
FREEZER
EXPERIMENT
Freezing water in a bowl for 20 hours.
1. Filling a
bowl with soil
and another
bowl, with
fresh water.
After breaking the ice block
into two pieces, the water
from the center flowed out.
We have got a very clear and
transparent ice shell. The experiment
worked well!
2. Freezing it for 10
hours at about -15C°
This should be improved:
The ice of the "roof" isnt that clear,
as the "walls"-ice. This is because
the walls have been insulated by the
soil, the roof wasnt.
3 There is
still water
inside. See
the result
on the next
page!
144
THE SHELL HAS TO BE
INSULATED AT THE TOP, to freeze
a clear roof. The water has to freeze
slowly.

ICE AGE
Window-Plug
Furniture
is integrated in the
floor and can be folded
out, if necessary. (tables,
cupboards, training
devices, etc.)
Door-Plug
Insulation
Pockets filled with CO2
(martian air)
Membrane
Ice
Structure
water is filled into a
double-walled membrane
and freezes. It
blocks radiation.
Floor
Made out of martian
soil, tempered with
proteins.
Planting
integrated in the floor.
Protective-Plug
Plug-Cover
space for instruments
Plug
145

HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
FLEXIBILITY
Sports
Airlock
Kitchen
Plant
Production
Community
Garden
Storage
Home Unit
It‘s hard to imagine all of the different scenarios, which
may occur when the first humans live on mars. This is
why we chose to design with maximum flexibility, when
it comes to the interior and its functions. We would like
to draw an image of possible situations, happening in the
astronauts‘ daily life, and also rare emergency scenarios.
Scenario A
To celebrate the birthday of one of the astronauts, the
crew gathers at the round table.
Laboratory
Office
Workshop
Scenario B
Some astronauts join project teams and combine their
mobile working spaces to work together.
Sports
Storage
Scenario C
After a crop failure, the crew has to increase the amount
of greenhouses, to fill up the food-storage again.
Kitchen
Community
Garden
Plant
Production
Home Unit
Scenario D
If an astronaut has an infectious illness, he/she can be
isolated in a different room.
Airlock
Laboratory
Office
Workshop
Floor Plans 1:400
moveable furniture
fixed furniture
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ICE AGE
Our VISION (Phase 3) describes the continiuous growth of
the habitat. Because of the convenient docking-system with
plugs, the future development is open for all scenarios.
The picture shows how a village evolves out of a larger
amount of units. The building parts connect to each other,but
also to the martian landscape.
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HB2 | MARS SCIENCE CITY
HB2
MARS SCIENCE CITY
Space Architecture Design Studio 2020
Published by
Vienna University of Technology
Institute of Architecture and Design
Department of Building Construction and Design
Hochbau 2
www.hb2.tuwien.ac.at
© 2020, Department for Building Construction and Design
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MARS SCIENCE CITY
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Students
Maria Ivanova, Mykhailo Bula, Svetla Stoyanova,
Jonas Gündar, Julia Vorraber, Kaitlyn Podwalski,
Sahil Adnan, Elian Trinca, Sofia Ahr,
Alexander Brückler, Embrah Hamzic,
Alma Kugic, Julian Graf,
Miruna Vecerdi, Rudolf Neumerkel,
Birk Stauber, Eva Kaprinayova,
Armin Ramovic,
Gilles Schneider,
Shkumbim Ajdari,
Xhem Mujedini,
Doris Binder,
Bojana Gojkovic
HB2 MARS SCIENCE CITY DESIGN STUDIO SS2020