Implementing-cryptography-using-python

Contents xiii
Cryptographic One-Way Hashes 59
Message Authentication Codes 60
Perfect Forward Secrecy 60
Published and Proprietary Encryption Algorithms 61
Summary62
References62
Chapter 3 Classical Cryptography 65
Password Best Practices 66
Password Storage 66
Hashing Passwords 67
Salting Passwords 67
Stretching Passwords 68
Password Tools 68
Obfuscating Data 69
ASCII Encoding 70
Base64 Encoding Text 70
Binary Data 72
Decoding72
Historical Ciphers 72
Scytale of Sparta 73
Substitution Ciphers 73
Caesar Cipher 74
ROT-1376
Atbash Cipher 77
Vigenère Cipher 77
Playfair79
Hill 2x2 83
Column Transposition 87
Affine Cipher 90
Summary93
Chapter 4 Cryptographic Math and Frequency Analysis 95
Modular Arithmetic and the Greatest Common Devisor 96
Prime Numbers 97
Prime Number Theorem 98
School Primality Test 98
Fermat’s Little Theorem 100
Miller-Rabin Primality Test 100
Generate Large Prime Numbers 104
Basic Group Theory 106
Orders of Elements 107
Modular Inverses 109
Fermat’s Little Theorem to Find the Inverse 110
Extending the GCD 111
Euler’s Theorem 111