Implementing-cryptography-using-python

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Index ■ I–M 281hashlib module, 28–29Header + Data Units (HDUs), 195Hellman, Martin, 162, 224helper filecreating one for constructing plaintextcommunications application, 251–252modifying of for implementing PKI inapplication using RSA certificates,258–259modifying of in implementing Diffie-Hellman key exchange, 266–270hexdigest, conversion to plaintext, 140–141hexdigest() method, 204hexlify module, 140hidden secret, for incorporating messagehashing, 201Hill 2x2, 83–87H(m) (notation in cryptographic protocols),37IIDEA, 36identity (as group axiom), 106identity operators, 16IF statement, 16image cryptographyAES and block modes of operation, 180–187applying examples, 186exploring simple CBC mode example,185–186exploring simple ECB mode example,181–185file cryptography using Fernet, 175–179overview, 175–176steganography, 187–197using Fernet, 179–180imagescryptography libraries, 174–175image cryptography, 175–187simple image cryptography, 171–174storing binary file inside, 192–194storing message inside, 188–191using cryptography with, 171–197working with large ones, 195–197immutable, 24import command, 28import math call, 28in membership operator, 15indentation, misuse of, 10index() method, 25indicesnegative index, 22positive index, 22infinite one-time pad, 164infrastructure, 255–256installingadditional packages, 5–8Chryptography package, 7–8IPython, 8Matplotlib, 5–7Pip, 5–7Python, 3–8testing, 9Wireshark, 253–254Integer Counter mode, 162–164integer factorization, 97inter-realm authentication, 40inverse (as group axiom), 106IPython, 8is identity operator, 16is not identity operator, 16is_prime() function, 103K-K A (notation in cryptographic protocols), 37K A,B (notation in cryptographic protocols), 37Kerberos protocol, 36, 39–40Kerckhoffs, Auguste, 61key distribution problem, 223key escrow, 33key exchange, 34key space, use of term, 49Known-Plaintext (KPA), 50Koblitz, Neal, 239Llambda functions, 125length extension attack, 209–210librariesbcrypt library, 69binascii library, 140configuring your first cryptographiclibrary, 47cryptography libraries, 174–175Fernet library, 175linear equations, solving systems of,117–119linear-feedback register (LPSR), 146list() function, 25list sequence type, 20–21, 24, 25logical operators, 13–14loops, use of, 17–19M(m 1, . . . , m n ) (notation in cryptographicprotocols), 37MAC encryption, for incorporating messagehashing, 200macOS, installing Python on, 4
282 Index ■ N–PMatplotlibdescribed, 3, 5installing, 5–7MD5, 203MDC (modification digest code), 34–35membership operators, 15Merkle, Ralph, 224Mersenne Twister algorithm, 116Message Authentication Codes (MACs)birthday attack, 59, 207–209cipher block chaining messageauthentication code (CBC-MAC),206–207crafting forgeries, 209–210hash-based ones, 201–205NIST compliance, 205–206overview, 200–201message digest, 67message hashing, 200message integrityMessage Authentication Codes (MACs),200–210setting up secure channel, 210–221message space, use of term, 49"A method for obtaining digital signaturesand public key cryptosystems" (Rivest,Shamir, and Adleman), 34Meyer, C. H., 159Miller, Gary L., 100Miller, Victor S., 239Miller-Rabin primality test, 100–104minus - operator, 12(m) K (notation in cryptographic protocols), 37modification digest code (MDC), 34–35modular arithmetic, 96–97modular inversesFermat’s little theorem to find inverse, 110–111overview, 109–110modules, defined, 28modulus % operator, 12multiple-domain Kerberos, 40–41multiplication * operator, 12mutable, 24Nnamesas case sensitive in Python, 9examples of, 9numbers as not starting, 9National Institute of Science and Technology(NIST), 205Needham, Roger (protocol inventor), 36Needham-Schroeder protocols, 36–38Network Time Protocol (NTP), 42NIST compliance, 205–206not (logical NOT), 14not in membership operator, 15NPM, Pip as similar to, 5NumPy, 3, 5–7, 117OOFB (output feedback) style, 157OFB mode (Output Feedback mode), 162–163one-time pad (OTP), 51, 141one-time pad (OTP) function, 56–58one-way hashescryptographic one-way hashes, 59–60overview, 58–59online word list, use of, 125–126open method, 27, 28operatorsarithmetic operators, 11–13bitwise operators, 15, 52comparison operators, 13identity operators, 16logical operators, 13–14membership operators, 15relational operators, 13use of, 11–12OR, 50–55or (logical OR), 14OTP (one-time pad), 51, 141OTP (one-time pad) function, 56–58Otway-Rees protocol, 38Output Feedback mode (OFB mode), 162–163output feedback (OFB) style, 157Ppasswordsbest practices for, 66–69hashing of, 67salting of, 67–68storage of, 66stretching of, 68tools for, 68–69PEM (privacy enhanced electronic mail),70–71perfect forward secrecy (PFS), 60–61perfect secrecy, 51, 56perfect security, 50–51Pip, installing, 5–7PKI (public-key infrastructure)described, 223–224implementing of in application using RSAcertificates, 255–261plaintextconstructing plaintext communicationsapplication, 248–253conversion of hexdigest to, 140–141Playfair, 79–82plus + operator, 11, 12preimage resistance, 59
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ImplementingCryptography UsingPytho
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To Stephanie, Eden, Hayden, and Ken
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viAbout the Authorbook, Shannon is
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Contents at a GlanceIntroductionxvi
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xiiContentsUsing Conditionals 16Usi
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xivContentsPseudorandomness115Break
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xviContentsInstalling and Testing W
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xviiiIntroductionprivacy advocates.
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CHAPTER1Introduction to Cryptograph
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Chapter 1 ■ Introduction to Crypt
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CHAPTER2Cryptographic Protocolsand
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Chapter 2 ■ Cryptographic Protoco
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66 Chapter 3 ■ Classical Cryptogr
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CHAPTER4Cryptographic Mathand Frequ
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Chapter 4 ■ Cryptographic Math an
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CHAPTER5Stream Ciphers and Block Ci
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Chapter 5 ■ Stream Ciphers and Bl
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CHAPTER6Using Cryptography with Ima
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Chapter 6 ■ Using Cryptography wi
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200 Chapter 7 ■ Message Integrity
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224 Chapter 8 ■ Cryptographic App
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Page 290 and 291: IndexSYMBOLS\ (backslash), 10- oper
Page 292 and 293: Index ■ D-D 279CIA Triad, 35-36ci
Page 296 and 297: Index ■ Q-S 283Preneel, Bart, 145
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