INTERNATIONAL-SURVEYING-RESEARCH-JOURNAL-ISrj-ISrJ-Vol-11-Year-2022

health and safety professionals or those planning site logistics (Health & Safety Executive, 2018). Libraries of
3D object models, such as machinery, vehicles and constructions, are available to designers for inclusion in
BIM models (Li, Xu, Li, Hong & Shen, 2018). It may not be clear who will need access to certain object
information; as this information is embedded within models, it is available at a central point and can be
accessed by all involved parties (Keavney, Mitchell, & Munn, 2013). For example, the size and weight of an
item may impact its transportation on site, or an object may need to be treated differently if it is associated with
a hazardous substance (Zhou, Ding, & Chen, 2013).
Clash Detection
The view ability of building structures and building as 3 Dimension models, as changed to 2 Dimension
drawn plans, makes it easier for site practitioners and also the end user to detect potential problems towards
the building (Akponeware & Adamu, 2017). Although the safety and health officer with a lot of training and
experience in the industry will be able to detect hazards within 2D plans, 3D BIM visualizations enhance this
process (Zhang, Zhang, Xiong, Cui & Lu, 2019). For example, it is much easier for individuals to detect clashes
between structures when they are provided with a very clear, unambiguous visualization of a site (Health &
Safety Executive, 2018).. Visualization can be designed or mitigated at the earlier stage, reducing the time
and costs associated with remedial actions during the construction phase (Bouchlaghem, Shang, Whyte &
Ganah, 2005). 3D visualizations also will enables individuals on the site especially who got less experience
and not so familiar with 2D plans to contribute to clash detection (Zhou, Ding, & Chen, 2013).
Augmented Reality
BIM also can be used in conjunction with augmented reality in managing the safety issues in construction
(Rahimian, Ibrahim, Wang, Wang, Shou & Xu, 2014). By superimposing virtual models on the proposed
environment in real time, Augmented Reality (AR) will enhance the visualization of a construction site (Ji, Kim
& Jun, 2017). For example, a tablet or smart phone showing a 3D model of a completed structure can be held
up when on site, to allow construction workers or designers to acknowledge a better understand for what will
complete design looks like. This such thing can help users to make a right design decisions, or to detect
potential issues before any physical construction activity (Chi, Kang, & Wang, 2013).
Augmented reality (AR) also provides another meaning of leveraging BIM as the primary power or sources
for all the information on the project site (Health & Safety Executive, 2018). AR enables physical data and the
co-location of digital in a single medium; all of the data will be placed on one application to ensure the activity
of the project will be easier to follow up (Bradley, Li, Lark, & Dunn, 2016). Thus, AR now enables the 3D BIM
information, overlay of detailed onto the physical project site in at full scale and real time, by using hand-held
projectors field tablets with special software to assist in registration and tracking (Gheisari & Irizarry, 2016).
Excavation Risk Management Plan
The management plan for excavation risk is one of the purposes to safely coordinate earthwork operations
at the construction site (Wu, Lu, & Hsiung, 2015). This is because, there is a needed for the earthwork phase
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