1 Review of Agricultural Water Pollution Control Policy and ... - ICPDR

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4 UNDP/GEF Danube Regional Project
Inventory of Policies for the Control of Agricultural Pollution in the DRB Countries Introduction The overall aim of the Danube Regional Project (DRP) is to support the activities of the International Commission for Protection of the Danube River (ICPDR) in implementing a regional approach in 11 countries of the Danube River Basin to solving the trans-boundary problems associated with the protection of the Danube River - including the sustainable management of surface and ground waters, the reduction of water pollution and the protection of water related ecosystems. Objective 1 of the DRP is the creation of sustainable ecological conditions for land use and water management. Under this objective there are two key outputs relating to agriculture, including Output 1.2 – reduction of nutrients and other harmful substances from agricultural point source and nonpoint sources through agricultural policy changes Aim of the Review The purpose of this review is to develop understanding of the existing policy context regarding agricultural pollution control in the 11 DRB countries supported by the DRP. In particular, the review aims to classify, describe and analyse 4 key issues: 1. The current policy objectives and strategies of the different Danube River Basin (DRB) countries regarding the control of water pollution caused by agriculture 2. The various policy instruments and practical measures that are currently used in the DRB countries in order to promote the control of water pollution caused by agriculture (e.g. to implement national policy objectives) where: • policy instruments set the framework for changing agricultural practice (e.g. a Governmental Act for Soil and Water Protection) • practical measures are the day-to-day farm management practices that need encouraging at farm level e.g. the prohibition of all fertiliser and manure application in water protection zones or limits on quantity of total fertiliser nitrogen application in all areas, etc. 3. The overall effectiveness of the “policy mix” used to control water pollution caused by agriculture – this includes the effectiveness of the policy instruments and practical measures being implemented – do they match the main water pollution problems (nutrients, farm wastes, pesticides and soil erosion)? Do they target all necessary enterprises? Are there any gaps in implementation? What is the level of enforcement? Etc. 4. The effectiveness of the institutional arrangements that are operating to implement the various policy instrument and measures - are the institutions effectively organised to implement policies and practice for agricultural pollution control? Do the relevant institutions have appropriate power and authority? Are sufficient resources allocated to the relevant institutions? Policy-making for Agricultural Pollution Control The ultimate objective of policy-making for agricultural pollution control is to reduce the risk of point source and non-point source pollution by influencing the behaviour of farmers and to improve the management practices they choose to adopt on a day-to-day basis. In order to understand the way in which policies influence farmers' behaviour (including the adoption of less polluting practices), it is necessary to consider some basic concepts about policy and policy making whereby: a) governmental agreements at a national and/or international level establish broad policy frameworks, and b) in order to be effective, these policy frameworks encompass three key components - a policy strategy (or number of strategies), policy instruments and an implementation structure. Policy Strategies Policy strategies expand upon a general policy framework by specifying: a) more detailed and quantifiable policy objectives, and; 5
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82 Review of Agricultural Water Pol
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100 UNDP/GEF Danube Regional Projec
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114 Government decree No. 103/2003
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116 5.2.2 Economic Instruments and
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118 Institutional Arrangements Inst
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124 Practical On-farm Measure Pollu
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130 Regulatory Framework for Agricu
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132 Ministry of Environment Legisla
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136 Training YES Nutrients, farm wa
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146 7.2 POLICY INSTRUMENTS, MEASURE
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150 The fines for infringement of t
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152 Training Yes Nutrients, farm wa
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154 Institutional Arrangements Proj
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164 Law no. 137 For Environmental P
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166 Ministry of Health and Family -
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168 Government Decision no. 118/ 02
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170 Ministry of Agriculture Food an
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172 Framework of Incentives/Disince
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176 Demonstration farms No Learning
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178 Project Project Budget The “A
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180 The project for promotion of En
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182 1.Fertilization: UNDP/GEF Danub
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184 Practical On-farm Measure Stora
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190 9.2 POLICY INSTRUMENTS, MEASURE
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192 Law on Water (Off. Gazette no 4
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194 Low on agricultural farming (Of
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196 Republican Hydro meteorological
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198 Framework of Incentives/Disince
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202 Framework of Available Advice a
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204 Other (please describe): All co
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216 The prohibition of sanitation b
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218 Decree on of protection zones f
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220 Act on Application of Sludge an
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222 The Act on Plant Treatment 471/
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224 Central Controlling and Testing
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226 Soil Science and Conservation R
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228 The Act on Agricultural Land Co
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230 The Act on Organic Farming 224/
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232 Education and awarenessraising
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234 Regional Environmental Accessio
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238 10.4 SUMMARY AND ASSESSMENT OF
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240 of protection. Prohibition fert
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242 application on agricultural lan
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246 Indicators of Status of Environ
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250 11.2 POLICY INSTRUMENTS, MEASUR
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252 Agriculture Act (Zakon o kmetij
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254 Regulation on SAEP and introduc
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256 Regulation on the emission valu
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258 10/99 and 20. January 1999) Dec
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260 11.2.2 Economic Instruments and
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264 Demonstration farms NO 3 Learni
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266 Private institutes (NGOs) imple
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268 8. Decreasing Negative Impacts
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274 11.5 INFORMATION SOURCES UNDP/G
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280 12.2 POLICY INSTRUMENTS, MEASUR
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282 Protection Regulations on areas
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284 State Committee on Water Indust
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288 Learning by sharing of ideas am
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290 12.2.4 Project-based Instrument
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292 Practical On-farm Measure Nutri
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