United States Agency for International Development - (PDF, 101 mb ...

1. Pressure - Threats/R&ka
Dectructive fishing
Introduction of exotic species (species w/c
when introduced to a certain area causes
negative influence in the environmental
condition - e.g. )
Human population issue
Siltation
Industrial threats/risks botential vs. actual)
Agricultural threats
Aquaculture threats
Harvest pressure /over-exploitation
Water-based pollution
Habitat conversion
* when effects are known and qualified - High.
Medium, & Low classification
^ when unlu~own - presence or absence
# of species trophic groups 86 biomass change
Seaweeds - # species, %cover, s 86
Mammals & turtles - feeding, spawning,
developmental (calving, nursery) areas
3. Response - Interventions made/planned
Marine Protected Areas (M PA)
- reviewed the status of MPAs in Luzon
- listingof Luzon hlPAs was distributed
for evaluation
- 27 out of 257 wen evaluated; others
are being scored by PAW9
'Although the threats/risks are encompassing to the
various marine taxa/habitats, some sub-groups may
define their own specific risk qualification criteria.
e.g. non-destmctive fishing method can be a
threat to marine mammals
mariculture as an ambiguous issue
2. Status
Determining the status of the habitat:
-Coral reefs - CI, MI, DI, SI, based on benthic cover
*Mangroves - change detection (satellite images);
stand characteristics (primary, secondary, etc.)