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62 C.J. Wo¢)o
7.2.1 Vendor char~es
This is the total price charged by the decon vendor plus assistance that may be provided
by other vendors for equipment setup and tear down. If addltional HPs (Health Physicists)
are hired to monitor the Job, their costs should be included here. If waste handling is a
separate contract it may be included here or under waste disposal charges.
7.2.2 Waste disposal charges
This is the cost of solidifying, shipping, and disposing of the waste. Some of this may
be included under Vendor Charges especially if an all-lncluslve contract is let.
7.2.3 Utility In-house costs
Coats incurred by the utility in supporting the decon. This includes supplying
engineers, chemists, and HPs to support the decon and the cost of training and badging
vendor's staff. In-house craft labor may be used for equipment setup. Any supplies
purchased by the utility (e.g., ion exchange resin) should be included here.
7.2.4 Crltlcal path time
This is the extra critical path time taken during an outage because a decontamination is
performed, multlplled by the cost of crltlcal path time. The latter quantity is usually
determined from the cost of replacement power which is in the $23-$27/HWh range.
7.2.5 Rem expended
For the purpose of these examples, it is assumed that each Rem of exposure coats
$I0,000, so the total dose incurred In performing the decon should be multlplled by this
quantity.* However, care must be taken to avoid charging twice for the same exposure. For
example, the vendors may include some of these costs for their staff in their contract
price. If the utlllty includes in this quantity the cost of training, badging, monitoring,
etc., then such charges should not also be Included under Utility In-house Costs.
7.2.6 Rem saved
This is normally estimated by multlplylng the Rem actually used for a particular Job by
the DF obtained in the area to obtain the Rem that would have been used without a decon.
The difference is multiplied by the cost of the men-ram to obtain a dollar value for the
savings. This can result in an under estimate of the savings, due to factors such as
reduction of nonproductive exposure time, elimination of some crew changes, smaller number
of crews, etc. In one case analyzed, a DF of five resulted in a factor of six reduction in
the work force end factor of eight reduction in the total dose.
7.2.7 Crltlcal path time saved
If a decontamination results in subsequent maintenance work being done more efficiently
and saving critical path time, this should be calculated as a benefit using the same value
for replacement power costs as in the Costs section.
7.2.8 Resldual benefits
A decon performed in one outage will have a resldual effect on the fields in the next
outage. After a full system decon it is possible to theoretically calculate how fast
recontamlnatlon should occur, end this has been done for several cases. After a
reclrculatlon system decon, experience shows that recontamlnatlon to about 50Z of the pre-
decon value will occur In one cycle and more slowly thereafter. Therefore, it is possible
to estimate the man-rem savings in the next outage assuming work will be done in the area
of the decontaminated system. For estimating purposes it appears reasonable to assume a
residual DF of two at the following outage.
7.2.9 Intangible benefits
This category includes items that are difficult or impossible to put a price on but
which are real benefits none the less. For example, improved worker morale, social and
moral implications of reduced exposure, more frequent inspections of critical equipment,
the option to perform preventative maintenance, etc. Alsoj it may be impossible to perform
a certain task without a decontamination due to a shortage of skilled workers (e.g., ISI
inspectors, welders, IHSI operators). For some major operations such as pipe replacement,
the NRC is imposing an upper limit on the total exposure for the Job. In many cases it is
*Surveys of utilities in the United States show that a cost of $5000 to $20,000 is
attributed to each Ram of incurred exposure. The actual value used in cost benefit
analyses depends on several factors, such as dose distribution between key workers.